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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
BCG telah digunakan sebagai upaya mencegah infeksi tuberculosis selama lebih dari 90 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat efek pemberian vaksin BCG melalui rute subkutan di area dorsal leher dan paha pada mencit galur Swiss sekaligus menguji potensi pasak bumi (PB) sebagai imunomodulator setelah imunisasi BCG dengan mengukur IgG1 dan IgG3 menggunakan metode ELISA. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari proyek penelitian mengkaji potensi ekstrak akar pasak bumi pada beberapa infeksi pathogen intraseluler. Hasilnya pemberian vaksin BCG melalui rute subkutan di area leher lebih efektif (p<0.05) meningkatkan kadar IgG1 (OD kelompok air 2.162±0.231; kelompok PB 2.138±0.214) dan IgG3 (OD kelompok air 2.564±0.286; kelompok PB 2.521±0.228) pada mencit dibandingkan kadar IgG1 (OD kelompok air 0.817±0.101; kelompok PB 0.796±0.207) dan IgG3 (OD kelompok air 1.290±0.104; kelompok PB 1.260±0.093) pada vaksinasi BCG secara subkutan di area paha. Sementara itu potensi ekstrak akar pasak bumi dalam memodulasi produksi IgG1 dan IgG3 paska injeksi BCG belum terlihat pada percobaan ini.

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ABSTRACT
BCG has been used as an effort to prevent tuberculosis for more than 90 years. The aim of this research were to investigate the effect of BCG vaccine administration trough subcutaneous route over the neck and on the thigh of mice of Swiss strain as well as to evaluate the potency of pasak bumi (PB) as immunomodulator in IgG1 and IgG3 productions after BCG vaccination. This research is part of a bigger project to analyse the potency of pasak bumi as an immunomodulator over intracellular pathogen infections. The result shows that BCG vaccination through subcutaneous over the neck was more effective (p<0.05) in generating IgG1 (OD group with water 2.162±0.231; group with PB 2.138±0.214) and IgG3 (OD group with water 2.564±0.286; group with PB 2.521±0.228) on mice compare to IgG1 level (OD group with water 0.817±0.101; group with PB 0.796±0.207) and IgG3 (OD group with water 1.290±0.104; group with PB 1.260±0.093) on subcutaneous vaccination on thigh area. The potency of pasak bumi root extract in modulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3 has not seen in this experiment. ;BCG has been used as an effort to prevent tuberculosis for more than 90 years. The aim of this research were to investigate the effect of BCG vaccine administration trough subcutaneous route over the neck and on the thigh of mice of Swiss strain as well as to evaluate the potency of pasak bumi (PB) as immunomodulator in IgG1 and IgG3 productions after BCG vaccination. This research is part of a bigger project to analyse the potency of pasak bumi as an immunomodulator over intracellular pathogen infections. The result shows that BCG vaccination through subcutaneous over the neck was more effective (p<0.05) in generating IgG1 (OD group with water 2.162±0.231; group with PB 2.138±0.214) and IgG3 (OD group with water 2.564±0.286; group with PB 2.521±0.228) on mice compare to IgG1 level (OD group with water 0.817±0.101; group with PB 0.796±0.207) and IgG3 (OD group with water 1.290±0.104; group with PB 1.260±0.093) on subcutaneous vaccination on thigh area. The potency of pasak bumi root extract in modulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3 has not seen in this experiment. , BCG has been used as an effort to prevent tuberculosis for more than 90 years. The aim of this research were to investigate the effect of BCG vaccine administration trough subcutaneous route over the neck and on the thigh of mice of Swiss strain as well as to evaluate the potency of pasak bumi (PB) as immunomodulator in IgG1 and IgG3 productions after BCG vaccination. This research is part of a bigger