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"Perilaku pengasuhan orangutan kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus) menjadi gambaran adanya interaksi antara orangutan induk dan anaknya. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pola perilaku pengasuhan orangutan kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka. Peralihan habitat dari alam ke kebun binatang dapat menyebabkan perubahan perilaku salah satunya perilaku pengasuhan. Perilaku pengasuhan menjadi bagian terpenting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan orangutan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati dan menganalisis pola perilaku pengasuhan orangutan kalimantan, sehingga orangutan dapat berperilaku secara alami dan orangutan anak dapat diasuh dengan baik. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu satu orangutan induk (Mony) dan satu orangutan anak (Hope). Metode yang digunakan yaitu focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat pola pengasuhan yang terbentuk, yaitu breastfeeding, grooming, following, food sharing, protection, carried, playing, no food sharing, dan aggression. Perilaku pengasuhan tertinggi yaitu perilaku breastfeeding (32,60%), sedangkan perilaku terendah yaitu perilaku no food sharing dan aggression (0%). Pengaruh keberadaan pengunjung membuat perilaku pengasuhan yang muncul memiliki perbedaan, seperti ketika ramai pengunjung perilaku yang mendominasi (following), sedangkan ketika sepi pengunjung perilaku yang mendominasi (breastfeeding). Kesejahteraan orangutan kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka, Yogyakarta termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik dengan nilai rata-rata 85,20. Perilaku pengasuhan yang diberikan orangutan induk sesuai dengan kondisi anaknya dimana masih usia yang belum disapih. Selain itu, terdapat pengaruh keberadaan pengunjung terhadap beberapa perilaku pengasuhan yang muncul pada orangutan kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka.

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Parenting behavior of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) becomes an overview of interactions between parent orangutans and their children. A study regarding the parenting behavior of Bornean orangutans in Gembira Loka Zoo has been conducted. Habitat transition from nature to the zoo can cause changes in behavior, one of which is parenting behavior. Parenting behavior becomes the most important part of the growth and development of baby orangutans. Therefore, this study aims to observe and analyze the parenting behavior of Bornean orangutans, so that orangutans can behave naturally and baby orangutans can be well cared for. The subjects of the study were one parent orangutan (Mony) and one baby orangutan (Hope). Methods used were focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. Based on the results of the study, the parenting behaviors formed were breastfeeding, grooming, following, food sharing, protection, carried, playing, no food sharing, and aggression. The highest parenting behavior was breastfeeding (32,60%), while one lowest parenting behavior was no food sharing and aggression (0%). The influence of visitors made parenting behavior different. When there were many visitors, the dominating behavior was following, while when there were no visitors, the dominating behavior was breastfeeding. The welfare of Bornean orangutans in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta is included in a very good category with an average score of 85,20. The parenting behavior given by parent orangutans is in accordance with the babies’ conditions, which are not weaned yet. Moreover, there is an influence of visitors on some parenting behavior that appear in Bornean orangutans in Gembira Loka Zoo."

"Kondisi di penangkaran berbeda dengan kondisi di habitat alami. Hal tersebut dapat memengaruhi perilaku, salah satunya ialah perilaku pengasuhan. Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pengasuhan monyet hitam sulawesi Macaca nigra di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari tiga individu yaitu induk betina, induk jantan dan anak. Pengambilan data perilaku pengasuhan M. nigra menggunakan metode focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling dengan interval waktu 10 menit tanpa jeda selama 25 hari dengan total waktu pengamatan 7500 menit. Pengamatan dilakukan selama lima hari dalam satu minggu. Waktu pengamatan dalam satu hari dimulai dari pukul 09.00--15.00 WIB. Perilaku pengasuhan yang teramati meliputi perilaku menggendong, menelisik, mendekat, istirahat, bergerak, kontak tubuh, menyusui dan penolakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk betina mendominasi perilaku pengasuhan, sementara induk jantan hanya melakukan perilaku penolakan. Rerata persentase perilaku pengasuhan tertinggi yang dilakukan induk yaitu menggendong 29,45 10,97 dan terendah yaitu perilaku penolakan 0,12 0,21.

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Conditions in captivity are different from those in natural habitats. It can affect animal behavior, one of them is parenting behavior. Research has been conducted to know the parenting behavior of celebes black macaques Macaca nigra in Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Subject of the study consists of three individuals, female parent, male parent and infant. Data of parenting behavior of M. nigra is collected using focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods with 10 minutes interval without interlude for 25 days with a total time of 7500 minutes. Observations were made five days a week. Observation time in one day starting from 09 00 to 15 00 pm. Parenting activities observed include cradling, allogrooming, approaching, resting, moving, body contact, nipple contact and rejection. The results show that the female parent dominates parenting behavior, while the male parent only show rejecting behavior. The highest percentage of parenting behaviors performed by the parent was cradling 29,45 10,97 and the lowest was rejection behavior 0,12 0,21."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tiga tipe career specific parenting behavior (support, interference, dan lack of engagement) sebagai moderator pengaruh job insecurity orang tua terhadap career decision self-efficacy mahasiswa. Mahasiswa tingkat akhir (18-22 tahun) dan ayahnya (N = 55) mengisi kuesioner yang berbeda. Mahasiswa mengisi kuesioner yang mengukur persepsi career specific parenting behavior dan career decision self-efficacy; ayah mengisi kuesioner job insecurity. Uji moderator dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis sequential multiple regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga tipe career specific parenting behavior tidak memoderasi pengaruh job insecurity orang tua terhadap career deicision self-efficacy. Dengan demikian penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tiga tipe career specific parenting behavior tidak memperkuat atau memperlemah pengaruh job insecurity orang tua terhadap career decision self-efficacy.

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The objective of this study is to examine that three types of career specific parenting behavior (support, interference, and lack of engagement) moderate the effect of parental job insecurity on career decision self-efficacy. Students (18-22 years old) and their father (N = 55) filled in the different questionnaire. Perceived career specific parenting behavior was assessed on students; parental job insecurity was assessed on father. To measure moderation effect, this study was using sequential multiple regression.

The result showed that three types of career specific parenting behavior was not moderating the effect of parental job insecurity to career decision self-efficacy. Therefore this research showed that three types of career specific parenting behavior do not strengthen or weaken the effect of parental job insecurity on career decision self-efficacy."