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"Composited tile was made using marble particles, phenol resin and hcxamethy leneleiramine (HEXA) as the catalyst. The matrix and hardener of these materials were mixed on volume variation from 62.50 ml to 12?,()<) ml. and on variation of 25. 40 and 60 mesh. Samples were dried in a room temperature for 3 hours. The compressive strength and crystal structure were analysed. The results showed that compressive strength values were in range of 6.15 x I07 N/m" - 9.61 x Id7 N/n. and there were two crystal structures consisted of marble crystal and phenol crystal. The analysis was carried out by using the Rietveld semi quantitative analysis. The final crystal structure of marble is rhombothedral, where the lanice constants arc a h =- 4.969 A: c = 17.026 A. This results indicate that the composites and marble can he used to make tile, because they were lighter, stronger and the amount of crystals increases compared with the pure marble."

"Trimethololethane (TME) tryhydrate particle suspended in water is a proper substance for latent heat tranportation in cooling system,since it has high heat tranfer and thermal capacity....."

"Analysis of alfa emitted radionuclide deposition at respiratory tract via inhalation process under difference air-ventilation system at radiometallurgy intallation..."

"Remdesivir merupakan obat yang memberikan efek besar dalam menyembuhkan pasien yang terjangkit COVID-19, ketersediaan remdesivir di pasaran sangat terbatas dalam segi jumlah, bentuk sediaan hingga dosis. Terbatasnya dosis membuat adanya kesulitan dalam penyesuaian dosis, terutama pasien geriatri dan pediatri, sehingga banyak dosis obat yang akan terbuang karena obat remdesivir yamg telah direkonstitusi hanya stabil selama 4 jam pada suhu 25ºC. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat kestabilan obat remdesivir yang beredar di Indonesia secara fisik dan kimia pada penyimpanan dengan suhu 2-8 ºC selama 2 hari dan suhu -10 s/d 20ºC selama 44 hari. Parameter stabilitas secara fisik diantaranya dilakukan uji pH, bobot jenis, viskositas, ukuran partikel dan potensial zeta, parameter secara kimia dilakukan uji penetapan kadar menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Hasil yang diperoleh selama penyimpanan 48 jam pada suhu 2-8ºC memberikan hasil yang stabil secara fisika ditinjau dari pH dan ukuran partikel, namun belum dapat dibuktikan stabil secara kimia ditinjau dari kadarnya. Untuk penyimpanan suhu -10 s/d -20 ºC selama 44 hari tidak memperlihatkan kestabilan yang baik secara fisik maupun kimia karena parameter fisika maupun kimia tidak dapat bertahan selama masa penyimpanan.

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Remdesivir is a drug that has a great effect in curing patients infected with COVID-19, the availability of remdesivir on the market is very limited in terms of quantity, dosage form and dosage. Since the drug's limited dose makes it difficult to change the dosage, particularly for elderly and pediatric patients, many doses of the medication will be squandered. Remdesivir, when reconstituted, is only stable for four hours at 25°C. The goal of this study was to assess the physical and chemical stability of remdesivir, which was circulating in Indonesia at temperatures of 2–8 C for 2 days and –10–20 C for 44 days. Particle size, pH, specific gravity, viscosity, and zeta potential were assessed for physical stability characteristics, while high performance liquid chromatography was used to measure chemical stability parameters. Physically stable results were obtained for pH and particle size after 48 hours of storage at a temperature between 2 and 8 oC, but chemical stability for levels was not established. Because the physical and chemical characteristics could not endure the 44-day storage period, storage at -10 to -20 C did not demonstrate good physical or chemical stability."

