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"Diare lanjut dapat mengakibatkan dehidrasi pada balita dan saat ini merupakan penyebab kematian urutan kedua pada balita di dunia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada balita dengan diare. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dan melalui tehnik consecutive sampling didapat 110 balita dengan diare yang mengalami dehidrasi ringan/sedang dan berat yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada balita dengan diiare adalah usia balita p=0,023 dan status gizi balita p=0,000 . Hasil analisis berikutnya didapatkan faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada balita dengan diare adalah status gizi balita OR=15,22. Diperlukan perhatian khusus/lebih pada balita dengan diare yang memiliki status gizi kurang terhadap risiko dehidrasi di tatanan pelayanan primer.

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Further diarrhea can lead to dehydration and is currently the second leading cause of death in children under five in the world. The aim of research to identify factors associated with the occurrence of dehydration in under five with diarrhea. This research uses cross sectional design and through consecutive sampling technique is obtained 110 children under five with diarhhea who are dehydrated mild moderate and severe, hospitalized in Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih.

The results showed factors that have a significant relationship with the occurrence of dehydration in children under five with diarrhea are the age of children p 0,023 and nutritional status p 0,000. The next analysis results were obtained the most dominant factor related to the occurrence of dehydration in children under five with diarrhea is the nutritional status of children OR 15,22. Special attention is required more in children under five with diarrhea who have the status of malnutrition on the risk of dehydration in the order of prymary care."

"ABSTRAKKasus gizi buruk masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang perludilakukan penanganan yang serius. Posyandu merupakan sarana surveillance yangbaik utamanya dalam mencegah terjadinya kasus gizi buruk. Penelitian inimembahas hubungan pengetahuan ibu, pemanfaatan Posyandu dan faktor lainnyaterhadap status gizi balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bromo Medan tahun 2011.Desain non eksperimen dengan cross sectional. Status gizi diukur berdasarkanantropometri indeks BB/TB rujukan WHO-2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkansebagian besar balita gizi normal (91%). Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan adanyahubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan ibu (OR : 12.515dan 95% CI : 1.475-106.177), pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga dengan status gizi balita (P value<0.05). Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anak,pemanfaatan Posyandu, jenis kelamin, riwayat penyakit infeksi, urutan lahirdengan status gizi balita. Disarankan peningkatan pemantauan dan penangananmasalah gizi pada balita, peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat melalui promosikesehatan, peningkatan kerjasama lintas sektoral dalam penanganan masalah gizibalita.

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ABSTRACTThe case of under nutrition is still a public health problem which needs tobe taken care of seriously. Posyandu is a good surveillance facility, especially inpreventing the incidence of under nutrition. The relation of mothers’ knowledge,the utilization of Posyandu and other factors with the nutritional status of underfive children at the working area of Puskesmas Bromo, Medan 2011 was beingstudied in this research. The design of the study was non experimental by crosssectional. Nutritional status was measured by anthropometric index BB/TBaccording to WHO-2005 standard. The result of the research found that almost allthe nutritional status of under five children was normal (91 %). The result of Chisquare showed that there was significant relation between mothers’ knowledge(OR : 12.515 and 95% CI : 1.475-106.177), mothers’education, family incomeand under five nutritional status (P value <0.05). There was no significant relationbetween mothers’ working status, the amount of children, the utilization ofPosyandu, sex, history of infectious diseases, birth order with under fivenutritional status. The recommendation of the study was to improve theknowledge of the community by health promotion, increasing cross sectoralcollaboration in handling under five nutritional problems."

