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"Palm Kernel Meal is solid waste from Palm Oil extraction (Ng, 2003). Akubuo & Eje (2002) reported that mechanical extraction produced Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) dan Palm Kernel Meal (PKM). Perez (1997) mentioned that Palm Kernel Meal contains rich arginin, leusin, and sistein matters. Hem et al., (2008), utilizing Palm Kernel Meal pass through bioconversion process for developing larvae Hermetia illucens L. as alternative natural feedstuff in aquaculture industry. Macromolecule composition of Palm Kernel Meal like cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin can be degrade to be simply compound and can be used by another organism like larvae Hermetia illucens L. in bioconversion process. Bioconversion Palm Kernel Meal for feedstuff nutrition consist with microorganism assistance. Suharyanto et al., (2006) define bioconversion as a certain biological process which involving microorganism or enzyme that can change organic matters. Slime molds have great play role in process reduction macromolecule composition of Palm Kernel Meal. Molds have enzyme which can reduce cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin become more simple compound. Study about fermentation fungi already been done through isolation, identification, and fungi screening. However, only a few study about fungi related consist in process bioconversion Palm Kernel Meal reported in Indonesia. This study consist of two part. First part describes the isolation, identification, and growth screening fungi from bioconversion Palm Kernel Meal. Second part of this study describes the fermentation Palm Kernel Meal by selected indigenous fungi. The selected indigenous fungi obtained from result of the first part. The fermentation result included ash matters, crude fiber, crude protein and dry matters experiment. The study was carried out at the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) Laboratory, Depok and the Laboratory of Microbiology, Departement of Biology, UI, Depok during April?Oktober 2009. The isolation of fungi was conducted with spread methods on Potato Dectrose Agar (PDA). Identification of the isolates was carried out on Potato Dectrose Agar (PDA), Czapeck Dox Agar (CDA), and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) based on macroscopic and microscopic morphological observation of the colonies. The Mimura agar (MA) was used for growth fungi screening. The isolation resulted in 15 representative isolates consisting of 4 group of fungi (Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium, and Geotrichum). Based on 7 days periods of fermentation processing, Mucor groups had the highest frequency distribution and Geotrichum had the highest quantity. After the growth fungi screening, 4 isolates (P3, P4, P10, P15) was selected for futher study in part II. Microscopic identification showed P3 (Penicillium chrysogenum), P4 (Mucor racemosus), P10 (Aspergillus flavus), and P15 (Geotrichum candidum). Mucor racemosus was the most wide diameter colony on Mimura agar?MA (9 cm) comparing to other isolates. These selected fungi was used for fermentation of Palm Kernel Meal as inoculant. After process bioconversion which fermented was done, proximate analysis were carried out to examine crude protein, crude fiber, ash matters, and dry matters. Ng (2003) methods was used for this Palm Kernel Meal fermentation and Hart & Fisher (1971) was used for proximate analysis. The results after 7 days fermentation showed that the increased nutrition of crude protein composition of Palm Kernel Meal fermented by fungus Aspergillus flavus (1,33%), Geotrichum candidum (5,90%), Mucor racemosus (0,29%), and Penicillium chrysogenum (12,09%). The increased crude fiber contains fermented by Aspergillus flavus (3,03%), Geotrichum candidum (1,93%), Mucor racemosus (4,32%), and Penicillium chrysogenum (14,11%). Chemical cellulose structure and fungi species influence the difference percentage of crude protein and crude fiber. Chemical cellulose structure which amorf shape was more easy to degrade better than crystal shape. Fungi species have difference complexity enzymes (cellulose, hemicellulose, ligninase) and optimum growth level. High oil that can blocked the optimum growth of fungi and raising temperature matter that have involved in aeration and water activity alteration were another influence factor that have made difference percentage of crude protein and crude fiber."

"“This engaged and vital edited volume brings together the varied viewpoints of academics, consultants and activists all concerned with the astonishing expansion of palm oil as a globally traded commodity. It reveals how this complex, contested and controversial expression of globalization transcends narrow national and sectoral interests, stimulating a transnational exchange of goods, capital and labour, as well as laws, norms, values and even understanding. Compelling, readable and insightful, the study shows that corporate responses to civil societys concerns about palm oils role in global warming, human rights abuses, land grabbing and biodiversity loss, now need to be complemented by legal, regulatory and governance reforms to be effective.” Marcus Colchester, Director, Forest Peoples Programme"

"Tree coconut is all purpose start from bar,root,leaf,flower up to the fruit of can be exploited [by] for the sake of human life. West Sumatera specially Sub Province and Town Pariah is one of [the] coconut crop sentra [in] Sumatra..."

"Indonesia memiliki potensi CPO yang sangat besar. Salah satu solusi menghadapi krisis BBM serta permasalahan kualitas udara akibat emisi adalah pemanfaatan CPO sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Telah dilakukan analisis life cycle biodiesel berbahan baku CPO di Indonesia tahun 2010 dengan model di kota Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, dan Surabaya. Analisis life cycle dibatasi pada proses transportasi CPO, produksi biodiesel, transportasi biodiesel, dan transportasi campuran biodiesel (B- 5); sehingga diperoleh data efisiensi energi life cycle dan rasio energi fosil (REF).Untuk menghitung nilai REF dibuat tiga model: (1) transportasi CPO, produksi biodiesel, transportasi biodisel dan transportasi B-5 menggunakan bahan bakar 100% solar (B-0); (2) transportasi CPO, produksi biodiesel, transportasi biodisel dan transportasi B-5 menggunakan bahan bakar campuran 95% solar dan 5% biodiesel (B-5); dan (3) transportasi CPO, transportasi biodisel dan transportasi B-5 menggunakan bahan bakar B-5, sedangkan produksi biodiesel menggunakan 100% biodiesel (B-100).Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi energi life cycle paling tinggi diperoleh di Bandung (33%), diikuti oleh Jakarta (32%), Medan (26%), dan Surabaya (21%). Secara keseluruhan (nasional) energi efisiensi life cycle adalah 27%. Dari ketiga model yang digunakan pada umumnya nilai REF < 1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel adalah bahan bakar non renewable . Nilai REF>1 yang berarti biodiesel renewable ditunjukkan pada model 3 di wilayah Jakarta dan Bandung, masing masing 1,19 dan 1,89.

