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Abstrak :

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ABSTRACT
A landmark work of international relations theory, Power and Interdependence first published in 1977 and posited a radically comprehensive explanation of the mechanics driving world affairs power politics on one hand and complex interdependence on the other hand.

This widely influential book reexamined the military and economic interests of state and non-state actors, and in an argument made before the end of the Cold War, the authors broadened the prevailing realist worldview of the time and anticipated many of the developments in our modern era of globalization. With a new preface by the authors and a foreword by Fareed Zakaria that looks at world affairs after the Cold War, the terrorist attacks of September 11, and the global financial crisis, Power and Interdependence is required reading for all students of international relations.

Abstrak :
Kebutuhan analisa global terhadap variabilitas fresh water budget, evaporasi-presipitasi (E-P) dan salinitas sangat penting untuk memahami sistem iklim bumi secara lebih baik. Namun, sering terkendala oleh ketersediaan data evaporasi, presipitasi dan sea surface salinity (SSS) secara time series. Aquarius merupakan wahana satelit khusus untuk melakukan pengukuran salinitas permukaan laut, SSS. Variabilitas evaporasi-presipitasi (E-P) dan SSS secara spasial dan temporal di lautan Benua Maritim Indonesia (BMI), yaitu di Selat Karimata, Laut Jawa dan Laut Banda dapat diidentifikasi dari data re-analysis ERA INTERIM ECMWF dan satelit Aquarius secara bulanan selama periode 2011-2005 dapat menggambarkan variabilitas. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan nilai evaporasi di ketiga perairan sekitar sekitar -0,025 hingga -0,059 Sv. Hubungan antara SSS dan E-P terlihat nyata di perairan Indonesia. Variasi E-P dalam menjelaskan SSS hampir mencapai sekitar setengahnya (27-50%), sedangkan sisanya dijelaskan oleh faktor lainnya. Variasi SSS dapat dijelaskan oleh E-P dengan pengaruh dominan dari presipitasi. Hal ini terlihat dari tingginya SSS ketika presipitasi menurun di ketiga perairan. Hubungan antara perubahan naiknya gradien E-P dan SSS terhadap naiknya kecepatan angin zonal dan meridional juga terlihat pada ketiga perairan. Untuk mengetahui variabel lain yang mempengaruhi SSS dilakukan analisis regresi linier antara kecepatan angin dengan SSS. Kecepatan angin memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada SSS di lautan BMI. Di Selat Karimata, hasil koefisien determinasi (R2) antara kecepatan angin zonal dan meridional mendominasi sekitar hampir setengahnya (38-49%), sedangkan sisanya dijelaskan oleh faktor lainnya. Artinya angin dapat mempengaruhi SSS melalui proses evaporasi, peningkatan kecepatan angin akan menyebabkan meningkatnya evaporasi. Peningkatan evaporasi akan mempengaruhi kadar salinitas di perairan.

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Needs of analysis of oceanic fresh water flux evaporation-precipitation, (EP) and salinity variability is very important to better understand the Earth's climate system and global water cycle. The availability of evaporation-precipitation (E-P) and sea surface salinity (SSS) time series data still sparsely observed. Aquarius is the fist special satellites used to measure sea surface salinity (SSS). Variability of evaporation-precipitation (E-P) and SSS can be described spatially and temporally over Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) oceans using ECMWF ERA INTERIM re-analysis and Aquarius retrieval data during the period 2011-2005. Estimation of oceanic evaporation over Karimata Strait, Java Sea and Banda Sea showed approximately of -0.025 to -0.059 Sv. Liner relationship between oceanic fresh water flux (E-P) and SSS significantly different over the Indonesian ocean and expressed in determination coefficient (R2). Variance of E-P explained SSS monthly period over the three ocean waters almost reached 27-53%, the rest of it caused by other variables. From the two primary components of the fresh water flux, precipitation (P) dominates the influence on SSS. The result showed that SSS increased when the precipitation was decreased. On the other hand, the wind speed also influences SSS over Indonesian oceans. This relationship also showed that the increasing of E-P and SSS gradient will be followed by the higher wind speed. Regression analysis also applied to identify the relationship between wind speed and SSS. In Karimata Strait, the wind speed of zonal and meridional dominates approximately 38-49% of SSS, while the rest was explained by other factors. Wind speed dominates the primary component of the fresh water flux through evaporation processing. The wind speed increased the evaporation, consequently the sea surface salinity variation will be changed.