"Latar Belakang: Blastocystis hominis merupakan salah satu protozoa yang paling sering ditemukan di saluran intestinal manusia dengan distribusi di seluruh dunia, dengan prevalensi yang lebih besar di negara berkembang. Di Indonesia prevalensinya mencapai 60%. Prevalensi pada anak usia di bawah 6 tahun cukup tinggi, yaitu 25%. Terdapat literatur yang melaporkankan efek infeksi B. hominis terhadap rendahnya status nutrisi pada anak. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi B. hominis pada balita di kecamatan Jatinegara, serta hubungannya dengan status gizi pada balita. Metode: Studi cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder hasil pemeriksaan tinja parasit usus dan pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan pada balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara pada tahun 2006. Dari hasil consecutive sampling didapatkan 386 sampel, kemudian dirandom menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang hanya terinfeksi B. hominis (n = 227) dan kelompok tanpa infeksi parasit usus (n = 159). Kemudian dibandingkan keadaan status nutrisi antara kedua kelompok ini. Penilaian status nutrisi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan indeks antropometri, yaitu berat berdasarkan usia (WAZ), yang menunjukkan tingkat underweight, tinggi berdasarkan usia (HAZ), yang menunjukkan tingkat stunting, dan berat berdasarkan tinggi (WHZ), yang menunjukkan tingkat wasting. Masingmasing indeks antropometri ini diperlihatkan dalam standar deviasi unit (z-score) dari median populasi referensi World Health Organization-National Center for Health Statistics (WHO-NCHS). Z-score dengan nilai -2 SD digunakan sebagai cut-off point malnutrisi. Hasil: Prevalensi B. hominis sebesar 58, 7%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p > 0, 05) pada indeks antropometri untuk status nutrisi (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ) antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Pada studi ini memperlihatkan bahwa prevalensi B. hominis tinggi, serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara infeksi B. hominis dengan status nutrisi anak balita pada daerah ini.

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Background: Blastocystis hominis is one of the most common protozoa found in human intestinal tract with distribution throughout the world, with a greater prevalence in developing countries. In Indonesia, prevalence reaches 60%. Prevalence in children aged under 6 years old is quite high at 25%. There is literature that shows effect Blastocystis hominis infection on nutritional status in a child. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis Hominis Infection among Preschool Children in Jatinegara and the relationship between Blastocystis hominis infection and nutritional status among children under 5 years old. Methods: Cross-sectional study using secondary data review for stool analysis of intestinal parasites and measurement of height and weight, which was carried out among children in Jatinegara district in 2006. Consecutive sampling of the results obtained 386 samples, then randomized into 2 groups: groups that were infected with only B. hominis (n = 227) and groups without intestinal parasitic infection (n = 159). Then compared the nutritional status between the two groups. Assessment of nutritional status in this research using anthropometry indexes, weight for age (WAZ), which indicates the level of underweight, height for age (HAZ), which indicates the level of stunting, and weight for height (WHZ), which indicates the level of wasting. Each of the three nutritional status indexes are expressed in standard deviation units (z-scores) from the median of this reference population World Health Organization-National Center for Health Statistics (WHO-NCHS). Z score of -2 SD was used as cut off point of malnutrition. Results: Prevalence of Blastocystis Hominis infection was 58, 7%. Statisical analysis revealed that the antropometric indexs for nutritional status (WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ) did not differ significantly (p > 0, 05) between the infected group and the control group. Conclusions: Prevalence of Blastocystis Hominis among Preschool Children in Jatinegara Distric is high. In this study showed that there is no relationship between infections of B. hominis with the nutritional status of children under five years old in this area."

"The purpose of the study was to compare the nutritional status of children receiving supplementary food from the high and low performing health centers in East Sumba District, Indonesia.

Assessment of all 15 health centers was the first stage to determine the performance level using input output process approach, and 568 selected households from two performance categories was the second stage to investigate nutritional status. A Scoring system was used to determine the performance level, and anthropometry was used to assess nutritional status. SPSS 10.0 and Epilnfo 6.04b were used for data analyses. The study was conducted from February to March 2001.

All input-process-output and personnel capability variables between the two performance levels were significantly different. The supplementary feeding package fulfilled optimally the standard requirement, but the method and frequency of distribution did not The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly different between the two performance levels.

Lack of transportation and small number of personnel might have influenced the improper nutrition service management."

