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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Insomnia merupakan gangguan tidur yang sering dialami pascatrauma kepala, tetapi faktor yang berhubungan dengan insomnia belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi insomnia pascatrauma kepala dan faktor yang berhubungan. Metode penelitian: Desain penelitian potong lintang deskriptif menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) versi Bahasa Indonesia pada pasien pascatrauma kepala di Poliklinik Neurologi RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo, RSUD Pasar Rebo dan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto selama bulan Maret-Mei 2016 dengan onset minimal tiga bulan. Faktor yang dianalisis adalah derajat keparahan trauma kepala, gambaran CT-Scan kepala, derajat nyeri kepala, gangguan depresi dan ansietas. Derajat keparahan trauma kepala dinilai berdasarkan skala koma Glasgow, lamanya pingsan, lamanya amnesia pascatrauma dan CT-Scan kepala. Insomnia ditetapkan jika skor PSQI >8. Nyeri kepala dinilai dengan numeric rating scale, gangguan depresi dan ansietas dinilai dengan Mini Internasional Neuropsychiatric Interview Version ICD-10 (MINI ICD-10). Hasil : Diantara 70 orang subjek pascatrauma kepala, didapatkan prevalensi insomnia sebesar 33%. Subjek cedera kepala berat (31%) memiliki risiko 3,4 kali mengalami insomnia dibandingkan cedera kepala ringan (42%) (IK 95% 1,072-10,806). Subjek dengan nyeri kepala sedang sampai berat (26%) memiliki risiko 5,78 kali mengalami insomnia dibandingkan subjek tanpa nyeri sampai nyeri kepala ringan (74%) (IK 95% 1,730-19,315). Tidak didapatkan hubungan antara gangguan depresi (9%), ansietas (3%) dengan insomnia. Kesimpulan : Insomnia banyak dijumpai pascatrauma kepala. Keluhan nyeri kepala sedang sampai berat, dan cedera kepala berat merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan insomnia

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ABSTRACT
Background : Insomnia is very common following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the related factors with insomnia is less known. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of insomnia after TBI and related factors. Methods : Cross-sectional descriptive study using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Indonesian version on patients with history of TBI, with a minimum of three months since onset, in Neurology clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital, Pasar Rebo general hospital and Gatot Soebroto Army hospital during March-May 2016. The analyzed factors consisted of: severity of TBI, head CT-Scan findings, severity of headache, depression, and anxiety disorders. Severity of TBI was assessed on Glasgow coma scale, duration of loss of consciousness, duration of post traumatic amnesia and head CT-Scan findings. Insomnia was determined if PSQI score > 8. Severity of headache was measured by numeric rating scale, depression and anxiety disorders were assessed based on Mini Internasional Neuropsychiatric Interview Version ICD-10 (MINI ICD-10). Results : Prevalence of insomnia among 70 subjects after TBI was 33%. Severe TBI subjects (31%) had 3.4 times the chance of developing insomnia compared to mild cases (42%) (CI 95% 1.072-10.806). Moderate-severe headache subjects (26%) had 5.78 times the risk of having insomnia compared to no headache-mild headache cases (74%) (CI 95% 1.730-19.315). No significant relation could be established between depression (9%), anxiety disorders (3%) with insomnia. Conclusion : Insomnia is common after TBI. Moderate-severe headache and severe TBI are the related factors of insomnia.

Abstrak :
Strktur uretra adalah kelainan berupa penyempitan lumen uretra akibat terbentuknya jaringan parut (scar) yang melibatkan epitel dan jaringan erektil korpus spongiosum. Proses patofisiologi terjadinya kelainan ini belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Di antara berbagai faktor yang terlibat, diferensiasi miofibroblas merupakan salah satu faktor kunci.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui diferensiasi miofibroblas pada proses terjadinya striktur uretra di tingkat selular dan melihat hubungan antara growth factor dan komposisi kolagen dengan diferensiasi miofibroblas. Penelitian ini adalah studi eksperimental pada kelinci New Zealand jantan dewasa yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok model penyembuhan uretra normal dan model striktur uretra.Dua kelinci pada masing-masing kelompok dilakukan eutanasia pada hari ke-2, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, dan 90. Dilakukan pemeriksaan adanya sumbatan uretra dengan sondase bougie 8 F, pemeriksaan CRP serum darah, pemeriksaan hematoksilin-eosin, trichrome Masson, picrosirius red, TUNEL, dan RT PCR untuk melihat ekspresi gen α-SMA, TGF β, dan b-FGF. Dari hasil penelitian dijumpai adanya perbedaan dalam apoptosis miofibroblas, komposisi kolagen I/total, kadar TGF β dan b-FGF antara kedua kelompok. Terdapat korelasi positif sedang antara apoptosis miofibroblas dengan ekspresi gen TGF β dan korelasi positif lemah antara apoptosis miofibroblas dan komposisi kolagen tipe I/ kolagen total. ......Urethral stricture is a narrowing urethral lumen due to scar formation involving epithel and corpus spongiosum erectile tissue. Pathophysiology process of this abnormality is not fully understood. Among various factors involved, myofibroblast differentiation is a key factor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of myofibroblast differentiation on urethral stricture formation process at cellular level and observe the correlation between growth factors and collagen composition with myofibroblast. The study was an experimental study in adult male New Zealand rabbits, divided into two groups, namely the normal urethral healing model and urethral stricture model. Euthanasia was performed in two rabbits of each group on days 2, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. Urethral stricture was confirmed by bougie. Several laboratory examination were done, including CRP blood serum, haematoxylin eosin, trichrome Masson, picrosirius red, TUNEL and RT PCR to look at gene expression of α- SMA, TGF β, b-FGF, dan EGF. The study found a difference in apoptosis myofibroblast, composition of collagen type I/total, TGF β and b-FGF levels between the two groups. There was also a positive moderate correlation between TGF β gene expression and myofibroblast apoptosis proportion and a positive weak correlation collagen type I/ total composition and myofibroblast apoptosis proportion.;Urethral stricture is a narrowing urethral lumen due to scar formation involving epithel and corpus spongiosum erectile tissue. Pathophysiology process of this abnormality is not fully understood. Among various factors involved, myofibroblast differentiation is a key factor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of myofibroblast differentiation on urethral stricture formation process at cellular level and observe the correlation between growth factors and collagen composition with myofibroblast. The study was an experimental study in adult male New Zealand rabbits, divided into two groups, namely the normal urethral healing model and urethral stricture model. Euthanasia was performed in two rabbits of each group on days 2, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. Urethral stricture was confirmed by bougie. Several laboratory examination were done, including CRP blood serum, haematoxylin eosin, trichrome Masson, picrosirius red, TUNEL and RT PCR to look at gene expression of α- SMA, TGF β, b-FGF, dan EGF. The study found a difference in apoptosis myofibroblast, composition of collagen type I/total, TGF β and b-FGF levels between the two groups. There was also a positive moderate correlation between TGF β gene expression and myofibroblast apoptosis proportion and a positive weak correlation collagen type I/ total composition and myofibroblast apoptosis proportion.

