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"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Celah palatum merupakan salah satu kelainan kraniofasial kongenital yang sering terjadi. Otitis Media Efusi (OME) merupakan kelainan telinga tengah yang sering terjadi pada pasien celah palatum. Angka kejadian OME dikatakan hampir terjadi 90% pada pasien dengan celah palatum. Timpanometri telah dikenal sebagai salah satu alat yang cepat, aman, non invasif dan mudah untuk menilai keadaan telinga tengah secara kualitatif kuantitatif. Studi mengenai keadaan telinga tengah pada pasien celah palatum telah dilakukan menggunakan timpanometri, akan tetapi sampai saat ini belum pernah dilaporkan penelitian mengenai gambaran timpanogram pada pasien celah palatum berdasarkan nilai kuantitatif timpanometri Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran timpanogram pada anak usia 6 bulan -7 tahun dengan celah palatum. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan tiga puluh pasien (17 laki-laki, 13 perempuan) celah palatum menurut klasifikasi veau, rentang usia 6 bulan – 7 tahun (nilai median 26,5(7-48) bulan) dilakukan pemeriksaan timpanometri menggunakan timpanometer 226 Hz dan dinilai berdasarkan klasifikasi Jerger-Liden. Hasil : Terdapat 58 dengan gambaran timpanogram tipe B sebanyak 70,7%. Nilai kuantitatif timpanometri yaitu nilai SAA (0,1-0,2) cm3 ,nilai TPP (-197,2-(-146,8)) daPa, nilai Vec (0.5 -0.6)cm3 dan nilai gradient (0,03-0.07)cm3. Uji fisher didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara usia dengan jenis timpanogram (p=0,039) dengan risiko terjadinya timpanogram tipe B dan C pada usia kurang dari sama dengan 5 tahun (6-60 bulan) 4,8 kali. Kesimpulan: Gambaran timpanogram tipe B merupakan yang terbanyak pada pasien celah palatum usia 6 bulan – 7 tahun dengan nilai kuantitatif timpanometri lebih rendah dibandingkan nilai normal. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara usia dengan jenis timpanogram

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ABSTRAK Background: Cleft palate is one of the common congenital craniofacial deformities. Otitis media effusion (OME) is a frequent middle ear disease in cleft palate patient. The prevalence of OME is almost 90% in cleft palate patient. Tympanometri has been known as a fast, safe, noninvasive and easy tool in diagnosing the middle ear qualitative-quantitatively. Study about the middle ear condition in cleft palate has been detected using tympanometry, but up until now there is no research about the picture of tympanogram in cleft palate patient. Purpose: To know the picture of tympanogram in children aged 6 months to 7 years with cleft palate. Methods: This is cross sectional research. Thirty patients (17 male, 13 female) with Veau classification of cleft palate aged 6 month – 7 years ( median (26,5(7-48) month) have bent underwent tympanometry examination using tympanometer 226 Hz. Tympanogram was classified using the Jerger – Liden classification. Result: There were 58 ears that could be examined with tympanogram type B as the most frequent picture (70,7%). The quantitative value of tympanometry was SAA (0,1-0,2) cm3 ,TPP value (-197,2-(-146,8)) daPa,Vec value (0.5 -0.6)cm3 and gradient value (0,03-0.07)cm3 Using the fisher test, there was a significant relation between age and the type of tympanogram (p=0.0039) with the risk of tympanogram type B and C in infants (6-60 months) as high as 4,8 times. Conclusion: The type B tympanogram picture is the most frequent type in cleft palate patint age 6 month – 7 years with the quantitative value of tympanometry lower than the normal value. There was a significant difference between age and the type of tympanogram"

"Patients with lip and palate cleft often have difficulties in articulation, mastication, swallowing and esthetic problems. In general, these patients have characteristics of malocclusion that need special treatment. Interdisciplinary approach should be done. It would need long term of healing period after total reconstruction which includes physical, mental, emotional, and social conditions. Orthodontic treatment in patients with lip and palate cleft consist of several stages which are the periods of infant, deciduos dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. These periods could be followed by pre-orthognatic surgical treatment if it is necessary. The principal of orthodontic treatment in patients with lip and palate cleft is to treated the malocclusion and to reduce the dysharmony that may happen due to surgical procedure which occured during growth and development periods."