"Negara Indonesia banyak memiliki gunung berapi yang masih aktif dan yang sudah tidak aktif lagi di daerah-daerah sekitar pegunungan tersebut banyak terdapat deposit mineral dalam jumlah yang cukup besar yang dapat dimanfaatkan, seperti zeolit. Pada penelitian ini zeolit akan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar pembuat membran keramik. Membran yang Ielah banyak digunakan pada masa sekarang ini terbuat dari polimer yang kurang efektif bila digunakan pada suhu yang cukup tinggi sehingga diperlukan suatu alternative seperti membrane keramik ini. Zeolit yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuat membran keramik ini harus memiliki beberapa sifat.fisik dan sifat mekanis yang tertentu sehingga menunjang dalam aplikasinya digunakankan sebagai membran. Pembuatan membran ini menggunakan teknologi serbuk yang cukup sederhana dengan menggunakan variasi distribusi ukuran parlikel yang cukup seragam (narrow particle size distribution) untuk ukuran mesh 80, 100 dan 120 yang didapat melalui proses pengayakan (sieving). Teknologi serbuk yang digunakan antara lain adalah pengayakan untuk mendapatkan ukuran partikel yang seragam, kompaksi dengan beban penekanan 10,2 ton dan proses sintering pada suhu 11 00 ℃ selama 2 jam untuk mendapatkan kekuatan dan sifat fisik yang tinggi sampel prototipe membran keramik.Untuk mengetahui sifat fisiknya dilakukan pengujian porositas dan hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah kecenderungan berkurangnya porositas mulai dari 43% menjadi 42% dan 30% dengan bertambah halusnya ukuran butir (bertambahnya ukuran mesa). Sedangkan sifat mekanis yang ingin diketahui adalah dengan melakukan pengujian kekerasan dimana hasilnya adalah terjadi peningkatan kekerasan yaitu 23 VHN mejadi 24 VHN dan 27 VHN seiring dengan bertambah halusnya ukuran partikel dan peningkatan densitas mulai dari 1,302 gr/cm3 sampai 1,596 gr/cm3 dari sampel uji pembuat membran keramik dalam suatu distribusi ukuran partikel yang seragam. Dari hasil di atas terlihat terbukanya kesempatan yang besar untuk zeolite sebagai bahan pengganti pembuat membrane yang selama ini sudah ada, namun masih diperlukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam mengenai hal ini."

"Limbah elektronik dapat didefinisikan sebagai bagian atau secara keseluruhan dari peralatan listrik atau elektronik apa pun yang dibuang oleh pengguna akhir sebagai limbah, serta sampah dari tahap produksi dan restorasi. Semakin berkembangnya teknologi, penggunaan barang elektronik ikut bertambah karena akan selalu ada produk baru dari waktu ke waktu. Hal ini diikuti dengan pertambahan limbah elektronik. Dengan banyaknya jumlah limbah elektronik tersebut maka diperlukan pengelolaan limbah yang optimal. Salah satu solusi untuk memanfaatkan limbah elektronik adalah pemanfaatan limbah PCB yang digunakan sebagai material untuk aplikasi termal di industri. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pembuatan partikel dengan bahan PCB menggunakan proses shaker mill (high energy milling) dengan metode dry milling. Dilakukan variasi waktu untuk menganalisis pengaruh waktu milling terhadap ukuran partikel PCB dan perilaku partikel saat proses milling selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam. Setelah milling dilakukan pengujian ukuran dan distribusi partikel menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer, hasil ukuran partikel terkecil yang didapat adalah 535,8 d.nm dengan polydispersity index 0,4966 menggunakan waktu milling selama 3 jam.

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E-waste can be defined as part or all of any electrical or electronic equipment discarded by end users as waste, as well as waste from the production and recovery stages. As technology develops, the use of electronic items also increases because there will always be new products from time to time. This is followed by the addition of electronic waste. With so much electronic waste, optimal waste management is needed. One solution for utilizing electronic waste is the use of PCB waste which is used as material for thermal applications in industry. In this research, particles were made using PCB material using a shaker mill (high energy milling) process using the dry milling method. Time variations were carried out to analyze the effect of milling time on PCB particle size and particle behavior during the milling process for 1, 2, and 3 hours. After milling, particle size and distribution testing was carried out using a Particle Size Analyzer, the smallest particle size results obtained were 535.8 d.nm with a polydispersity index of 0.4966 using a milling time of 3 hours.

