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"Penelitian ini mengembangkan model estimasi kadar hemoglobin non-invasif menggunakan sinyal photoplethysmography (PPG) tiga panjang gelombang (hijau, inframerah, merah) dari sensor MAXM86161. Data dikumpulkan dari 52 subjek (pria, wanita nonhamil, wanita hamil), dengan 49 fitur diekstraksi dari setiap sinyal. Fitur diseleksi menggunakan enam metode (Correlation, Corr+ReliefF, Lasso, MI, MI+Lasso, ReliefF+MI) dan diuji pada empat model regresi (Random Forest, XGBoost, SVR, MLP). Kombinasi ReliefF+MI dengan 15 fitur menghasilkan performa terbaik pada Random Forest (MAE test 0,49 g/dL, R² test 0,93) dan XGBoost (MAE test 0,51 g/dL, R² test 0,93). Fitur utama meliputi ch1_h1_power dan ch3_dyn_component dari kanal hijau dan merah, serta variabel demografis (usia, gender, trimester), sedangkan kanal inframerah kurang berkontribusi. SVR menghasilkan MAE test >1,84 g/dL dan R² test <0,20, sementara MLP menunjukkan overfitting (R² val < -1,18). Prediksi mencapai akurasi 97% namun kurang akurat pada hemoglobin ekstrem (<12 g/dL atau >16 g/dL, Absolute Error ≥1,2 g/dL). Rekomendasi meliputi perluasan dataset dan optimasi regularisasi model untuk meningkatkan generalisasi sebelum penerapan klinis.

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This study developed a model for estimating non-invasive hemoglobin levels using a three-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) signal (green, infrared, red) from a MAXM86161 sensor. Data were collected from 52 subjects (men, non-pregnant women, pregnant women), with 49 features extracted from each signal. Features were selected using six methods (Correlation, Corr+ReliefF, Lasso, MI, MI+Lasso, ReliefF+MI) and tested on four regression models (Random Forest, XGBoost, SVR, MLP). The combination of ReliefF+MI with 15 features yields the best performance on Random Forest (MAE test 0.49 g/dL, R² test 0.93) and XGBoost (MAE test 0.51 g/dL, R² test 0.93). Key features include the ch1_h1_power and ch3_dyn_component of the green and red channels, as well as demographic variables (age, gender, trimester), while the infrared channel contributes less. The SVR produced an MAE test >1.84 g/dL and an R² test <0.20, while the MLP showed overfitting (R² val < -1.18). The prediction achieved 97% accuracy but was less accurate at extreme hemoglobin (<12 g/dL or >16 g/dL, Absolute Error ≥1.2 g/dL). Recommendations include expanding the dataset and optimizing the regularization of the model to improve generalization before clinical application. "

"Endometriosis merupakan penyakit ginekologi kronis yang ditandai dengan sel-sel kelenjar dan stroma endometrium yang tumbuh di luar rongga uterus dan dapat mengganggu reseptivitas endometrium. Standar emas untuk diagnosis endometriosis adalah dengan melakukan operasi laparoskopi. Prosedur ini merupakan prosedur invasif yang memiliki risiko melukai endometrium. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan diagnosis noninvasif untuk endometriosis yang dapat mengurangi ketidaknyamanan penderita. Salah satu metode noninvasif yang dapat digunakan adalah deteksi biomarker. Salah satu biomarker yang menandakan reseptivitas endometrium adalah Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi ekspresi gen LIF dari sampel darah perifer pada wanita penderita endometriosis dan wanita normal yang sedang menjalani program in-vitro fertilization (IVF) sebagai penanda reseptivitas endometrium. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis 15 sampel darah wanita pengidap endometriosis dan 15 sampel darah wanita normal menggunakan metode RT-qPCR absolut dengan kurva standar. Kurva standar dibuat dengan fragmen gen LIF, didapatkan nilai efisiensi sebesar 117,74% dan nilai R2 sebesai 0,880345. Kedua nilai tersebut tidak masuk ke dalam kriteria yang baik. Sementara itu, Uji-U Mann-Whitney menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada ekspresi gen LIF dari sampel darah wanita penderita endometriosis dan gen LIF dari sampel darah wanita normal. Ekspresi gen LIF terdeteksi pada darah perifer sehingga gen LIF memiliki potensi kuat untuk menjadi biomarker reseptivitas endometrium pada wanita penderita endometriosis. Namun, ekspresi gen LIF pada sampel darah wanita penderita endometriosis dan sampel darah wanita tanpa endometriosis tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata.