"ABSTRAKThe birth of a baby with a cleft palate is usually unanticipated and the parents feel hurt, disappointed, even resentful and inadequate. The feeding of the infants with cleft palate is the first and most important concerns of the parents to survive. Dentists in the cleft medical team can help provide basic and more positive ones, so that parents are assured that they will be able to care and feed their infants. Feeding for the baby is very important for both parents. Feeding a cleft palate infant is best with bottle-fed or breast-fed. Feeding and swallowing patterns by the baby with a cleft palate are invariably altered and modified. With clefts, swallowing occurs without the assistance of compressive strength by pressure built up in the mouth. The feeding techniques need some modifications from the normal child. The dentist should participate as a team, to help and describe feeding procedures that have been utilized in infants with cleft palate and to encourage consultation and communication between parents and specialists."

"Cleft orofacialatau celah orofasial di Indonesia termasuk kelainan bawaan sejak lahir yang sering terjadi. Tujuan rencana perawatan pada pasien cleft orofacial adalah memperbaiki fungsi penelanan, bicara, pertumbuhan dan penampilan wajah, rahang dan oklusi gigi, serta gangguan pendengaran. Perawatan awal yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan prosedur labioplasty dan palatoplasty. Hambatan pertumbuhan rahang pada pasien-pasien pasca labioplasty dan palatoplastytelah banyak dibahas dalam beberapa literatur. Beberapa teknik untuk mengevaluasi anatomi regio maksilofasial seperti model cetakan dan foto sefalometri. Namun terdapat beberapa kekurangan dari kedua teknik ini. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan dimensi pada sisi cleft dan sisi normal pasien celah bibir dan langit-langitkarenadapat memberikan gambaran tiga dimensi yang tidak terdistorsi dengan resolusi sangat baik yang memungkinkan visualisasi bentuk struktur anatomis dan ukuran aslinya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh labioplasty dan palatoplasty terhadap dimensi lengkung maksila dalam arah transversal dan anteroposterior di sisi cleft dan sisi normal pada pasien celahbibir dan langit-langit unilateral.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi observasi crossectional melalui analisis radiografi CBCT pasien-pasien celah bibir dan langit-langit yang telah dilakukan labioplasty dan labioplasty dalam arah transversal dan anteroposterior.Uji parametrik independen t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik dengan nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05) pada dimensi transversal regio kaninus dan regio molar kedua sisi cleft dan sisi normal. Selain itu, Hasil uji non parametrik Mann-WhitneyU menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik dengan nilai p=0,003 (p < 0,05) antara dimensi anteroposterior sisi cleft dan sisi normal. Sehingga seluruh hipotesis penelitian diterimaDari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh labioplasty dan palatoplasty terhadap dimensi lengkung maksila dalam arah transversal dan anteroposterior di sisi cleft dan sisi normalpada pasien celah bibir dan langit-langit

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Orofacial cleft is congenitaldisorder that usually occurs since newborn. Aims of treatment of orofacial cleft are to improve swallowing, speech, hearing, aesthetic, and occlusion function. Initial treatment for these patients are labioplasty and palatoplasty. Maxillary growth disruption after labioplasty and palatoplasty hadbeen reviewed in many literatures. There are several technique to evaluate maxillofacial region anatomy such as dental cast and cephalometry radiograph. However, there are several disadvantages of these techniques. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)can be used to evaluate dimensional changes both in cleft side and normal side in cleft patient because it can give undistorted 3D imaging with a high resolution. The aim of this study wasto analyze effect of labioplasty and palatoplasty to dimensional changes of maxilla in transversal and anteroposterior direction in cleft and normal side of patient with cleft lip and palate.This crossectional study was done by analyzing the CBCT radiograph of patient with cleft lip and palate after labioplasty and palatoplasty in transversal and anteroposterior direction.Independent parametric t-test showed there wasa significant difference statistically p = 0,000 (p<0,05) in transversal dimension of canine and second molar region in cleft and normal side. Mann-WhitneyU non parametric test showed there wasa significant difference statistically p = 0,003 (p<0,05) in anteroposterior dimension both in cleft and normal side.As conclussion there wasan effect of labioplasty and palatoplasty to dimensional changes of maxilla in transversal and anteroposterior direction in cleft and normal side of patient with cleft lip and palate."