project to analyse the potency of pasak bumi as an immunomodulator over intracellular pathogen infections. The result shows that BCG vaccination through subcutaneous over the neck was more effective (p<0.05) in generating IgG1 (OD group with water 2.162±0.231; group with PB 2.138±0.214) and IgG3 (OD group with water 2.564±0.286; group with PB 2.521±0.228) on mice compare to IgG1 level (OD group with water 0.817±0.101; group with PB 0.796±0.207) and IgG3 (OD group with water 1.290±0.104; group with PB 1.260±0.093) on subcutaneous vaccination on thigh area. The potency of pasak bumi root extract in modulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3 has not seen in this experiment. ]

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Penggunaan adhesif universal sebagai sementasi pasak fiber dalam restorasi pasca endodontik populer digunakan karena sifatnya yang serbaguna sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dengan metode total-etch maupun self-etch. Namun, penelitian mengenai perbedaan push-out bond strength (PBS) antara kedua metode tersebut masih terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan PBS dan failure mode antara metode total-etch dan self-etch sistem adhesif universal pada sementasi pasak fiber. Metode: Tiga puluh gigi premolar rahang bawah yang baru diekstraksi disimpan di dalam air terdeionisasi yang kemudian dilakukan pemotongan mahkota sebelum dilakukan perawatan saluran akar dan preparasi ruang pasak. Pasak kemudian disementasi dengan semen resin dualcure self-adhesive dan bahan adhesif Prime&Bond Universal (PBU). Uji PBS dilakukan untuk mengukur kekuatan ikat geser masing-masing kelompok uji. Kegagalan ikatan kemudian diobservasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil: Kelompok self-etch memiliki kekuatan ikat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya dengan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan kegagalan adhesif yang signifikan di antara kelompok. Kesimpulan: Metode self-etch memiliki kekuatan ikat paling baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok uji lainnya, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan failure mode pada setiap kelompok. ......Background: Universal adhesives for fiber post cementation in endodontically treated teeth have become popular in clinical dentistry as they can be applied in either total-etch or self-etch mode, due to their reduced number of application steps and versatility. However, studies regarding comparison between the two modes are limited and insufficient. Aim/Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze and compare the pushout bond strength and failure mode of the multimode universal adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated prior to a root canal treatment (RCT) and prepared for post placement and bonded using Prime&Bond Universal (PBU). Post was then cemented using dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement. The push-out bond strength (PBS) test was performed to measure the shear bond strength using a universal testing machine (UTM). Failure mode was then observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: One-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Bonferroni and Independent T-Test indicated that there is significant difference (p<0.05) between the bond strength of the total- and self-etch mode of the universal adhesive system. However, no differences in failure mode are observed between groups. Conclusion: Self-etch mode is more preferable due to its higher bond strength dominated with cohesive failure indicating its success in bonding with the root canal

Abstrak :
Previous studies had shown that pasak bumi(PB) root chloroform extract given to laboratory animal would cause aphrodisiac effect and increase the testosterone hormone,FSH and LH whic mechanism of action was assumed to be by central simulation.....

