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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
As developing country, many people in Indonesia still face problem regarding access to electricity. Most households located in the remote area are still dark at night and more capital outflow happened in previous years because of poor infrastructure. Moreover, Indonesia is bound to reduce greenhouse emmision up to 2 degrees of Celcius as stated in Paris Agreement. Indonesia should take firm action to use more clean energy. This country has many potential renewable energies to boost the electricity but yet to be developed. With 5.8 billion km 2 of waters and 97,000 km of coastal lines, one of the best sources is ocean energy which theoretically can result in 4.4 billion Mega watt of electricity. Up until now, ocean energy is already developed but only for research purposes. Government can provide interesting offers to attract private sector to invest in ocean energy. For example, giving special tariff to produce new sustainable investment or green economy? as previously targeted by President Joko Widodo. Also, reformation is needed for the ocean energy open bidding policy to gain more advanced technology for supporting the vision: being global maritime axis.

Abstrak :
Keterbatasan infrastruktur penyediaan data pasang surut real-time di pesisir Indonesia memunculkan solusi pemanfaatan model pasang surut. Pesisir barat Pulau Sumatera yang berhadapan dengan Samudera Hindia dari Aceh hingga Lampung memiliki potensi energi laut guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi ketelitian model pasut regional BIG menggunakan 19 stasiun pasut permanen sebagai titik evaluator dengan parameter RMS, RSS, RSSIQ, dan Discrepancy yang dianalisis per musim serta nilai koefisien korelasi. Analisis potensi energi laut dari energi pasut, arus dan gelombang dilakukan pada radius stasiun pasut. Hasil penelitian yaitu RMS 0,026m-1,039m dengan variasi RSS setiap periode musim DJF 1,150m; MAM 0,502m; JJA 0,426m dan SON 1,223m. Nilai Discrepancy dari 8 konstanta harmonik utama menghasilkan prosentase yang hampir sama pada musim ke-1 (DJF) dan ke-4 (SON) yaitu 25,495% dan 26,749%, musim ke-2 (MAM) dan ke-3 (JJA) yaitu 10,844% dan 9,107%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan kehandalan model dalam merepresentasikan ketinggian permukaan laut pada wilayah penelitian yang didukung dengan koefisien korelasi 0,960970,5m/s) sedangkan ketinggian gelombang yang lebih besar terdapat di pesisir yang berhadapan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia (>1,6m). Analisis lokasi pesisir barat Sumatera terdapat potensi pengembangan energi arus dan gelombang dibandingkan energi pasang surut, tetapi biaya produksi energi pasang surut sebesar Rp1.571,13/kWh lebih ekonomis jika dibandingkan energi gelombang laut sebesar Rp2.193,62/kWh, dan energi arus laut sebesar Rp2.317,15/kWh. ......The limited infrastructure for providing real-time tide data on the coasts of Indonesia has led to solutions for using tidal models. The west coast of Sumatra Island, which faces the Indian Ocean from Aceh to Lampung, has the potential for marine energy to improve the welfare of coastal communities. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the BIG regional tide model using 19 permanent tidal stations as evaluator points with parameters such as RMS, RSS, RSSIQ, and Discrepancy which are analyzed per season as well as analysis of the correlation coefficient between observed data and tidal models. Analysis of sea energy potential from tidal, current, and wave energy is carried out at the tidal station radius. The results of the study are that the RMS values ​​range from 0.026m – 1.039m with variations in the RSS for each season, namely DJF 1.150m; MAM 0.502m; JJA 0.426m and SON 1.223m. Discrepancy values ​​of the 8 main harmonic constants produce almost the same percentages in the 1st (DJF) and 4th (SON) seasons, namely 25.495% and 26.749%, in the 2nd (MAM) and 3rd (JJA) seasons, namely 10.844 % and 9.107%. These results indicate the reliability of the model in representing sea level height in the study area which is supported by a positive and strong correlation coefficient of 0.96097 0.5m/s), while larger wave heights are found on the coast directly facing the Indian Ocean (> 1.6m). Analysis of the location of the west coast of Sumatra has the potential to develop current and wave energy compared to tidal energy, but the cost of producing tidal energy is IDR 1,571.13/kWh more economical when compared to ocean wave energy of IDR 2,193.62/kWh, and current energy sea ​​of ​​IDR 2,317.15/kWh.

Abstrak :
Pada tahun 2013 rasio elektrifikasi di Indonesia hanya 78,06%, artinya masih banyak daerah yang belum teraliri oleh listrik. Padahal sumber daya energi terbarukan di Indonesia mencapai 1,2 x 109 MW, tapi yang termanfaatkan hanya 4.679,37 MW. Hal ini menunjukkan perlunya optimalisasi terhadap sumber daya energi terbarukan di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah energi yang berasal dari laut. Energi lautan terdiri dari beberapa sumber energi, yakni energi arus laut termasuk energi pasang surutdi dalamnya, energi ombak, energi yang berasal dari perbedaan kadar garam, energi hasil konversi energi dari perbedaan panas laut, dan lainnya. Salah satu yang kini sedang dikembangkan adalah Pembanggkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Laut (PLTAL) dengan menggunakan teknologi Vertical Axis Turbines yakni, Turbin Darrieus. Turbin Darrieus merupakan salah satu teknologi PLTAL yang dinilai paling cocok dengan kondisi di Indonesia, yakni dengan kecepatan arus laut yang tidak begitu besar, serta arah arus laut yang bidirectional yang disebabkan oleh gaya coriolis. Salah satu daerah yang berpotensi yakni, Selat Larantuka. Menurut perhitungan ACDP, kecepatan rata-rata arus di Selat Larantuka pada kedalaman 5 meter sebesar 1,84 m/s dengan rapat daya 3.192,62 watt/m2. TurbinDarrieus yang digunakan berdiameter 3,6 m dan tinggi 2,5 m dengan efisiensi sebesar 40% dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 3,39 kW pada kecepatan 1,84 m/s. PLTAL ini dapat menjadi sumber energi alternatif yang dapat terhubung off-grid maupun on-grid untuk memenuhi beban daya.

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In 2013 electrification ratio in Indonesia is only 78.06%. This percentage shows there are still many areas that has not access to electricity. However, renewable energy resources in Indonesia reach 1,2 x 109 MW, but only 4.679.37 MW that can be utilized. Therefore, the optimize of renewable energy resources in Indonesia are needed. One of them is Ocean Energy. The Ocean Energy consisting various energy such as tidal energy, wave energy, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), and salinity gradient energy. The one that is being developed is the ocean current power plant by using technology of vertical axis turbine, namely Darrieus Turbines. Darrieus turbines is one of the ocean current power plant technology which is consideredsuitable with Indonesia's condition. For instance, the speed of ocean current that are not so high and the direction of ocean currents that bidirectional caused by coriolis force. One of the potential areas is Larantuka Strait. According to the calculations of the ACDP, the average speed of the current in Larantuka Strait at a depth of 5 meters, amounting to 1,84 m/s with a power density 3.192,62 watts/m2. Darrieus turbine that is used has diameter 3,6 m, high 2,5 m with an efficiency of 40% that can generate electrical energy to 3,9 kW. The ocean current power plant can be alternative energy sources,it can be connected to off-grid or on-grid to meet the power load.