"Skripsi ini membahas Frekuensi Distribusi Celah Bibir dan Langitan di Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita Jakarta Pada Tahun 1996 dan 1999. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa celah bibir dan langitan mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki paling banyak ditemukan. Usia pasien saat datang terbanyak berusia 0-1 tahun. Faktor resiko yang paling banyak mempengaruhi pada tahun 1996 adalah faktor trauma tidak langsung dan tahun 1999 yaitu faktor multi yaitu obat/jamu dan trauma tidak langsung. Mayoritas wilayah tempat tinggal pasien berada di Tangerang dan Jakarta Barat. ;The focus of this study is the distribution and frequency of cleft lip and palate in RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta period 1996 and 1999.

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This research is a quantitatative with descriptive design. The result cleft lip and palate mostly found in male. Age patient when first came at 0-1 years old. In 1996, risk factor that mostly influence is mechanical forces but in 1999 mechanical forces and drugs mostly found. Location of patient mostly found at Tangerang and West Jakarta."

"Cleft lip and palate (CLP) merupakan malformasi orofasial kongenital yang paling umum terjadi pada anak. Anak-anak yang terlahir dengan celah bibir (cleft lip) dan/atau celah langit-langit mulut (cleft palate) memerlukan prosedur operasi untuk merekonstruksi area yang terkena untuk perbaikan makan, bicara dan fungsi saluran napas. Prosedur operasi merupakan salah satu penanganan penyakit yang membutuhkan hospitalisasi dan sering menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan bagi anak-anak juga orang tua atau pengasuhnya. Masalah yang sering timbul pada anak yang menjalani hospitalisasi dan prosedur bedah adalah kecemasan dan nyeri. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis asuhan keperawatan pada pasien anak dengan ansietas dan nyeri pascaoperasi palatoplasti dengan penerapan intervensi bermain terapeutik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kecemasan dan nyeri pascaoperasi menurun namun intervensi baru berhasil dilakukan pada hari keempat perawatan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan bina hubungan saling percaya yang baru terbentuk serta tingkat nyeri yang masih tinggi sehingga masih berada di bawah penanganan utama manajemen nyeri farmakologis. Penerapan intervensi bermain terapeutik ini akan  lebih optimal jika diterapkan dalam waktu, durasi dan jenis permainan yang tepat.

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Management of anxiety and pain in pediatric after palatoplasty procedure with therapeutic play intervention. Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are the most common congenital orofacial malformation in children. Children who were born with cleft lip and / or cleft palate are requiring surgical procedures to reconstruct the affected area for improving the ability of eat, speech and airway function. Surgical procedure is one of the curing of the diseases and it is requiring hospitalization and often causing discomfort for children as well as parents or caregivers. The problems that might be arise in children who are undergoing hospitalization and surgical procedures are anxiety and pain. This paper aims to analyze nursing care in pediatric patients who have anxiety and postoperative palatoplasty pain by applying therapeutic play interventions. The result of this paper shows that the level of postoperative anxiety and pain have decreased but the result of the interventions have successed on the fourth day of treatment. That is because the establish trusting relitionship has new formed and the level of pain is still at high, so that it is still under the main intervention of pharmacological pain management. Implementing therapeutic play interventions will be more optimal if it is applied at the proper of time, duration, and type of play.  "