"Kekurangan Energi Protein (KEP) pada balita masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Seperti diketahui bahwa masalah gizi kurang akan berdampak pada penurunan intelegensia dan produktifitas dan pada akhirnya akan berdampak pada rendahnya tingkat intelektualitas bangsa dan menurunnya kualitas sumberdaya manusia sehingga dikhawatirkan bangsa Indonesia tidak dapat bersaing dengan bangsa lain di era globalisasi. Dengan memperhatikan masalah gizi kurang yang dihadapi dewasa ini, pemerintah dan masyarakat perlu meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan upaya penanggulangannya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap status gizi balita dan memprediksi faktor yang paling berperan terhadap kejadian status gizi kurang pada balita di pedesaan Jawa Tengah tahun 2002. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu hasil survei Helen Keller lnternasional (HKI) bekerjasama dengan Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Disain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh anak balita (umur 0-60 bulan) di wilayah pedesaan Jawa Tengah. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah multistage cluster. Dari sebanyak 8110 balita yang ada pada data sekunder, berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang sudah ditetapkan maka didapatkan sebanyak 7582 balita yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis. Status gizi balita diukur dengan pengukuran antropornetni menggunakan indeks BB/U dan disajikan dalam Z skor. Analisis data meliputi univariat, bivariat (Pearson Chi Square dan regresi logistik sederhana) dan analisis multivariat (pemodelan dengan regresi logistik multivariat).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat masalah gizi kurang di Jawa Tengah, khususnya pada balita dengan prevalensi gizi kurang (Z skor < -2 SD) sebesar 31,3 % dimana 4,6 % diantaranya adalah gizi buruk. Hasil analisis multivariat ada 6 faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap status gizi balita adalah umur anak, penyakit infeksi, status gizi ibu, pendidikan bapak, pendidikan ibu, nomor urut lahir anak, dimana masing-masing mempunyai peranan yang spesifik dalam mempengaruhi status gizi. Pengaruh penyakit infeksi pada balita terhadap status gizi berkaitan dengan keadaan sanitasi. lingkungan keluarga yang kurang baik. Faktor yang dominan dalam mempengaruhi status gizi balita adalah umur balita kemudian status gizi ibu, kemudian pendidikan ibu, pendidikan bapak, nomor urut lahir anak dan penyakit infeksi. Model regresi logistik yang terbentuk cukup mantap untuk memprediksi karena hampir 70 % variabel yang ada dalam model dapat menerangkan kondisi status gizi. Hasil ini diharapkan dapat dipakai oleh penentu kebijakan dalam penanggulangan masalah gizi kurang pada balita.Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan kepada pengelola program dan lintas sektor di tingkat kabupaten/kota dan propinsi, perlu menekankan prioritas penanggulangan masalah gizi kurang pada balita umur 6-23 bulan. Perlu dilakukan peningkatan status gizi ibu khususnya pada keluarga balita dengan sosial ekonomi rendah, melalui program pemberdayaan masyarakat, yaitu program pelatihan .khususnya kepada ibu-ibu untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan sumberdaya rumah tangga Perlu dilakukan pemberdayaan ekonomi keluarga melalui program pemberian paket produktif (sistem bergulir) pengembangan usaha ekonomi produktif sesuai dengan potensi masing-masing daerah. Untuk mengatasi adanya penyakit infeksi pada anak maka perlu penyuluhan tentang sanitasi lingkungan keluarga.Daftar Pustaka: 82 (1982-2004)

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Protein-energy malnutrition of children under five year is still health problem in Indonesia. Like we know that malnutrition will impacts - decreased intelegentia and productivity and so will impact to decreased level of nation intellectuality and decreased human resources and is apprehensived Indonesia nation can not competed with others nation in era globalization. With attention to malnutrition who was attended this time, government and community be needed increased vigilance and efforts to tackling.

The purpose of this study is to examine influence factors of nutritional status underfive children and predicted factors was most role in case malnutrition of underfive children in rural Central Java, year of 2002. This study was use secondary data from result survey of Helen Keller International joint with Office of Health Central Java Province. Study designed was cross sectional. The population was underfive children (0-60 years) in rural Central Java. Sampling methods was multistage cluster. From 8110 underfive children in secondary data, with inclusion and exclusion criteria was has been definited, so be obtained 7582 underfive children was fulfill criteria for analyzed. Nutritional status was measured with anthropometric, and weight-for-age index and was asserted with Z-score. Data analysis with univariate, bivariate (Pearson Chi Square and Logistic Regression) and multivariate (Multivariate Logistic Regression Model).

