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Abstrak :
Perluasan ruang lingkup studi keamanan yang keluar dari konsepsi keamanan tradisional memungkinkan pembahasan terhadap ancaman yang terjadi di level individu mendorong naiknya pembahasan terkait perdagangan anak. Perdagangan anak merupakan salah satu ragam isu dalam payung besar kejahatan perdagangan manusia. Dalam hal ini, anak menjadi suatu komoditas yang diperdagangkan untuk berbagai bentuk eksploitasi. Kejahatan perdagangan anak terjadi secara universal dan dapat terjadi secara transnasional maupun di dalam internal negara. Dengan begitu, dibutuhkan kerjasama pada level internasional, regional, maupun domestik dalam upaya penanganannya. Kendati demikian, pembahasan perdagangan anak sebagai suatu isu tersendiri masih relatif kurang dieksplorasi lebih jauh. Penulis berusaha untuk melakukan pembahasan lebih lanjut terhadap isu perdagangan anak melihat tingginya profitabilitas dan angka perkiraan korban. Tinjauan literatur ini dibuat dengan metode pengorganisasian taksonomi yang mengategorisasikan topik bahasan pada 46 literatur menjadi empat tema besar, yaitu instrumen hukum, karakteristik, permasalahan, dan peranan Transnational Advocacy Network (TAN) dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) pada isu perdagangan anak. Penulis mendapatkan beberapa temuan yang sentral terhadap pembahasan perdagangan anak: (1) kemiskinan struktural merupakan faktor pendorong utama dari perdagangan anak; (2) kejahatan perdagangan anak lebih didominasi oleh peranan kelompok kejahatan berskala kecil daripada kelompok kejahatan terorganisir transnasional; (3) aktor non-negara seperti LSM dan TAN memiliki peranan yang signifikan dalam penanganan isu perdagangan anak, terlebih pada negara dengan pemerintah yang cenderung abai terhadap isu tersebut; (4) instrumen hukum perdagangan anak masih didominasi oleh diskursus proteksionisme yang mencegah anak untuk bermigrasi sebab melihat anak sebagai kelompok yang rentan, pasif, dan belum dapat membuat keputusannya sendiri. ......The expansion of the scope of security studies beyond the traditional conception of security allows discussion of threats that occur at the individual level to encourage increased discussion of child trafficking. Trafficking in children is one of the various issues in the big umbrella of human trafficking crimes. In this case, children become a commodity that is traded for various forms of exploitation. The crime of trafficking in children occurs universally and can occur transnationally or within a country. Thus, cooperation at the international, regional, and domestic levels is needed in efforts to handle it. Nevertheless, the discussion of child trafficking as a separate issue is still relatively under-explored. The author tries to conduct a further discussion on the issue of child trafficking in view of its high profitability and estimated number of victims. This literature review was made using a taxonomic organizing method that categorizes the topics of discussion in 46 literatures into four major themes: legal instruments, characteristics, problems, and the role of the Transnational Advocacy Network (TAN) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) on the issue of child trafficking. The author obtains several findings that are central to the discussion of child trafficking: (1) structural poverty is the main driving factor of child trafficking; (2) the crime of trafficking in children is dominated by the role of small-scale crime groups rather than transnational organized crime groups; (3) non-state actors such as NGOs and TAN have a significant role in handling the issue of child trafficking, especially in countries with governments that tend to be ignorant of the issue; (4) the legal instruments for trafficking in children are still dominated by protectionist discourses that prevent children from migrating because they see children as a group that is vulnerable, passive, and unable to make their own decisions.

Abstrak :
The development of technology has brought us to a world with much efficiency in many activities covering information exchange, economic, and social activities. The growing network is now connecting people all over the world-indiviuals, corporation, goverment institutions, even crime organization-with many types of device ranging from mobile phone, television, personal computer, to public infrastructure. A more interconnected world does not come with only advantages and opportunities, new threats are emerging in the virtual domain which we called as the cyberspace. This article elaborates the cyberspace with its threats form the wide scope of global context with the case study of Indonesia in particular. THe aim of this article is to introduce the needs of growing strategic management in cyber security. It also discusses cyberthreats as many people still do not aware of those threats and to generate thinkging over the importance of strategic management in cyber security, including an applicable strategy as we need a comprehensive reactive and proactive approach to tackle this issue in international relations today. Domestically, Indonesia also needs to further develop its cyber diplomacy to further anticipate any possible cyber disruptions to its national interest.

Abstrak :
The development of technology has brought us to a world with much efficiency in many activities covering information exchange, economic, and social activities. The growing network is now connecting people all over the world-indiviuals, corporation, goverment institutions, even crime organization-with many types of device ranging from mobile phone, television, personal computer, to public infrastructure. A more interconnected world does not come with only advantages and opportunities, new threats are emerging in the virtual domain which we called as the cyberspace. This article elaborates the cyberspace with its threats form the wide scope of global context with the case study of Indonesia in particular. THe aim of this article is to introduce the needs of growing strategic management in cyber security. It also discusses cyberthreats as many people still do not aware of those threats and to generate thinkging over the importance of strategic management in cyber security, including an applicable strategy as we need a comprehensive reactive and proactive approach to tackle this issue in international relations today. Domestically, Indonesia also needs to further develop its cyber diplomacy to further anticipate any possible cyber disruptions to its national interest.