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Indonesia has very big potential of Palm Oil (CPO). Use the palm oil biodiesel as fuel is a solution for fosil fuel crisis and air pollution because of emission problem.Life cycle analysis (LCA) of palm oil biodiesel in Indonesia at 2010 was studiedn with models of Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya s case. Scope of LCA studies are CPO transportation, biodiesel production, biodiesel transportation, and biodiesel mix (B-5); to get the energy efficiency life cycle models and fosil energy ratio (FER).There are three models to count FER value: (1) CPO transportation, biodiesel production, biodiesel transportation and B-5 transportation process used 100% fosil fuel (B-0); (2) CPO transportation, biodiesel production, biodiesel transportation and B-5 transportation process used mixed fuel of 95% fosil diesel oil and 5% biodiesel (B-5); and (3) CPO transportation biodiesel transportation and B- 5 transportation process used B-5, biodiesel production process used 100% biodiesel fuel (B-100).Result of simulation showed the highest energy efficiency life cycle was in Bandung (33%), followed by Jakarta (32%), Medan (26%), and Surabaya (21%). From the three models, usually FER value <1 or palm oil biodiesel is non renewable fuel. FER value >1 mean palm oil biodiesel is renewable fuel showed by third model for Jakarta and Bandung, each 1,19 and 1,89."

"ABSTRAKdermatoglifi merupakan pengetahuan mengenai bentuk dan pola sulur kulit pada ujung jari tangan, telapak tangan, ujung jari kaki. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan analisis dermatoglifi secara kulitatif dan secara kuantitatif untuk melihat adanya perbedaan dermatoglifi ujung jari tangan antara penderita dermatitis atopic dengan kelompok orang normal. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencetak dermatoglifi ujung jari tangan adalah seperti yang dilakukan oleh Cummins & Midlo. Hasil analisis dermatoglifi ujung jari tangan penderita dermatitis atopic menunjukan frekuensi tipe pola whorl 32, 33%; loop radial 4,33%; dan arch 3%; dengan indeks Dankmeijer 9,29 dan indeks Furuhata 50. Sedangkan pada orang normal frekuensi tipe pola whorl 46, 67%; loop ulna 51,33%; loop radial 1,33%; dan arch 0,67%; dengan indeks Dankmeijer 1,44 dan indeks Furuhata 88,63. Rata-rata jumlah total triradius pada penderita dermatitis optic 12,90; sedangkan pada orang normal 14,67. Rata-rata jumlah semua sulur pada penderita dermatitis atopic 134,70; sedangkan pada orang normal 162,03. Hasil uji chi-kuadrat terhadap frekuensi pola pada ujung jari kedua tangan penderita dermatitis atopic dengan normal menunjukan adanya perbedaan bermakn; hasil uji t-student terhadap jumlah total triradius pada ujung jari tangan penderita dermatitis atopic dan orang menunjukan adanya perbedaan; dan hasil uji mann-whitney terhadap jumlah semua sulur pada ujung jari tangan penderita dermatitis atopic dengan normal menunjukan adanya perbedaan, kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dermatologlifi ujung jari tangan penderita dermatitis atopic berbeda dengan dermatoglifi ujung jari tangan orang normal.ABSTRACT"

"ABSTRAKDermatoglifi adalah gambaran dari sulur dan pola sulur yang terdapat pada jari tangan, telapak tangan, jari kaki, dan telapak kaki. Telah dilakukan analisis dermatoglifi terhadap anak laki-laki penderita thalassaemia untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan antara dermatoglifi anak laki-laki penderita thalassaermia dengan dermatoglifi pria non-thalassaema. Metode pencetakan dermatoglifi ujung jari dan telapak tangan dilakukan menurut Cummins dan Midlo. Hasil analisis dermatoglif anak laki-laki pendenita thalassaeniia menunjukkan frekuensi pola "whorl" 27,5%, "loop" ulna 67,5%, "loop" radial 2,5%, dan "arch" 2,5%, dengan indeks Dankmeijer 9,1 dan indeks Furuhata 39,3; sedangkan pada pria non-thalassaemia frekuensi pola "whorl" 41,9%, "loop" ulna 53,3%, "loop" radial 1,6%, dan "arch" 1,3%, dengan indeks Dankmeijer 3,1 dan indeks Furuhata 73,6. Jumlah total triradius pada ujung jari tangan anak laki-laki penderita thalassaemia 12,63; sedangkan pada pria non-thalassaemia 14,09. Jumlah semua sulur pada anak laki-laki penderita thalassaemia adalah 1 29,59; sedangkan pada pnia non-thalassaemia 152,76. Pada anak laki-laki penderita thalassaemia, besar sudut atd di kedua telapak tangan 83,06 derajat; sedangkan pada pria non-thalassaernja sebesar 79,69 derajat. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah; 1) Dermatoglifi ujung jar tangan anak laki-laki penderita thalassaemia berbeda dengan dermatoglifi ujung jari tangan pria nonthalassaernia; (2) Besar sudut atd pada telapak tangan anak laki-laki penderita thalassaemia tidak menunjukkan perbedaan dengan besar sudut atd pada telapak tangan pnia non-thaiassaemia,ABSTRACT"