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Endometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by endometrial glandular and stromal cells that grow outside the uterine cavity and can interfere with endometrial receptivity. The gold standard for the endometriosis diagnosis is laparoscopic surgery. This procedure is an invasive procedure that carries the risk of injuring the endometrium. Therefore, a noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis is needed which can reduce the number of sufferers. One of the non-invasive methods that can be used is biomarker detection. One of the biomarkers that indicates endometrial receptivity is Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). This study aims to detect LIF gene expression from blood samples in women with endometriosis and normal women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) as a marker of endometrial receptivity. This study was conducted by analyzing 15 blood samples of women with endometriosis and 15 normal women blood samples using absolute RT-qPCR method with standard curves. The standard curve was made with the LIF gene fragment, getting an efficiency value of 117.74% and an R2 value of 0.880345. Both values do not fit into a good criterion. Meanwhile, the Mann-Whitney U-test showed no significant difference in the expression of the LIF gene from blood samples of women with endometriosis and the LIF gene from blood samples of normal women. Expression of LIF was detected in peripheral blood so that the LIF has a strong potential to be a biomarker of endometrial receptivity in women with endometriosis. However, the expression of the LIF in blood samples of women with endometriosis and blood samples of women without endometriosis did not show significant differences."

"Badak sumatera (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) merupakan salah satu mamalia yang terancam kritis menurut IUCN. Upaya pelestarian spesies langka tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan kegiatan pemantauan populasi. Akan tetapi, perilaku yang elusif dan soliter menyebabkan pemantauan konvensional menjadi kurang efektif. Metode pemantauan menggunakan environmental DNA dari sampel sedimen kubangan memungkinkan untuk digunakan sebagai metode noninvasif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk merancang primer yang spesifik bagi cytochrome b (cytb) badak sumatera, menganalisis eDNA dari sedimen kubangan badak menggunakan teknik qPCR, serta menganalisis pengaruh waktu dan faktor lingkungan (suhu, pH, sinar UV, dan turbiditas) terhadap konsentrasi DNA pada kubangan aktif dan nonaktif. Pengujian primer spesifik dilakukan dengan mengamplifikasi eDNA dari 44 sampel sedimen pada kubangan aktif dan nonaktif di Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan primer eDS mampu mengamplifikasi 150 pb cytb secara spesifik. Hasil qPCR juga mampu mendeteksi 54,54% sampel eDNA dari kubangan aktif dan nonaktif. Faktor waktu dan lingkungan juga tidak berhubungan atau berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variasi konsentrasi DNA badak sumatera. Akan tetapi, sedimen kubangan dapat digunakan sebagai sampel noninvasif dalam pemantauan populasi badak di alam meskipun perlu dilakukan optimasi lebih lanjut.

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Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) is a critically endangered mammal according to IUCN. Efforts to preserve this endangered species could be conducted by monitoring the population. However, its elusive and solitary behaviour makes conventional monitoring less effective. The monitoring effort using environmental DNA from sedimentary wallow samples should be considered as noninvasive method. Aims of this study were to design specific primers for sumatran rhino’s cytochrome b (cytb), analyze eDNA from sumatran rhino’s sedimentary wallows using qPCR technique, and analyze time and environmental factors’ (temperature, pH, UV light, and turbidity) effect on DNA concentrations in both active and inactive wallows. The specificity of primers was applied by amplifying eDNA from 44 sediment samples in active and inactive wallows in WKNP. The results showed that eDS primers were able to specifically amplify 150 bp of cytb. The qPCR results were also able to detect 54.54% of eDNA samples from active and inactive wallows. External factors (time and environmental factors) were also not related or had significant effects on DNA concentrations. However, wallow sediment can be used as a noninvasive sample in monitoring rhino populations in the wild, although further optimization is needed."