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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Iron oxides, namely hematite, is one of the main impurities in both low grade bauxite ores and red mud. Studies found that hematite can be leached effectively using oxalic acid and the removal of iron oxides from low grade bauxite or red mud will increase the feasibility of processing by means of Bayer Process. Several leaching parameters were tested, namely initial solution pH, leaching temperature, oxalate concentration, all with the use of catalyst. The tests concluded that hematite can be leached effectively from bauxite waste residue by using oxalic acid, however selectivity is still an issue as the amount aluminium leached is still high. The leached iron could then be recovered as goethite through the goethite precipitation method that yielded high recovery value.

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ABSTRAK
Mineral oksida besi merupakan salah satu komponen utama impurities pada bauksit dan limbah bauksit. Menghilangkan kandungan besi oksida dari bauksit dan limbah bauksit dapat menghasilkan produk yang bisa diproses kembali dengan Proses Bayer. Dilakukan pengujian beberapa parameter leaching, antara lain pH awal larutan asam, temperatur leaching, konsentrasi asam oksalat, serta penggunaan ion fero (Fe2+) sebagai katalis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hematit dapat dilarutkan dari residu limbah bauksit dengan efektif, namun selektivitas terhadap pelarutan aluminium masih rendah. Kandungan besi yang terdapat di dalam larutan asam dapat kembali diambil dengan menggunakan metode presipitasi goetit yang menunjukkan hasil recovery tinggi.

Abstrak :
Ekstratksi tin dari sumber sekunder terbukti menjadi alternatif yang atraktif melihat dari permintaan produksi timah yang terus bertumbuh. Terak timah, yang tergolong sumber sekunder, masih menyisakan timah oksida sekitar 1 sampai 3%. Literature studi menunjukkan, untuk melakukan leaching dari terak timah secara efektif, formasi silica gel harus di cegah, oleh karenanya asam oksalat dipilih. Empat parameter leaching, konsentrasi asam oksalat, waktu, temperature, dan rasio, dipilih untuk mengekstrak tin (sebagai target) beserta titanium, tantalum, dan niobium. Eksperimen menunjukan, bahwa parameter leaching paling optimum berada di 24 jam waktu leaching, pada 50?C dan 10% rasio cairan dan solid. ......Recovering tin from secondary resource proves to be an attractive alternative tin resource to help satisfy the ever-growing tin demands. Tin slag, considered as a secondary resource, still consist of tin in the form of oxides approximately 1 – 3%. Studies found that in order to leach tin slag effectively the formation of silica gel has to be prevented, hence oxalic acid was chosen as the leaching reagent for the study. Four leaching parameters, oxalic acid concentration, leaching time, leaching temperature and solid liquid ratio, were tested through the experiment to extract tin as the primary metal, along with titanium, tantalum and niobium. The experiment concluded that the optimum leaching time is at 24 hours with a temperature of 50?C at 10% solid/liquid ratio.

Abstrak :
Mineral oksida besi merupakan salah satu komponen utama impurities pada bauksit dan limbah bauksit. Menghilangkan kandungan besi oksida dari bauksit dan limbah bauksit dapat menghasilkan produk yang bisa diproses kembali dengan Proses Bayer. Dilakukan pengujian beberapa parameter leaching, antara lain pH awal larutan asam, temperatur leaching, konsentrasi asam oksalat, serta penggunaan ion fero (Fe2+) sebagai katalis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hematit dapat dilarutkan dari residu limbah bauksit dengan efektif, namun selektivitas terhadap pelarutan aluminium masih rendah. Kandungan besi yang terdapat di dalam larutan asam dapat kembali diambil dengan menggunakan metode presipitasi goetit yang menunjukkan hasil recovery tinggi. ......Iron oxides, namely hematite, is one of the main impurities in both low grade bauxite ores and red mud. Studies found that hematite can be leached effectively using oxalic acid and the removal of iron oxides from low grade bauxite or red mud will increase the feasibility of processing by means of Bayer Process. Several leaching parameters were tested, namely initial solution pH, leaching temperature, oxalate concentration, all with the use of catalyst. The tests concluded that hematite can be leached effectively from bauxite waste residue by using oxalic acid, however selectivity is still an issue as the amount aluminium leached is still high. The leached iron could then be recovered as goethite through the goethite precipitation method that yielded high recovery value.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
< Ekstratksi tin dari sumber sekunderterbukti menjadi altematifyang atraktif melihat dari permintaan produksi timah yang tems bertumbuh. Terak timah, yang tergolong sumber sekunder, masih menyisakan timah oksida sekitar 1 sampai 3%. Literature studi menunjukkan, untuk melakukan leaching dari terak timah secara efektif, formasi silica gel hams di cegah, oleh karenanya asam oksalat dipilih. Empat parameter leaching, konsentrasi asam oksalat, waktu, temperature, dan rasio, dipilih untuk mengekstrak tin (sebagai target) beserta titanium, tantalum, dan niobium. Eksperimen menunjukan, bahwa parameter leaching paling optimum berada di 24 jam waktu leaching, pada 50 C dan 10% rasio cairan dan solid.

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ABSTRACT
Recovering tin from secondary resource proves to be an attractive alternative tin resource to help satisfy the ever-growing tin demands. Tin slag, considered as a secondary resource, still consist of tin in the form of oxides approximately 1 - 3%. Studies found that in order to leach tin slag effectively the formation of S,ilica gel has to be prevented, hence oxalic acid was chosen as the leaching reagentofor the study. Four leaching parameters, oxalic acid concentration, leaching time, leaching temperature and solid liquid ratio, were tested through the experiment to extract tin as the primary metal, along with titanium, tantalum and niobium. The experiment concluded that the optimum leaching time is at 24 hours with a temperature of 50 C at 10% solidiliqvid ratio.