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pasak bumi (PB) (Eurycoma longifolia Jack), adalah tanaman herbal Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai antimalaria. Penelitian terdahulu meliputi efek anti ageing dan anti inflamasi, namun belum pernah diteliti tentang efek terhadap aktivitas enzim antioksidan pada penggunaan ekstrak akar PB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pengaruh ekstrak akar PB sebagai antimalaria dapat menurunkan aktivitas spesifik antioksidan enzimatik. Penelitian ini menggunakan mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei, diterapi dengan ekstrak akar PB, klorokuin 10 mg/kg BB (kontrol positif, KP), kontrol negatif (akuades, KN), kontrol normal (K0), PB 30 (TI), 60 (TII) dan 90 mg/kg BB (TIII). Parameter yang diukur adalah inhibisi parasitemia, kadar karbonil, aktivitas spesifik SOD, katalase (CAT). Inhibisi parasitemia hari ke 7 dari KP, TI, TII dan TIII adalah 69,81%, 39,37%, 41,72% dan 12,92%. Aktivitas spesifik enzim SOD dan CAT plasma tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Aktivitas spesifik SOD hati menunjukan perbedaan bermakna antara K0- KN (p=0,000), K0-KP (p= 0,025), KN-TI (p=0,001), KP-TI (p=0,042), KN-TII (p=0,002), KN-TIII (0,005). Aktivitas spesifik CAT hati menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara KP-TI (p=0,009), KP-TII (p=0,009), KP-TIII (p=0,014), KP-K0 (p=0,009), TI-TIII (p=0,014), KN-TI (p=0,009), KN-TII (p=0,047), K0-KN (p=0,047). Kadar karbonil plasma dan hati tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok. Korelasi positif bermakna (r=0,690, p=0,000) terjadi antara aktivitas spesifik SOD dan CAT hati. Korelasi negatif bermakna terjadi antara aktivitas spesifik SOD, CAT hati dan parasitemia (r= -0,637, p=0,000) (r=-0,557, p=0,002). Kesimpulan: Potensi PB sebagai antimalaria diragukan karena herbal ini juga memiliki efek antioksidan yang menguntungkan bagi parasit.

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ABSTRACT
Pasak bumi (PB)(Eurycoma longifolia Jack), is an Indonesian herb used as antimalarial. Previous studies had been done on its anti-ageing and anti-inflammation properties, but its effect on antioxidant enzyme had not been researched. This study aim to investigate the antimalarial influence of PB extract on the reduction of specific antioxidant activity of the SOD and CAT enzyme. We used mice infected by Plasmodium berghei treated with: PB 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg BW as (TI, TII, and TIII), positive control (chloroquine 10 mg/kg BW) (KP), negative control (aquadest) (KN), normal mice control (K0). The parameters were: growth inhibition, carbonyl concentration, specific activity of SOD and CAT. Growth inhibition in 7 day groups of KP, TI, TII, and TIII were 69,81%, 39,37%, 41,72%, and 12,92%. Specific activity of plasma SOD and CAT were insignificant between groups. Liver SOD specific activity showed significant different between K0-KN (p=0,000), K0-KP (p= 0,025), KN-TI (p=0,001), KP-TI (p=0,042), KN-TII (p=0,002), KN-TIII (0,005). Specific activity of liver CAT showed significant different between KP-TI (p=0,009), KP-TII (p=0,009), KP-TIII (p=0,014), KP-K0 (p=0,009), TI-TIII (p=0,014), KN-TI (p=0,009), KN-TII (p=0,047), K0-KN (p=0,047). Carbonyl concentrations show insignificant between groups in plasma and liver. Positive correlation (r=0,690, p=0,000) showed between liver SOD and CAT specific activity, negative correlation showed between liver SOD (r= -0,637, p=0,000), CAT (r= -0,557, p=0,002) specific activity and paracytemia. Therefore, The potential use of PB as an antimalarial was of doubtful effectiveness due to its antioxidant effect which could be beneficial to the parasite, Pasak bumi (PB)(Eurycoma longifolia Jack), is an Indonesian herb used as antimalarial. Previous studies had been done on its anti-ageing and anti-inflammation properties, but its effect on antioxidant enzyme had not been researched. This study aim to investigate the antimalarial influence of PB extract on the reduction of specific antioxidant activity of the SOD and CAT enzyme. We used mice infected by Plasmodium berghei treated with: PB 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg BW as (TI, TII, and TIII), positive control (chloroquine 10 mg/kg BW) (KP), negative control (aquadest) (KN), normal mice control (K0). The parameters were: growth inhibition, carbonyl concentration, specific activity of SOD and CAT. Growth inhibition in 7 day groups of KP, TI, TII, and TIII were 69,81%, 39,37%, 41,72%, and 12,92%. Specific activity of plasma SOD and CAT were insignificant between groups. Liver SOD specific activity showed significant different between K0-KN (p=0,000), K0-KP (p= 0,025), KN-TI (p=0,001), KP-TI (p=0,042), KN-TII (p=0,002), KN-TIII (0,005). Specific activity of liver CAT showed significant different between KP-TI (p=0,009), KP-TII (p=0,009), KP-TIII (p=0,014), KP-K0 (p=0,009), TI-TIII (p=0,014), KN-TI (p=0,009), KN-TII (p=0,047), K0-KN (p=0,047). Carbonyl concentrations show insignificant between groups in plasma and liver. Positive correlation (r=0,690, p=0,000) showed between liver SOD and CAT specific activity, negative correlation showed between liver SOD (r= -0,637, p=0,000), CAT (r= -0,557, p=0,002) specific activity and paracytemia. Therefore, The potential use of PB as an antimalarial was of doubtful effectiveness due to its antioxidant effect which could be beneficial to the parasite]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Modifikasi mesin dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas mesin, yang memiliki keunggulan ekonomis bila dibandingkan dengan ekspansi mesin atau penambahan mesin baru.