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"Kurkumin, senyawa polifenol hidrofobik dari rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa) memiliki aktivitas farmakologi yang luas. Bioavailabilitas kurkumin yang rendah menyebabkan pemanfaatannya masih belum maksimal. Dendrimer Poliamidoamin Generasi 4 (PAMAM G4) yang merupakan polimer unik bercabang, berukuran nanometer, monodisper, dan mampu menjerap molekul asing ke dalamnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pembawa nanopartikel kurkumin untuk meningkatkan kestabilannya. Pada penelitian ini akan dibuat nanopartikel kurkumin menggunakan Polimer Dendrimer PAMAM G4 sebagai pembawanya dengan rasio Kurkumin : Dendrimer (50:25)μM dan diuji kestabilanya dalam lingkungan in vitro. Nanopartikel-Kurkumin-Dendrimer PAMAM G4 (NP-KD) dimurnikan menggunakan sentrifugasi ultrafiltrasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan TEM, PSA, Zetasizer, dan FTIR. Kestabilan dan efisiensi penjerapan ditetapkan secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Stabilitas Nanopartikel Kurkumin-Dendrimer PAMAM G4 secara in vitro dilakukan pengamatan setiap hari selama 10 hari dengan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa NP-KD memiliki bentuk sferis dengan diameter partikel 53,9±65,55 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,468±0,04, potensial zeta -68,505±1,845 mV. Hasil uji stabilitas NP-KD secara in vitro selama 10 hari menunjukan bahwa NP-KD stabil di dalam dapar pH 3,0 ; kurang stabil dalam Aquabides; Dapar pH 7,4; Dapar pH 11,0; NaCl 0,35%; NaCl 0,5%; NaCl 0,9%; dan tidak stabil dalam Sistein 1%; dan Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) 2%. Hasil pengukuran NP-KD dalam dapar pH 3,0 setelah uji stabilitas menunjukan diameter partikel yang tetap stabil pada 45,97±13,08 nm dan memiliki nilai indeks polidispersitas 0,364±0,03. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukan bahwa NP-KD stabil pada pH asam.

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Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa) has a wide pharmacological activities. Low bioavailability of curcumin caused the under-developed utilization. Polyamidoamine Generation 4 (PAMAM G4) dendrimer is unique branched polymer , nano-sized, monodisperse, and has ability to entrap guest molecules so it can be used as ideal carrier systems to improve stability of curcumin nanoparticles. In this study, will be prepared and studies in vitro of curcumin nanoparticles with dendrimer PAMAM G4 as a carrier with ratio curcumin : dendrimer (50:25)μM. Nanocurcumin were purified by ultrafiltration centrifugation method and characterizated by TEM, PSA, Zetasizer and FTIR. The result showed that the spherical nanocurcumin have a particle size of 53,9±65,55 nm, polydisperisty index 0,468±0,04, and zeta potential -68,505±1,845 mV. Stability test result of nanocurcumin in 10 days showed that nanocurcumin were stable in buffer solution pH 3,0, almost stable in Aquabidest; buffer solution 7,4 and 11,0 ; NaCl solution 0,35%; 0,5% and 0,9% and unstable in cystein solution 1% and Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) 2%. Particle measurement results after in vitro studies of nanocurcumin in buffer solution pH 3,0 after stability showed the particle was stable in 45,97±13,08 nm and polydispersity index was 0,364±0,03. Thus, these result nanocurcumin stable in acid solution."

"Barium strontium titanate (BST) or Ba1-xSrxTiO3 with x=0-1 possesses superior dielectric properties, which are widely used in many applications like in communication technology, electronic instrumentations, and various electrical devices. In this paper, the characterization of the particle and crystallite size of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) is described. A two-step refinement commenced: first by mechanical milling, and then a further refinement under ultrasonic irradiation in a high power sonicator was applied to Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) particles. The crystalline powders were obtained through mechanically alloyed standard research grade BaCO3, TiO2, and SrCO3 precursors in a planetary ball mill.The powders were first found heavily deformed after 60 hours of milling and then went through a sintering process at 1200°C for 4 hours to form multicrystallite particles. The presence of a single phase in the three samples was solidly confirmed in their respective X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The changes of multicrystallite particles into monocrystallite particles were obtained only after crystalline powders were irradiated ultrasonically in a high power sonicator. The processing variable during ultrasonic irradiation was limited to the duration time of irradiation and particle concentration in the exposed media. It is shown that the average sizes of BST particles at x=0; 0.3; 0.7 before ultrasonic irradiation were 353, 348, and 385 nm, respectively. These respective sizes decreased drastically to 52, 35, and 49 nm, respectively, after 12 hours of ultrasonic irradiation. These particle sizes are almost identical with that of their crystallite size. Hence, the synthesis of monocrystallite particles has been achieved. As the particle concentration of media takes effect, it is shown that an exposed media with a higher particle concentration tends to form multicrystallite particles."

