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Abstrak :
LDPE merupakan salah satu jenis plastik yang memiliki angka produksi yang tinggi, sehingga berpeluang besar untuk terakumulasi menjadi sampah. Dalam penelitian ini, CNT diproduksi dari sampah plastik LDPE sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi akumulasi sampah plastik. CNT disintesis melalui metode flame synthesis dengan katalis wired mesh stainless steel 316 yang dilakukan pretreatment berupa pemanasan pada kondisi oksidatif dengan suhu 800°C (oxidative heat treatment). Waktu pretreatment dari katalis divariasikan selama 0, 1, 5, 10, dan 20 menit untuk memperoleh hubungan antara waktu pretreatment dan kualitas CNT yang dihasilkan. Sampah plastik LDPE dipirolisis pada suhu 450°C dan disintesis menjadi CNT pada suhu 800oC selama 1 jam. Nanokarbon yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, dan TGA, sedangkan gas efluen reaktor dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan GC. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukan bahwa CNT terbentuk pada permukaan katalis yang melalui tahap pretreatment. Waktu pretreatment terbaik yang diperoleh adalah selama 10 menit yang menghasilkan CNT berjenis buckling growth dan continuous growth dengan persebaran karbon yang paling merata, memiliki ukuran kristal rata-rata sebesar 7,70 nm, persentase karbon sebesar 93,3%, dan suhu oksidasi sebesar 530°C.

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LDPE is a type of plastic that has high production rate, making it possible to become accumulated as waste. In this work, CNT is produced from LDPE plastic waste as an effort to reduce plastic waste accumulation. CNT is synthesized by using flame synthesis method with the help of wired mesh stainless steel 316 serving as the catalyst pretreated by applying heat under oxidative environment at 800°C. The time of the pretreatment is varied from 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 minutes to determine the relationship between the period of the pretreatment and the produced CNT quality. LDPE plastic waste is pyrolized at 450°C and synthesized to CNT at 800°C for 1 hour. The collected nanocarbons are charcterized by using XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, and TGA, whilst the gas effluent is characterized by using GC. It is discovered that CNT is formed from the pretreated catalyst. The best result is obtained from the 10 minutes pretreatment that is shown by formation of buckling and continuous growth CNT having an evenly spread carbon with a mean crystal size of 7.70 nm, carbon percentage up to 93.3%, and oxidation temperature up to 530°C.

Abstrak :
Fabrikasi Carbon Nanotube CNT secara komersial terhalang oleh biaya produks meliputi: sumber karbon, katalis, dan energi. Stainless steel merupakan substrat potensial untuk fabrikasi CNT, kandungan Fe dan Ni menjadikan stainless steel berfungsi ganda sebagai substrat sekaligus katalis. Pada penelitian ini stainless steel di preparasi dengan HCl 37,8 dan oxidative heat treatment 850 oC selama 30 menit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh oxidative heat treatment pada stainless steel dalam pembentukan CNT. Identifikasi dilakukan menggunakan sumber karbon asetilena dan kamper. Substrat stainless steel 304 divariasikan atas foil, pelat, dan wiremesh. Hasil penelitian dengan asetilena selama 20 menit pada ketiga variasi menghasilkan carbon loss diatas 90. Hal ini disebabkan peningkatan persentase Cr menghambat pembentukan nano partikel katalis. Dengan bantuan ferrocene substrat foil, pelat, dan wiremesh menghasilkan CNT dengan massa 0,0573 gram; 0,0701 gram; dan 0,1246 gram disertai penurunan carbon loss mencapai 30. Penggunaan substrat stainless steel 316 dengan kandungan Cr lebih rendah dan tambahan waktu sintesis menjadi 60 menit menghasilkan massa 0,6325 gram dan carbon loss 2,76. Identifikasi dengan menggunakan kamper selama 60 menit menghasilkan peningkatan massa CNT pada stainless steel 304 foil 0,831 gram; pelat 1,856 gram; wiremesh 2,6305 gram dan 316 pelat 2,1075 gram .

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Commercial CNT fabrication is hindered by its production costs including carbon sources, catalysts, and energy. Stainless steel is potential for CNT fabrication as Fe and Ni contents function as substrate and catalyst. Stainless steel is prepared with HCl 37,8 and 850 oC oxidative heat treatment for 30 minutes. This study aims at identifying oxidative heat treatment effect on stainless steel in CNT formation performed using the carbon sources of acetylene and camphor. 304 stainless steel substrates are varied including foil, plate, and wiremesh. By using acetylene for 20 minutes results in carbon loss above 90 increasing the Cr inhibiting the formation of nano particles catalyst. The addition of ferrocene decrease the carbon loss up to 30 and CNT of 0,0573 gram 0,0701 gram and 0,1246 gram are formed in foil, plate, and wiremesh. The use of 316 stainless steel substrate with lower Cr content and additional time of synthesis to 60 minutes yield a mass of 0,6325 gram and carbon loss 2,76 . The 60 minutes identification using camphor results in CNT mass increase in the 304 stainless steel foil 0,831 gram plate 1,856 wiremesh 2,6305 gram and 316 plate 2,1075 gram.