Modifikasi mesin gerinda otomatis SA 1901 B yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya telah dapat meningkatkan kapasitas produksi. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengurangi cycle time mesin tersebut. Sehingga beberapa komponen mesin telah diubah yaitu poros pada stone adaptor unit dan sabuk pada workhead unit. Namun ada kendala ekonomis, karena biaya pengadaan stok komponen pengganti tersebut mahal.

Modifikasi lanjutan bertujuan untuk merancang komponen part modifikasi yang lebih murah, sehingga diharapkan jadwal preventive maintenance dapat terjaga.

Ada 4 macam bahan material yang dipakai dalam perancangan poros yaitu: S45C-D, S55C-D, SCM-3, dan SCR-5. Data hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa diameter poros yang berbahan S45C-D dan S55C-D, tidak berbeda jauh dari diameter poros yang digunakan dalam modifikasi sebelumnya. Sedangkan dalam perancangan sabuk, didapatkan dua tipe sabuk baru sebagai altematif stok yaitu V-bell dan sabuk gilir.

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Abstrak :
[Resistensi obat antimalaria mendorong pengembangan obat antimalaria baru. Salah satu alternatif pengembangan obat antimalaria adalah mengombinasikan klorokuin dengan komponen lain, contohnya ekstrak akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia jack.). Berbagai penelitian in vitro maupun in vivo telah membuktikan potensi pasak bumi sebagai antimalaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian kombinasi ekstrak akar pasak bumi dan klorokuin secara injeksi subkutan pada mencit (Mus musculus) yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah pemberian ekstrak akar pasak bumi dengan dosis 10 mg/kgBB, 20 mg/kgBB, serta kombinasi ekstrak akar pasak bumi dengan dua dosis tersebut dan klorokuin. Berdasarkan Peters 4-days suppressive test, pertumbuhan parasitemia mencit yang diberikan kombinasi obat memiliki nilai yang mendekati kontrol positif (0,60%), yaitu 0,60% pada dosis kombinasi pasak bumi 10 mg/kgBB dan 0,50% pada dosis 20 mg/kgBB namun analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Hasil penghitungan penghambatan pertumbuhan parasit menunjukkan kecenderungan yang sama. Penghambatan pertumbuhan parasit kontrol positif menunjukkan angka 97,9% sementara pemberian kombinasi obat menunjukkan angka 97,7% (dosis pasak bumi10 mg/kgBB) dan 98,2% (dosis pasak bumi 20 mg/kgBB). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara efek pemberian kombinasi ekstrak akar pasak bumi dan klorokuin secara injeksi subkutan dibandingkan dengan terapi klorokuin saja;Antimalarial drug resisstance demand us to develop new antimalarial drug. One of the alternative is combining chloroquine with new compund, for example pasak bumi root extract (Eurycoma longifolia jack). Many studies have shown the potency of pasak bumi root extract as a antimalarial drug. This study is aim to investigate the effect of combination of pasak bumi root extract and chloroquine which is administrated by subcoutaneous injection to Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Mice were given pasak bumi root extract only with 10 mg/kgBW and 20 mg/kgBW dose , also combination therapy of pasak bumi root extract on same dose and choloquine. Based on Peters 4-days suppressive test, parasite growth in mice with combination therapy was nearing the postive control value (0.60%), 0.60% for 10 mg/kgBW dose and 0.50% for 20 mg/kgBW dose. However, the statistic analysis showed the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Growth inhibition counting showed the same trend. Positive control growth inhibiton value is 97.9% meanwhile the combination therapy group has 97.7% for 10 mg/kgBW dose and 98.2% for 20 mg/kgBW dose. The study suggests that there were no significat difference between the