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Abstrak :
Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan nilai estimasi VO2max, aktivitas fisik, asupan gizi, status gizi, dan kebiasaan sarapan antara anggota dan bukan anggota ekstrakurikuler olahraga. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ecological study. Data dikumpulkan pada bulan Maret di SMAN 47 Jakarta. Nilai estimasi VO2max diukur menggunakan 20-meter shuttle run test, aktivitas fisik dengan kuesioner PAQ-A, asupan gizi dengan food recall 3x24 jam, status gizi dengan antropometri dan BIA untuk mengukur persen lemak tubuh, serta kebiasaan sarapan dengan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara nilai estimasi VO2max, aktivitas fisik, status gizi (IMT/U dan persen lemak tubuh), asupan energi, protein, karbohidrat, fosfor, dan magnesium pada anggota ekstrakurikuler olahraga dan bukan anggota ekstrakurikuler olahraga. Kedua kelompok diharapkan untuk rutin melakukan tes kebugaran kardiovaskuler. Pada kelompok bukan anggota ekstrakurikuler olahraga disarankan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan memperhatikan kenaikan berat badan.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the estimated of VO2max value, physical activity, nutritional intake, nutritional status, and breakfast habit between sport extracurricular participants and non-sport extracurricular participants. This research was an ecological study. The data were collected on May 2015 in SMAN 47 Jakarta. The data of estimated VO2max value was measured by 20-m shuttle run test, the physical activity by using PAQ-A questionnaire, nutritional intake by using food recall 3x24 hours, nutritional status by using anthropometry and BIA, and breakfast habit questionnaire. The result of the study showed that there were significant difference in VO2max value, physical activity, nutritional status (BMI and body fat), energy intake, protein, carbohydrate, phospor, and magnesium. It is suggested that both groups have to examine the cardiovascular fitness regularly. Non-sport extracurricular participants are suggested to increase their physical activity and control their weight.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan proporsi kelelahan fisik pada pekerja PT. X. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2015 di PT. X. Data diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner yang diisi secara mandiri, pengukuran antropometri, dan 24H food record dengan jumlah sampel 126 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk melihat perbedaan proporsi antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan proporsi antara asupan protein (P value =0,049), konsumsi air putih (P value=0,022), dan status merokok (P value=0,027) dengan kelelahan fisik. Sebaiknya perusahaan menyediakan botol untuk menampung urin, sehingga pekerja dapat mengukur warna urin dan mengetahui kecukupan konsumsi air putih selama bekerja. ......This study aims to describe the proportional difference between fatigue, physical fatigue of worker in PT. X. This study is a quantitative study using cross-sectional study design. The data were collected in May-June 2015. The data were collected by using self-administered questionnaire, anthropometric measurement, and 24H food record involving 126 respondents. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test to describe the proportion difference between the independent variables and the dependent variables. The result shows that t there are proportional differences between protein intake (P value=0,049), mineral water consumption (P value=0,022), smoking status (P value=0,027), and physical fatigue. The company is suggested to be more concerned regarding the menu in the canteen. Furthermore, the worker are suggested to be more active like increase their exercise frequency and routine by using the facilities in the company. The company should provide a bottle to accommodate the urine , so that workers can measure the color of the urine and aware of the sufficiency of white water consumption during work.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) memiliki prevalensi yang bervariasi antara 45% hingga 88% di berbagai tempat di dunia. Beberapa gejalanya berupa sakit dan kesulitan membuka mulut. Gejala ini dapat mengganggu pola makan dan pada akhirnya mengganggu status nutrisi individu penderita TMD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan perbedaan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) pada individu dengan dan tanpa TMD. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan dengan partisipan 100 orang penduduk Desa Klecoregonang, Pati, Jawa Tengah. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu status TMD, IMT, asupan nutrisi, usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, dan tingkat ekonomi. Pengambilan data dilakukan sepanjang bulan November 2020. Partisipan diwawancarai untuk mengisi kuesioner ID-TMD sebagai alat skrining TMD dan kuesioner food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) untuk mengukur asupan nutrisi. Partisipan juga diukur tinggi dan berat badannya untuk menghitung IMT. Selain itu, data usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan terakhir, dan jumlah pengeluaran per bulan juga dicatat sebagai data sosiodemografis. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji komparatif kategorik tidak berpasangan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan IMT pada partisipan dengan dan tanpa TMD (p = 0,933). Variabel confounding yang menujukkan perbedaan nilai secara statistik pada partisipan dengan dan tanpa TMD adalah asupan nutrisi (p = 0,003), usia (p = 0,025), dan tingkat ekonomi (p = 0,01). Lebih lanjut, tidak ada perbedaan IMT antar kategori asupan nutrisi (p=0,454). Kesimpulan: tidak terdapat perbedaan IMT pada partisipan dengan dan tanpa TMD. ......Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) occurrence ranged between 45%- 88% in various part of the world. Some of the symptoms include pain and mouth opening difficulty. These symptoms can interfere with eating patterns and ultimately disrupt the nutritional status of individuals with TMD. Aim of this study is to compare the differences in Body Mass Index (BMI) in individuals with and without TMD. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study with 100 participants from Klecoregonang Village, Pati, Central Java. Data collection was carried out throughout November 2020. The variables studied were TMD status as dependent variable, BMI as independent variable, and the confounding variable were nutritional intake, age, gender, education level, and economic level. Participants were interviewed to fill out ID-TMD questionnaire as TMD screening tool and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to measure nutritional intake. Participants were also measured for height and weight to calculate BMI. In addition, data about age, gender, education level, and monthly expenditure were also recorded as sociodemographic data. Results: Data analysis using unpaired categoric comparative test showed no difference in BMI between participants with and without TMD. The confounding variables that showed statistically different values for paricipants with and without TMD is nutritional intake (p = 0,003), age (p = 0,025), and economic level (p = 0,01). Furthermore, there was no difference in BMI between nutritional intake categories (p=0,454). Conclusion: there is no difference in BMI between participants with and without TMD.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Pasien Talasemia Mayor (TM) anak menderita defisiensi nutrisi karena asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi. Penghindaran makanan kaya zat besi seringkali bersamaan dengan pembatasan asupan protein. Asupan mikronutrien termasuk magnesium lebih rendah dibandingkan anak normal. Fungsi otot lebih awal terganggu akibat defisiensi nutrisi daripada massa otot. Penilaian massa otot dan Hand Grip Strength (HGS) menjadi penting untuk mengevaluasi status gizi. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang mengevaluasi hubungan antara HGS dengan asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium, LILA dan massa otot pasien anak TM. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang melibatkan 70 pasien TM anak, berusia 6-18 tahun di Pusat Talasemia RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Status gizi dievaluasi disertai pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium diperoleh melalui metode analisis diet semi-kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) dan Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Kadar Mg serum dinilai dengan menggunakan metode enzimatik-kalorimetri. Massa otot diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan HGS dinilai menggunakan Dinamometer tangan Jamar Hasil: Status gizi berdasarkan LILA/U sebagian besar berstatus gizi baik 42,9% dan malnutrisi 57,1% yakni gizi kurang (30,0%), gizi buruk (25,7%), dan obesitas (1,4%). Rerata kecukupan energi pada anak TM lelaki 100% (SB 17), sedangkan anak perempuan sebesar 112% (SB 27). Rerata asupan protein dan magnesium pada kedua kelompok lebih tinggi dibanding kebutuhan AKG. HGS berkorelasi kuat dengan massa otot (r=0,82), berkorelasi sedang dengan LILA (r=0,60), dan berkorelasi lemah dengan asupan kalori (r=-0,27), protein (r=-0,33) dan magnesium (r=-0,23), serta kadar magnesium (r=0,26). Hipermagnesemia dijumpai pada 23% subyek penelitian. Simpulan: Lebih dari separuh anak Talasemia mengalami malnutrisi walaupun asupan cukup. HGS berkorelasi dengan asupan nutrisi, LILA, dan massa otot. ......Background: Pediatric Thalassemia Major (TM) patients suffer from nutritional deficiencies due to insufficient nutritional intake. Avoidance of iron-rich foods often coincides with limiting protein intake. Micronutrient intake including magnesium is lower than in normal children. Muscle function is impaired earlier due to nutritional deficiencies than muscle mass. Assessment of muscle mass and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is important for evaluating nutritional status. Until now there has been no research in Indonesia that evaluates the relationship between HGS and calorie, protein, and magnesium intake, LILA, and muscle mass in pediatric TM patients. Methods: This research with a cross-sectional study design involved 70 pediatric TM patients, aged 6-18 years at the Thalassemia Center of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Nutritional status is evaluated by measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Calorie, protein, and magnesium intake was obtained through semi- quantitative dietary analysis methods Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Serum Mg levels were assessed using the enzymatic calorimetric method. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and HGS was assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer. Results: Nutritional status based on LILA/U was mostly good nutritional status 42.9% and malnutrition 57.1%, namely undernutrition (30.0%), poor nutrition (25.7%), and obesity (1.4%). The average energy adequacy for TM boys is 100% (SD 17), while for girls it is 112% (SD 27). The average intake of protein and magnesium in both groups was higher than the RDA requirements. HGS is strongly correlated with muscle mass (r=0.82), moderately correlated with LILA (r=0.60), and weakly correlated with calorie intake (r=-0.27), protein (r=-0.33), and magnesium (r=-0.23), as well as magnesium levels (r=0.26). Hypermagnesemia was found in 23% of study subjects. Conclusion: More than half of Thalassemia children experience malnutrition despite adequate intake. HGS correlates with nutritional intake, MUAC, and muscle mass.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Pasien Talasemia Mayor (TM) anak menderita defisiensi nutrisi karena asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi. Penghindaran makanan kaya zat besi seringkali bersamaan dengan pembatasan asupan protein. Asupan mikronutrien termasuk magnesium lebih rendah dibandingkan anak normal. Fungsi otot lebih awal terganggu akibat defisiensi nutrisi daripada massa otot. Penilaian massa otot dan Hand Grip Strength (HGS) menjadi penting untuk mengevaluasi status gizi. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang mengevaluasi hubungan antara HGS dengan asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium, LILA dan massa otot pasien anak TM. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang melibatkan 70 pasien TM anak, berusia 6-18 tahun di Pusat Talasemia RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Status gizi dievaluasi disertai pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium diperoleh melalui metode analisis diet semi-kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) dan Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Kadar Mg serum dinilai dengan menggunakan metode enzimatik-kalorimetri. Massa otot diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan HGS dinilai menggunakan Dinamometer tangan Jamar. Hasil: Status gizi berdasarkan LILA/U sebagian besar berstatus gizi baik 42,9% dan malnutrisi 57,1% yakni gizi kurang (30,0%), gizi buruk (25,7%), dan obesitas (1,4%). Rerata kecukupan energi pada anak TM lelaki 100% (SB 17), sedangkan anak perempuan sebesar 112% (SB 27). Rerata asupan protein dan magnesium pada kedua kelompok lebih tinggi dibanding kebutuhan AKG. HGS berkorelasi kuat dengan massa otot (r=0,82), berkorelasi sedang dengan LILA (r=0,60), dan berkorelasi lemah dengan asupan kalori (r=-0,27), protein (r=-0,33) dan magnesium (r=-0,23), serta kadar magnesium (r=0,26). Hipermagnesemia dijumpai pada 23% subyek penelitian. Simpulan: Lebih dari separuh anak Talasemia mengalami malnutrisi walaupun asupan cukup. HGS berkorelasi dengan asupan nutrisi, LILA, dan massa otot. ......Background: Pediatric Thalassemia Major (TM) patients suffer from nutritional deficiencies due to insufficient nutritional intake. Avoidance of iron-rich foods often coincides with limiting protein intake. Micronutrient intake including magnesium is lower than in normal children. Muscle function is impaired earlier due to nutritional deficiencies than muscle mass. Assessment of muscle mass and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is important for evaluating nutritional status. Until now there has been no research in Indonesia that evaluates the relationship between HGS and calorie, protein, and magnesium intake, LILA, and muscle mass in pediatric TM patients. Methods: This research with a cross-sectional study design involved 70 pediatric TM patients, aged 6-18 years at the Thalassemia Center of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Nutritional status is evaluated by measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Calorie, protein, and magnesium intake was obtained through semi- quantitative dietary analysis methods Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Serum Mg levels were assessed using the enzymatic calorimetric method. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and HGS was assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer. Results: Nutritional status based on LILA/U was mostly good nutritional status 42.9% and malnutrition 57.1%, namely undernutrition (30.0%), poor nutrition (25.7%), and obesity (1.4%). The average energy adequacy for TM boys is 100% (SD 17), while for girls it is 112% (SD 27). The average intake of protein and magnesium in both groups was higher than the RDA requirements. HGS is strongly correlated with muscle mass (r=0.82), moderately correlated with LILA (r=0.60), and weakly correlated with calorie intake (r=-0.27), protein (r=-0.33), and magnesium (r=-0.23), as well as magnesium levels (r=0.26). Hypermagnesemia was found in 23% of study subjects. Conclusion: More than half of Thalassemia children experience malnutrition despite adequate intake. HGS correlates with nutritional intake, MUAC, and muscle mass.