The result of study show there was malnutrition problem in Central Java, especially of underfive children with prevalence of malnutrition (Z-score < -2 SD) are 31,3 %, where 4,6 % of them is severe malnutrition. The result of multivariate analysis was there are 6 factors influenced nutritional status underfive children was children age, infection, mother nutritional status, father education, mother education, number of birth child there were each others have specific role in influenced nutritional status. Role of infection to nutritional status associated with family environment sanitation that less good. Dominant factors influenced nutritional status underfive children was children age then mother nutritional status, mother education, father education, number of birth child and infection. Logistic Regression Models that was resulted enough steady to predict because almost 70 % variable in model can explain condition of nutritional status. This result was hope can applied by provider in tackling malnutrition problem in underfive children.

The study recommended to organizer of program and cross sector in district level and province level, necessary emphasize priority tackling malnutrition problem of children age 6-23 month. Be needed to increasing mother nutritional status especially to family with low social economic, by means of community empowerment program, that is trained program especially to mother for increasing organizing family resources. Necessary to empower family economic by means of distribution productive package (turned system) effort extended productive economic appropriate with potential in each district. To tackling infection in children be needed to conducting communication about family environment sanitation.

Bibliography: 82 (1982-2004)"

"Perilaku gizi seimbang merupakan praktik pemberian aneka ragam makanan balita dengan menyertakan prinsip perilaku hidup bersih, aktifitas fisik dan mempertahankan berat badan normal. Penerapan perilaku gizi seimbang pada ibu diharap mampu mempercepat perbaikan gizi masyarakat Kemenkes,2014. Kejadian balita malnutrisi masih menjadi masalah prioritas pada negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Provinsi Banten memiliki angka balita kurus 7.3 melebihi angka nasional 6.8. Tujuan penelitian menilai hubungan antara perilaku gizi seimbang dengan status gizi balita di kecamatan Teluknaga Kabupaten Tangerang Provinsi Banten. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi cross sectional melibatkan 200 sampel ibu yang memiliki balita. Perilaku ibu diukur dengan 17 pertanyaan tentang perilaku gizi seimbang menggunakan kuesioner. Status gizi balita dinilai berdasarkan nilai z-score perbandingan berat badan dan tinggi badan BB/TB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi ibu dengan perilaku gizi seimbang buruk mencapai 34.5 dan prevalensi balita kurus dan sangat kurus 13.5 diatas rata-rata nasional 12.1. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukan hubungan antara perilaku gizi seimbang, pengetahuan gizi seimbang ibu, umur balita, riwayat imunisasi dan riwayat BBLR dengan status gizi balita. Hasil uji multivariat menemukan adanya hubungan perilaku gizi seimbang dengan status gizi balita setelah dikontrol variabel status ekonomi keluarga dengan nilai OR 3.2. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu adanya upaya promosi kesehatan masyarakat mengenai gizi seimbang untuk mempercepat peningkatan perilaku ibu guna mereduksi prevalensi balita kurus di area kerja Puskesmas Tegal Angus.

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Nutrition balanced behaviour is the practice of giving dietary diversity byincluding principles of clean living behavior, physical activity and maintaining normal weight. The Implementation of balanced nutritional behavior is expected to be able to improve the nutritional of the community Ministry of Health, 2014. The incidence of children malnutrition is still priority issue in developing countries such as in Indonesia. The prevalence of wasted of under five children was 7.3 higher than national number 6.8.

The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between nutrition balanced behavior and nutritional status of under five years children in Teluknaga Subdistrict, Tangerang district. The study used a cross sectional study design involving 200 samples of mother with under five children. Maternal behavior was measured by 17 questions about nutritional balanced behavior using a questionaire. The nutritional status of under five children assessed based on Z score ratio of body weight for heightZ Score WHZ.

The results showed that the proportion of mother with low nutrition balanced behavior reached 34.5 and the prevalence of wasting and severaly wasting 13.5 above the national average 12.1. The result of bivariate test shows the significant correlation between balanced nutririon behavior, maternal knowledge of nutrition balanced, children ages, immunization history and history of low birth weight with nutritional status of under five children. Multivariate test result after controlled variabel economic status found a relationship of nutritional balanced behavior with nutritional status of under five children with the value of OR 3.2. Based on that, its necessary to promote health promotion on balanced nutrition to accelerate the improvement of mother behavior to reduce the prevalence of wasting in the work area."