effect of subcutaneously administrated combination of pasak bumi extract root-chloroquine and chloroquine only therapy., Antimalarial drug resisstance demand us to develop new antimalarial drug. One of the alternative is combining chloroquine with new compund, for example pasak bumi root extract (Eurycoma longifolia jack). Many studies have shown the potency of pasak bumi root extract as a antimalarial drug. This study is aim to investigate the effect of combination of pasak bumi root extract and chloroquine which is administrated by subcoutaneous injection to Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Mice were given pasak bumi root extract only with 10 mg/kgBW and 20 mg/kgBW dose , also combination therapy of pasak bumi root extract on same dose and choloquine. Based on Peters 4-days suppressive test, parasite growth in mice with combination therapy was nearing the postive control value (0.60%), 0.60% for 10 mg/kgBW dose and 0.50% for 20 mg/kgBW dose. However, the statistic analysis showed the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Growth inhibition counting showed the same trend. Positive control growth inhibiton value is 97.9% meanwhile the combination therapy group has 97.7% for 10 mg/kgBW dose and 98.2% for 20 mg/kgBW dose. The study suggests that there were no significat difference between the effect of subcutaneously administrated combination of pasak bumi extract root-chloroquine and chloroquine only therapy.]

Abstrak :
[Resistensi yang terjadi pada beberapa obat antimalaria, seperti klorokuin, mendasari gencarnya dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menemukan terapi antimalaria alternatif, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan potensi herbal dari alam Indonesia. Ekstrak tanaman yang terbukti pada penelitian in-vivo memiliki efek antimalaria adalah akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia jack). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in-vivo yang menguji ekstrak akar pasak bumi dengan dosis 60 mg/kgbb, 75 mg/kgbb, dan 90 mg/kgbb terhadap mencit (Mus musculus) yang terinfeksi Plasmodium berghei. Peningkatan densitas parasitemia pada hari ke-4 terapi dosis 60 mg/kgbb lebih tinggi dari kontrol negatif, sedangkan terapi dosis 75 mg/kgbb dan 90 mg/kgbb lebih rendah dari kontrol negatif namun perbedaannya tidak signifikan secara statistik. Ditinjau dari persentase inhibisi parasitemia, terapi dosis 60 mg/kgbb memiliki persentase inhibisi parasitemia negatif, sedangkan terapi dosis 75 mg/kgbb dan 90 mg/kgbb memiliki persentase inhibisi parasitemia < 50%. Ditinjau dari kadar hemoglobin, ketiga dosis perlakuan memiliki kadar hemoglobin yang fluktuatif dan cenderung menurun hingga pada kondisi anemia. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak akar pasak bumi dosis 60 mg/kgbb tidak memiliki efek antimalaria, sedangkan dosis 75 mg/kgbb dan 90 mg/kgbb memiliki efek antimalaria namun kurang adekuat. Terapi dosis 90 mg/kgbb menunjukkan peningkatan densitas parasitemia hari ke-4 yang paling rendah dan persentase inhibisi parasitemia paling baik. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa terapi ekstrak akar pasak bumi kurang tepat digunakan sebagai terapi tunggal malaria;Resistance on malaria medication, for example klorokuin, underlie the study that aim to find alternative malaria treatment by using herbal potention from the nature of Indonesia. Herbal extract that had been proven in vivo experimental study that has antimalarial effect is Pasak bumi root (Eurycoma longifolia jack). This study is in vivo experimental study that giving Pasak bumi root extract by dose 60 mg/kgbw, 75 mg/kgbw, and 90 mg/kgbw to mice (Mus musculus) infected by Plasmodium berghei. The increase of parasitemia density in the 4th day of treatment by dose 60 mg/kgbw is