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""Some patients present with a primary complaint of pain while others complain of pain secondary to a more generalized disease process or procedure. As a healthcare professional, you are trained to diagnose the pathology and then treat it. A patient presents with pneumonia, your work-up supports the diagnosis; you treat it, then the patient gets better. However, another layer of patient care needs more focus in the medical community. If the patient with pneumonia complains of intercostal pain secondary to a violent cough, we have the ability to manage the symptoms of pain effectively, and should not hesitate to do so promptly. Our actions to alleviate pain will not hinder our ability to treat the underlying disease. Yet modern medicine often considers these goals mutually exclusive, with pain management a distance second. As medical professionals, when we have an incomplete understanding of how to treat a condition, we under treat it, erring on the side of do no harm. This book will give you the confidence to confront your patient's discomfort and succeed in conquering the pain"--Provided by publisher."

"The sensation of pain is the means by which the body is made urgently aware of the presence of tissue damage. Pain represents a protective reflex for self-preservation. It is often pain that brings the patient to the dental office but also can be the factor that keeps the patient from seeking treatment at the appropriate time.Pain control is of great importance in dental practice. The clinician has to know the functional neuroanatomy, peripheral and central nervous system pathways, pain modulating system and various categories of pain of the head, neck and face. Psychological and psychosocial factors also contribute to pain, whether pain arises endogenously from pathologic processes or exogenously from trauma or even dental treatment. The dentists task is threefold: first, to establish the correct diagnosis, second to find the cause of the pain, and third to select the treatment plan that the addresses the patients complaint. By knowing the classification of orofacial pain, the clinician will easily make a diagnosis and determine the cause of the pain. After establishing the physical diagnosis it is easy then to determine the therapy to be made. The treatment in managing dental pain from pharmacotherapy is still effective using analgesic and local anesthetic drug."

"This book explores the lived experience of pain, and questions of identity and pain, from a range of different disciplinary perspectives within the humanities and social sciences. Discussing the acuity and temporality of pain, its isolating impact, the embodied expression of pain, pain and sexuality, gender and ethnicity, it also includes a cluster of three chapters discusses the phenomenon and experience of labour pains. This book revitalizes the study of pain, offering productive ways of carefully thinking through its different aspects and exploring the positive and enriching side of world-forming pain as well as its limiting aspects. It will be of interest to academics and students interested in pain from a range of backgrounds, including philosophy, sociology, nursing, midwifery, medicine and gender studies."

"Nyeri merupakan salah satu masalah yang harus segera diberi intervensi oleh perawat. Ada beberapa cara untuk menurunkan nyeri, Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan teknik relaksasi imajinasi. Teknik relaksasi imajinasi ini dapat diajarkan pada klien dengan post operasi fraktur yang mengalami nyeri.Untuk membuktikan adanya pengaruh teknik relaksasi imajinasi terhadap peningkatan rasa nyaman bagi klien, peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan judul "Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Imajinasi Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Nyeri Pada Klien dengan Post Operasi Fraktur di Ruang Rawat Bedah Ortopedi di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta". Pada 20 responden yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu 10 klien kelompok eksperimen dan 10 klien kelompok kontrol.Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Quasi eksperimen dengan pre tes dan post tes. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap responden. Pada kelompok eksperimen dilakukan wawancara awal (pre tes) sebelum dipandu untuk melakukan teknik relaksasi imajinasi Kemudian dilakukan wawancara akhir (post tes). Pada kelompok kontrol di lakukan wawancara awal (pre tes) dan wawancara akhir (post tes). Adapun hal-hal yang diwawancara adalah karakterisktik nyeri yang meliputi: frekuensi, lama dan lokasi serta tingkat nyeri.Dari data tingkat nyeri yang diperoleh, dianalisa dan diuji dengan uji statistik student "t" test. Dengan perhitungan uji statistik tersebut diperoleh nilai t= 4,377 Bila batas kemaknaan (or) 0,05 dan df= I8 dapat diperoleh dari label 1, bahwa nilai P adalah 2,101. Hal ini membuktilkan bahwa 1 > 2,101 yang berarti H0 ditolak yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok eksperimen yang melakukan teknik relaksasi imajinasi dengan kelompok kontrol.Untuk penelitian lebih lanjut, diharapkan memperhatikan ketenangan lingkungan dan pemilihan sampel yang mewakili, serta kendalikan pengaruh sosial ekonomi dan budaya responden."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efek krioterapi dan pemulihan pasif terhadap rasa nyeri dan kreatin kinase (CK) serum setelah pertandingan futsal pada atlet futsal mahasiswa. Sembilan pemain futsal pada kelompok krioterapi dan sepuluh pemain futsal pada kelompok pasif (usia 18 - 21 tahun) berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini. Pada kelompok krioterapi dilakukan perendaman air dingin dengan suhu 10 -15 ºC selama 10 menit setelah melakukan pertandingan futsal 2 x 20 menit, sedangkan kelompok pasif melakukan istirahat dengan duduk santai selama 10 menit. Pengukuran rasa nyeri dan kreatin kinase serum dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, yaitu satu hari sebelum pertandingan futsal, segera setelah pertandingan futsal dan 24 jam setelah pemulihan. Perubahan hasil pengukuran diolah menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan (p < 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik untuk rasa nyeri pada 24 jam setelah pemulihan, dimana rasa nyeri pada kelompok krioterapi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok pasif (p = 0,037). Untuk kreatin kinase serum pada 24 jam setelah pemulihan didapatkan kreatin kinase serum pada kelompok krioterapi lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok pasif, akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (p = 0,365). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemulihan dengan krioterapi memberikan manfaat kepada atlet futsal mahasiswa dan dapat menjadi alternatif metode pemulihan bagi atlet setelah melakukan pertandingan futsal.

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The aim of this study is to determine the differences cryotheraphy effects and passive recovery against pain and serum creatin kinase levels after futsal match in futsal college athletes. Nine futsal players in cryotherapy group and 10 passive subjects (age 18 - 21 years old) participated in this study. After futsal match 2 x 20 minutes, the cryotherapy subjects were immersed in ice (10 -15 ºC) for ten minutes, and the passive subject were sitted for ten minutes. Assesments of pain and CK levels conducted for three times: one day before futsal match, immediately after futsal match and 24 hours after recovery. Changes in numeric rating scale for pain and CK levels within cryotheraphy and passive group were analyzed with independent t-test (p < 0,05).

The results showed perceived pain in cryotheraphy subjects lower significantly compared passive subjects in 24 hours after recovery (p = 0,037). For the CK levels, the result showed lower CK concentration in cryotheraphy group compared passive group, but no statistic significantly (p = 0,365) These results suggest that cryotheraphy give some benefit for futsal college athletes and able to be alternative recovery methode for athletes after futsal match."