Abstrak :
Stainless Steel (SS) is the potential substrate in Carbon Nanotube (CNT) synthesis; Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni) content make SS function doubly as substrate and catalyst. In this study, SS is prepared with chloride acid, HCl (37.8%) and oxidative heat treatment (OHT) at 850oC for 30 minutes. This study aims to identify the effect of OHT on SS in CNT’s formation. The identification is done by using carbon sources of acetylene and camphor. The substrate of SS 304 is varied into foil, plate and wire mesh. The result of using acetylene for 20 minutes in respect of the three variations produces carbon loss of over 90%. This is due to an increase in the Cr percentage which inhibits the formation of the catalyst’s nanoparticles. With the help of ferrocene foil substrate, plate, and wire mesh, the CNT produced are 0.0573 gram, 0.0701 gram, and 0.1246 gram along with a reduction in carbon loss to 30%. The use of the substrate of SS 316 with lower Cr content and additional time of synthesis to 60 minutes yields the mass of 0.6325 gram and carbon loss of 2.76%. By using camphor for 60 minutes, the identification results in an increase of CNT mass in SS 304 of 0.831 for foil, 1.856 for plate and 2.6305 for wire mesh. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) is used to identify the carbon form on the surface of the SS while Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) is used to identify the acetylene decomposition. Based on this experiment, SS 304 and 316 type along with the OHT preparation method can be used easily as an effective substrate to produce CNT.

Abstrak :
Reaktor berbahan stainless steel tipe 316 SS 316 dirancang untuk sintesis Carbon Nanotube CNT berbasis kamper. Sebagai sumber karbon, padatan kamper diubah menjadi gas melalui proses sublimasi. Sintesis CNT pada permukaan substrat melalui metode sintesis chemical vapor deposition CVD. Sintesis dilakukan dengan substrat pelat SS 316 dan menggunakan argon sebagai carrier gas serta hidrogen sebagai co-reactant. Preparasi substrat dilakukan melalui pretreatment dengan cara dipanaskan dalam kondisi oksidatif oxidative heat treatment pada suhu 850oC selama 30 menit. Tujuan preparasi ini untuk menghilangkan lapisan krom dan membuat permukaannya menjadi lebih kasar sehingga CNT dapat tumbuh. Suhu sintesis yang digunakan adalah 800oC dengan waktu 60 menit. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jumlah massa kamper sebesar 5, 7, 10, 12, dan 15 gram. Hasil sintesis di karakterisasi menggunakan FESEM-EDS, TEM, dan XRD serta gas hasil dekomposisi kamper dianalisa dengan GC-FID. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan CNT tumbuh pada permukaan substrat pelat SS 316 untuk setiap variasi. CNT telah tumbuh mengikuti model tips growth dengan ditemukan juga deformasi berupa buckling growth dan continuous growth. Kualitas dan yield terbaik diperoleh pada jumlah massa kamper 15 gram dengan persentase karbon sebesar 87,1 dan diameter 33 ndash; 44 nm.

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Reactor, which made from stainless steel 316 SS 316, was designed for synthesis of Carbon Nanotube CNT based camphor. As a carbon source, solid camphor was converted into gas through a sublimation process. Synthesis of CNTs on substrate surfaces was through chemical vapor deposition CVD method. Synthesis was performed with stainless steel 316 type as catalyst, argon as carrier gas, and hydrogen as co reactant. Preparation of the catalyst is through a pretreatment by heating under oxidative conditions oxidative heat treatment at a temperature of 850oC for 30 minutes. to remove the layer of chrome and make a rough surface so that CNTs can be grown. Produced CNT will be characterized using SEM, TEM, and XRD while the output gas will be analyzed by Gas Chromatography. The operating temperature of the synthesis used was 800oC with a reaction time of 60 minutes. This research was conducted by varying the number of camphor mass by 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 grams. Produced CNTs were characterized using FESEM EDS, TEM, and XRD while camphor decomposition gas was analyzed by GC FID. The characterization results showed that the CNT grows on the surface of the SS 316 plate for each variation. CNTs have grown by follow tips growth model with deformations like buckling growth model and continuous growth model were also founded. The best quality and yield of CNT was obtained at camphor mass of 15 grams with carbon percentage of 87,1 and diameter 33 44 nm.