higher than negative control, while treatment by dose 75 mg/kgbw and 90 mg/kgbw are lower than negative control, but the difference is not significant in statistic analysis. Reviewed from parasitemia inhibition persentage, treatment by dose 60 mg/kgbw has negative parasitemia inhibition persentage, while treatment by dose 75 mg/kgbw and 90 mg/kgbw have parasitemia inhibition persentage <50%. Reviewed from hemoglobin level, those treatment by three doses have fluctuative hemoglobin level and tend to be decreasing till reaching anemia. It shows that pasak bumi root extract by dose 60 mg/kgbw does not have antimalarial effect, while 75 mg/kgbw and 90 mg/kgbw have inadequate antimalarial effect. Treatment by dose 90 mg/kgbw shows the lowest increase of 4th day parasitemia density and the best parasitemia inhibition persentage. Thus, it could be concluded that pasak bumi root extract is not good enough to be used as single treatment of malaria, Resistance on malaria medication, for example klorokuin, underlie the study that aim to find alternative malaria treatment by using herbal potention from the nature of Indonesia. Herbal extract that had been proven in vivo experimental study that has antimalarial effect is Pasak bumi root (Eurycoma longifolia jack). This study is in vivo experimental study that giving Pasak bumi root extract by dose 60 mg/kgbw, 75 mg/kgbw, and 90 mg/kgbw to mice (Mus musculus) infected by Plasmodium berghei. The increase of parasitemia density in the 4th day of treatment by dose 60 mg/kgbw is higher than negative control, while treatment by dose 75 mg/kgbw and 90 mg/kgbw are lower than negative control, but the difference is not significant in statistic analysis. Reviewed from parasitemia inhibition persentage, treatment by dose 60 mg/kgbw has negative parasitemia inhibition persentage, while treatment by dose 75 mg/kgbw and 90 mg/kgbw have parasitemia inhibition persentage <50%. Reviewed from hemoglobin level, those treatment by three doses have fluctuative hemoglobin level and tend to be decreasing till reaching anemia. It shows that pasak bumi root extract by dose 60 mg/kgbw does not have antimalarial effect, while 75 mg/kgbw and 90 mg/kgbw have inadequate antimalarial effect. Treatment by dose 90 mg/kgbw shows the lowest increase of 4th day parasitemia density and the best parasitemia inhibition persentage. Thus, it could be concluded that pasak bumi root extract is not good enough to be used as single treatment of malaria]

Abstrak :
Infeksi malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih menjadi perhatian dunia karena meningkatnya resistensi terhadap obat standar malaria, yaitu ACT. Pada penelitian ini, ekstrak tumbuhan yang digunakan adalah pasak bumi dan propolis sebagai antimalaria. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek antimalaria pada kelompok tunggal propolis dan kelompok kombinasi propolis dengan ekstrak akar pasak bumi. Mencit yang digunakan sejumlah 35 ekor dan terbagi atas 6 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas dua kelompok kontrol, kelompok propolis tunggal dengan dosis 90 mg/kgBB dan 180 mg/kgBB dan kelompok kombinasi propolis dosis sama seperti tunggal dengan pasak bumi dosis 60 mg/kgBB dan 75 mg/kgBB. Plasmodium berghei 2 diinjeksikan pada setiap mencit dan dibuat apusan darahnya selama 8 hari untuk dilihat tingkat parasitemianya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kontrol positif dengan kedua kelompok kombinasi p=0,136 dan 0,289 . Akan tetapi pemberian kedua dosis kombinasi propolis dengan pasak bumi GI: 97,97 dan 97,83 jauh lebih baik dibandingkan penggunaan tunggal propolis. Kontrol positif GI: 98,63 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan propolis tunggal GI: 23,88 dan 51,66 . Perlakuan kombinasi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tunggal