Abstrak :
Meskipun individu yang mengalami pengalaman sulit di masa kecil mendapatkan beragam dampak negatif, individu juga mungkin mengalami perubahan positif yaitu pertumbuhan pascatrauma. Individu perlu melewati proses yang dipengaruhi berbagai faktor untuk dapat mengalami pertumbuhan pascatrauma. Peneliti melakukan analisis pada 396 data partisipan dewasa muda yang tinggal di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, dengan tujuan untuk memeriksa hubungan ruminasi disengaja dan harapan dalam memprediksi pertumbuhan pascatrauma pada populasi individu dengan pengalaman sulit sebelum berusia 18 tahun. Partisipan mengisi kuesioner daring berupa Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire untuk mengukur kejadian sulit masa kecil, Event Related Rumination Inventory mengukur ruminasi disengaja yang dulu dilakukan, Adult State Hope Scale mengukur keadaan harapan saat ini, dan Posttraumatic Growth Inventory mengukur besaran pertumbuhan pascatrauma. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa ruminasi disengaja dan harapan dapat memprediksi tingkat pertumbuhan pascatrauma secara positif dan signifikan. Berdasarkan temuan ini, harapan dan ruminasi disengaja dapat ditumbuhkan dan diajarkan dalam program intervensi. ......Despite survivors of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have to face a variety of negative effects, they also have the opportunity to experience positive changes known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Survivors of ACE have to pass through a long process influenced by various factors. Analysis of 396 data on young adult participants living across Indonesia were performed, with the aim to examine the effect of deliberate rumination and hope in predicting PTG on a population of individuals experienced adverse childhood before the age 18. Participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire measuring ACE’s score, Event Related Rumination Inventory measuring past deliberate rumination’s level, Adult State Hope Scale measuring the current hope’s level, and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory measuring the degree of PTG. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that deliberate rumination and hope significantly predict the degree of PTG. Intervention strategies using hope and deliberate rumination are further discussed.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas cerpen “Seekor Bebek yang Mati di Pinggir Kali”, “Doa yang Menakutkan”, dan “Dongeng Gelap” dalam kumpulan cerpen Seekor Bebek yang Mati di Pinggir Kali karya Puthut EA dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologi sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bentuk kecemasan dan mengidentifikasi stres pascatrauma pada tokoh utama ketiga cerpen tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini menggambarkan bentuk ansietas dan trauma yang dihadapi tokoh-tokoh ketiga cerpen Puthut EA. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ansietas dan trauma yang membentuk kecemasan, ketakutan, dan kehilangan akibat penumpasan PKI dialami keluarga korban yang dituduh terlibat PKI. Ancaman lingkungan sekitar yang muncul akibat ketidakadilan, ketidakamanan, dan ketidakberdayaan menciptakan bentuk stres pascatrauma. Analisis terhadap tokoh ketiga cerpen itu menunjukkan gejala penghindaran (avoidance) dan gejala re-experiencing. ......This study discusses "Seekor Bebek yang Mati di Pinggir Kali", "Doa yang Menakutkan", and "Dongeng Gelap" in the short story collection of Seekor Bebek yang Mati di Pinggir Kali by Puthut EA using the literary psychology approach. This research aims to represent the fear and post-traumatic stress in the main characters. With a qualitative descriptive method, this research shows the conditions of anxiety and trauma encountered by the three characters of Puthut EA's short story. This study concluded that the anxiety and trauma caused by pressure, fear, and loss were driven by suppression of the PKI, experienced by the families of victims who are considered involved in the PKI. Environment threats arise due to injustice, insecurity, and powerlessness, create post-traumatic stress conditions. The analysis of the three short stories shows avoidance and re-experiencing symptoms.