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"Bank sebagai lembaga intermediasi dalam memberikan kredit wajib berpedoman pada prinsip pemberian kredit seperti 5C, 5P dan sebagainya yang merupakan penerapan dari prinsip perbankan mengenai kehati-hatian, kepercayaan dan mengenal nasabah. Walaupun proses tersebut telah dijelani tetapi terdapat beberapa kredit bermasalah dimana selanjutnya dapat dilakukan penyelesaian kredit melalui lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan, seperti dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Banda Aceh Nomor 39/Pdt.G/2013/PN.BNA antara Tn. I dan PT. Bank X Tbk serta KPKNL Banda Aceh. Adapun pokok permasalahan yaitu bagiamana peraturan perundang-undangan mengatur mengenai proses penyelesaian kredit bermasalah khsusunya melalui mekanisme lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan dan bagaimana kesesuaian lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan yang dilakukan oleh PT. Bank X Tbk dalam putusan Pengadilan Banda Aceh tersebut. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan yaitu yuridis normative. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai penyelesaian kredit bermasalah melalui lelang yaitu Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 93/PMK.06/2010 sebagaimana dirubah dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 106/PMK.06/2013, disamping peraturan internal PT. Bank X Tbk untuk beberapa hal dan tepat putusan hakim terkait dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Banda Aceh Nomor 39/Pdt.G/2013/PN.BNA tersebut.

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Bank as an intermediary in providing the credit shall be guided by the principles of lending such as 5C, 5P and so on which is the application of the principles concerning prudential banking, trust and get to know the customers. Although the process has been dijelani but there are a few problem loans which can then be carried out settlement of loans through an auction execution encumbrance, as in the Banda Aceh District Court decision No. 39/Pdt.G/2013/PN.BNA between Mr. I and PT. Bank X Tbk and KPKNL Banda Aceh. As for the subject matter that is how North of legislation regulating the process of resolving problem loans through an auction mechanism khsusunya execution of mortgage and how the suitability of the execution of mortgage auction conducted by PT. Bank X Tbk in Banda Aceh the Court's decision. The research method used is the juridical normative. It can be concluded that the legislation regulating the settlement of non-performing loans through auctions that Minister of Finance Regulation No. 93/PMK.06/2010 as amended by the Minister of Finance Regulation No. 106/PMK.06/2013, in addition to internal regulations PT. Bank X Tbk for some things and right verdict related to the Banda Aceh District Court decision No. 39/Pdt.G/2013/PN.BNA."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh diversifikasi pendapatan terhadap kualitas aset dan biaya dana bank, dengan fokus pada peran moderasi kinerja Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) dari 2015 hingga 2023. Skor pengungkapan ESG diperoleh dari Refinitiv Eikon. Menggunakan data unbalanced panel dari 99 bank di 12 negara, penelitian ini menerapkan metode Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) untuk mengatasi potensi endogenitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi pendapatan nonbunga yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan meningkatkan rasio nonperforming loans to gross loans, yang mengindikasikan bahwa diversifikasi pendapatan dapat menurunkan kualitas aset. Sebaliknya, pendapatan nonbunga berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap cost of funds, yang menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi pendapatan membantu menurunkan biaya dana bank. Kinerja ESG berperan sebagai variabel moderasi yang melemahkan dampak negatif diversifikasi pendapatan terhadap kualitas aset, tetapi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hubungan antara diversifikasi pendapatan dan biaya dana. Kinerja lingkungan dan sosial secara signifikan membantu mengimbangi dampak negatif diversifikasi pendapatan terhadap kualitas aset. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi bank dan regulator dalam meningkatkan ketahanan sektor perbankan melalui strategi diversifikasi pendapatan dan integrasi ESG.

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This study examines the impact of income diversification on asset quality and cost of funds in banks, with a focus on the moderating role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance from 2015 to 2023. ESG disclosure scores were obtained from Refinitiv Eikon. Using unbalanced panel data from 99 banks across 12 countries, the study applies the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method to address potential endogeneity. The results show that a higher proportion of non-interest income significantly increases the nonperforming loans to gross loans ratio, indicating that income diversification lower asset quality. Conversely, non-interest income has a significant negative effect on the cost of funds, suggesting that diversification helps reduce banks' funding costs. ESG performance moderates the negative impact of income diversification on asset quality but does not significantly affect the relationship between income diversification and cost of funds. Environmental and social performance significantly help offset the negative impact of income diversification on asset quality. These findings provide practical implications for banks and regulators in enhancing the resilience of the banking sector through income diversification strategies and ESG integration. "