"Barium strontium titanate (BST) or Ba1-xSrxTiO3 with x=0-1 possesses superior dielectric properties, which are widely used in many applications like in communication technology, electronic instrumentations, and various electrical devices. In this paper, the characterization of the particle and crystallite size of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) is described. A two-step refinement commenced: first by mechanical milling, and then a further refinement under ultrasonic irradiation in a high power sonicator was applied to Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) particles. The crystalline powders were obtained through mechanically alloyed standard research grade BaCO3, TiO2, and SrCO3 precursors in a planetary ball mill.The powders were first found heavily deformed after 60 hours of milling and then went through a sintering process at 1200°C for 4 hours to form multicrystallite particles. The presence of a single phase in the three samples was solidly confirmed in their respective X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The changes of multicrystallite particles into monocrystallite particles were obtained only after crystalline powders were irradiated ultrasonically in a high power sonicator. The processing variable during ultrasonic irradiation was limited to the duration time of irradiation and particle concentration in the exposed media. It is shown that the average sizes of BST particles at x=0; 0.3; 0.7 before ultrasonic irradiation were 353, 348, and 385 nm, respectively. These respective sizes decreased drastically to 52, 35, and 49 nm, respectively, after 12 hours of ultrasonic irradiation. These particle sizes are almost identical with that of their crystallite size. Hence, the synthesis of monocrystallite particles has been achieved. As the particle concentration of media takes effect, it is shown that an exposed media with a higher particle concentration tends to form multicrystallite particles."

"PT. Takeda Indonesia adalah salah satu perusahaan milik asing yang bergerak dalam bidang farmasi. Peraturan BPOM No. 17 Tahun 2019 tentang Persyaratan Mutu Suplemen Kesehatan membuat PT. Takeda Indonesia mengubah formulasi dari produk utamanya, yakni Vitacimin. Pada saat dilakukan validasi terhadap reformulasi tablet ditemukan adanya perubahan warna pada granul dan terjadinya melting dan mottling pada tablet. Hasil investigasi menemukan adanya kekurangan indikator proses pengeringan pada mesin fluid bed dryer sehingga ditambahkan sensor relative humidity, sensor air flow, dan sensor temperatur produk pada mesin agar granul dapat dihasilkan secara konsisten. Analisa perlu dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh antara parameter proses pengeringan dengan granul yang telah dikeringkan oleh fluid bed dryer. Granul yang telah dikeringkan pada saat validasi proses dilakukan pengukuran LOD (Loss on Drying), PSD (Particle Size Distribution), dan Bulk & Tap Density. Ditemukan bahwa penambahan sensor pada mesin fluid bed dryer dapat memungkinkan operator untuk memantau perubahan kelembaban, laju alir udara, dan suhu pada dalam mesin fluid bed dryer. Granul yang dikeringkan selama validasi proses menunjukkan granul pada sebagian besar batch tidak kering secara merata, ukuran granul paling banyak berukuran ≤ 150 μm, dan granul memiliki laju alir yang baik. Kurang meratanya pengeringan pada granul dikarenakan kelembaban udara yang masuk pada mesin dapat mencapai 81, 8% sehingga perlu adanya pengaturan kelembaban udara yang masukke dalam mesin fluid bed dryer.

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PT. Takeda Indonesia is a foreign-owned company engaged in the pharmaceutical sector. BPOM Regulation No. 17 of 2019 concerning Health Supplement Quality Requirements made PT. Takeda Indonesia changed the formulation of its main product, namely Vitacimin. During the validation of the tablet reformulation, it was found that there was a change in the color of the granule and the there is an occurrence of melting and mottling of the tablet. The results of the investigation found a lack of drying process indicators on the fluid bed dryer machine so that relative humidity sensors, airflow sensors, and product temperature sensors were added to the machine so granules could be produced consistently. An analysis needs to be carried out to see the effect between the parameters of the drying process and the granules that have been dried by a fluid bed dryer. Granules that have been dried during the validation process are measured for LOD (Loss on Drying), PSD (Particle Size Distribution), and Bulk & Tap Density. It was found that the addition of sensors to the fluid bed dryer machine can enable the operator to monitor changes in humidity, air flow rate, and temperature in the fluid bed dryer machine. Granules that were dried during process validation showed that the granules in most of the batches were not evenly dried, the most granule sizes were ≤ 150 μm, and the granules had good flow ability. The uneven drying of the granules is due to the humidity of the air entering the machine which can reach 81.8% so it is necessary to regulate the humidity of the air entering the fluid bed dryer machine."