Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Karotenoid adalah pigmen alami tidak larut air yang terkenal karena bersifat antioksidan dan merupakan prekursor vitamin A. Beta-karotena merupakan provitamin A terbaik yang umum digunakan dalam industri sebagai pigmen oranye-merah untuk membuat berbagai produk makanan. Pada penelitian ini beta-karotena diekstraksi dari mikroalga dengan jenis spirulina yang ditumbuhkan pada media zarrouk dengan penambahan limbah sawit dalam berbagai persentase. Kandungan karotenoid dalam mikroalga diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol, metanol, heksana, dan diklorometana. Berdasarkan hasil FESEM, terdapat perubahan ukuran granula pada mikroalga yang ditumbuhkan dalam variasi persentase limbah sawit (POME) sebagai media. Diklorometana merupakan pelarut ekstraksi terbaik berdasarkan hasil penentuan kadar beta-karotena dengan spektrofotometer Vis. Persentase limbah sawit dalam media berbanding terbalik dengan kadar beta-karoten dalam mikroalga. Limbah sawit pada media mikroalga menghambat pembentukan pigmen dan menurunkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak, berdasarkan metode DPPH. ......Carotenoids are natural, insoluble pigments that are famous for their antioxidant properties and are precursors of vitamin A. Beta-carotene is the best pro-vitamin A which is commonly used in industry as an orange-red pigment to make various food products. In this study, beta-carotene was extracted from microalgae, spirulina, grown in zarrouk media with the addition of palm oil waste in various percentages. Carotenoid content in microalgae was extracted using the maceration method with ethanol, methanol, hexane and dichloromethane solvents. Based on FESEM results, there were changes in microalgae granule size that grown in variety percentages of palm oil waste (POME) as medium. Dichloromethane was the best extraction solvent based on the results of determining beta- carotene content using a Vis spectrophotometer. The percentage of palm waste in the media was inversely proportional to the beta-carotene content in microalgae. Palm waste in microalgae medium inhibits pigment formation and reduces antioxidant activity, based on the DPPH method.

Abstrak :
Interest in using biomass energy as an alternative to fossil fuels has advanced in recent years. This study aimed to assess the effects of torrefaction on the quality of pyrolysis products. Oil palm biomass, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fiber (MF) and palm kernel shell (PKS) were either untreated (untorrefied) or torrefied (treated), and subsequently pyrolyzed. The experiment’s conditions for torrefaction were set to be a 220°C temperature, a 10°C/min heating rate, and 30 minutes holding time, and for pyrolysis they were set to a 650°C temperature, 20°C/min heating rate and 2 hours holding time. The nitrogen flow rate of 2L/min was maintained for both experiments. The results revealed that the torrefaction pretreatment improved the heating value of the torrefied biomass to 18–21 MJkg-1 from the previous value of 16–19 MJkg-1 for the untorrefied biomass. During torrefaction, the PKS showed a high solid yield of 95% due to high lignin content. The higher heating value (HHV) of the biochar and bio-oil derived from untorrefied and torrefied biomass were between 26–30 MJkg-1 and 16–17 MJkg-1 for the former, and 28–31 MJkg-1, and 17–20 MJkg-1 for the latter. The maximum HHV of 31.2 MJkg-1 was obtained from torrefied PKS biochar. The pyrolysis of torrefied biomass gave higher quality biochar and bio-oil compared to untorrefied biomass. The bio-oil acquired from the pyrolysis of the torrefied sample is less acidic and has a higher calorific value in comparison with the bio-oil obtained from the untorrefied sample. MF and PKS have demonstrated a superior outcome after torrefaction. In this way, the PKS and MF were identified as better biomass for torrefaction and pyrolysis compared to EFB.