dalam menghambat parasitemia. ...... Malaria infection is still being a global concern because of the increasing resistance to standard drug malaria, Artemisinin Combination Therapy. In this research, plant extract, pasak bumi and propolis, was using as antimalarial. This study was conducted to find out antimalarial effect of single propolis and combination of propolis with pasak bumi root extract. Using 30 mice, the treatment group divided to 6 groups, consisted of two control groups, two groups of Single propolis with doses of 90 mg kgBW and 180 mg kgBW and two Combination groups of propolis doses same as Single propolis group with pasak bumi dose 60 mg kgBW and 75 mg kgBW. Plasmodium berghei 2 was injected in each mouse and made blood smear for 8 days to be seen parasitemia level. The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between positive control with the two Combination groups p 0.136 and 0.289 . However, the Combination group of propolis and pasak bumi GI 97.97 and 97.83 is much better than Single propolis group. Positive control GI 98.63 had a better outcomes than Single propolis group GI 23.88 and 51.66 . Combination group is better than Single propolis group in inhibiting parasitemia.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Malaria merupakan penyakit infeksi dengan prevalensi yang tinggi di Indonesia. Peningkatan resistensi terhadap pengobatan malaria telah ditemukan di beberapa negara untuk mengindikasikan bahwa penelitian dan pengembangan antimalaria baru sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan antimalaria alternatif, dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak tanaman herbal, yaitu Spirulina dan Pasak Bumi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang menguji pemberian Spirulina secara tunggal dan kombinasi dengan ekstrak akar Pasak Bumi terhadap mencit Mus musculus yang terinfeksi Plasmodium berghei. Dosis Spirulina yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 300 mg/kgBB dan 500 mg/kgBB sedangkan dosis ekstrak Pasak Bumi yang digunakan adalah 60 mg/kgBB dan 75 mg/kgBB. Pada semua kelompok perlakuan terjadi peningkatan tingkat parasitemia pada hari ke-4 dengan persentase inhibisi parasitemia yang negatif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Spirulina dosis 300 mg/kgBB dan 500 mg/kgBB dan ekstrak akar pasak bumi dosis 60 mg/kgBB dan 75 mg/kgBB tidak memiliki efek antimalaria, Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak Spirulina tunggal dan kombinasi Spirulina dengan ekstrak Pasak Bumi pada dosis di atas tidak efektif sebagai antimalaria.

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ABSTRACT
Malaria is an infectious disease with high prevalence in Indonesia. Increasing in resistance to malaria therapy has been observed in several countries to indicate that new antimalarial studies and development are needed. This study is aimed to find alternative antimalaria by using herbal plant extracts, namely Spirulina and Pasak Bumi. This study is an experimental study that tested the Spirulina administration singly and in combination with the extract of Pasak Bumi root to the mice Mus musculus infected with Plasmodium berghei. The dosage of Spirulina used in this study was 300 mg kgBW and 500 mg kgBW while the dosage of Pasak Bumi root extract was 60 mg kgBW and 75 mg kgBW. In all treatment groups, there was an increased level of parasitemia on day 4 with negative parasitemia inhibition percentage. It shows that Spirulina dose of 300 mg kgBW and 500 mg kg BW and Pasak Bumi root extract by dose 60 mg kgBB and 75 mg kgBW have no antimalarial effect. Thus, it can be concluded that administration of Spirulina singly and the combination of Spirulina and Pasak Bumi root extract are not effective as antimalaria.