Abstrak :
The writer argues, from the ne-instutionalist perspective, that cooperation in the Asia-Pacific should be harnessed towards the attaiment of a negotiated regime....

Abstrak :
Perompakan maritim merupakan sebuah ancaman keamanan yang telah menjadi momok bagi berbagai peradaban maritim dunia sejak masa lampau. Di Asia Tenggara khususnya, ancaman ini telah berevolusi di masa kontemporer menjadi salah satu tantangan keamanan maritim yang masih harus ditanggulangi oleh negara-negara di wilayah tersebut. Ramainya lalu lintas di Selat Malaka, luasnya wilayah Laut Tiongkok Selatan, dan taburan pulau-pulau di Selatan Filipina menjadi tempat perburuan perompak kontemporer yang ditakuti oleh komunitas maritim di Asia Tenggara. Berbagai bentuk upaya untuk melawan perompakan telah dirumuskan oleh aktor-aktor terkait di Asia Tenggara sejak kemunculannya pada awal tahun 1990-an, dari tindakan-tindakan unilateral, hingga kerjasama dengan pihak ekstra-regional. Tinjauan literatur ini mengumpulkan dan menganalisis 29 literatur menggunakan metode taksonomi dan membaginya menjadi dua tema, yakni: 1) perompakan sebagai ancaman keamanan, yang akan menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk dan faktor-faktor dari perompakan di Asia Tenggara; dan 2) upaya penanggulangan perompakan, yang akan membahas kerjasama penanggulangan perompakan di Asia Tenggara berdasarkan pendekatan hukum dan pendekatan keamanan. Dari pembahasan literatur mengenai tema tersebut, penulis kemudian melakukan mengidentifikasi konsensus, perdebatan, dan temuan-temuan lain yang menonjol dalam literatur-literatur tersebut. Sebagai hasil penelusuran dalam tulisan ini, penulis menemukan bahwa perompakan dikategorisasikan berdasarkan tingkat keorganisasian dan kekerasan, dipengaruhi oleh tujuh faktor pembentuk, serta upaya kerjasama penanggulangannya dihambat oleh karakteristik negara-negara Asia Tenggara yang mementingkan kedaulatan negara dan integritas wilayah di atas kerjasama. Namun demikian, perkembangan literatur ini juga menunjukkan adanya upaya peningkatan kerjasama dan pemecahan masalah yang semakin terfokus dengan bentuk-bentuk adaptasi terhadap tantangan-tantangan yang telah identifikasi tersebut. ......Maritime piracy is a security threat that has become a scourge for various world maritime civilizations since the earliest days. In Southeast Asia in particular, this threat has evolved in contemporary times to become one of the most troublesome maritime security challenges that still must be addressed by countries in the region. The rich maritime traffic in the Straits of Malacca, the vast area of ​​the South China Sea, and the sprinkling of islands in the Southern Philippines are ideal hunting grounds for contemporary pirates, feared by maritime communities in Southeast Asia. Various forms of efforts to fight piracy have been formulated by relevant actors in Southeast Asia since its emergence in the early 1990s, ranging from unilateral actions by states, to cooperation with extra-regional parties. This literature review collects and analyzes 29 literature using the taxonomy method which is mainly divided into two themes, namely: 1) piracy as a security threat, which will explain the forms and factors of piracy in Southeast Asia; and 2) counter-piracy efforts, which will discuss cooperation against piracy in Southeast Asia based on a legal approach and a security approach. From the discussion of the literatures on the theme, the author then identify the consensuses, debates, and other findings that stand out among the literatures. From this analysis, the author finds that piracy is categorized based on the levels of organization and violence, is influenced by seven forming factors, and that cooperative efforts to combat it are hampered by the characteristics of Southeast Asian countries, which prioritizes state sovereignty and territorial integrity above cooperation. However, the development of this literature also shows that there are efforts to increase cooperation and problem-solving measures that are increasingly focused on the adaptations to the challenges that have been identified.

Abstrak :
Non-Traditional Security in Asia examines the critical security challenges faced by states and societies in Asia including health, food, water, natural disasters, internal conflict, forced migration, energy, transnational crime, and cyber security. Through the development of a comprehensive analytical framework that establishes the key ingredients to policy evaluation, the editors draw on a wide variety of experts to collaborate in investigating these crucial issues. This inclusive framework ensures that all voices are heard including those oftentimes under-represented and marginalized in society to ensure that academic and policy debates are well informed about the often complex and nuanced nature of these non-traditional security challenges.