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Abstrak :
By offering critical perspectives of normative developments within international law, this volume of essays unites academics from various disciplines to address concerns regarding the interpretation and application of international law in context. The authors present common challenges within international criminal law, human rights, environmental law and trade law, and point to unintended risks and consequences, in particular for vulnerable interests such as women and the environment. Omissions within normative or institutional frameworks are highlighted and the importance of addressing accountability of state and non-state actors for violations or regressions of minimum protection guarantees is underscored. Overall, it advocates harmonisation over fragmentation, pursuant to the aspiration of asserting the interests of our collective humanity without necessarily advocating an international constitutional order"-- Provided by publisher.Machine generated contents note: Introduction Cecilia M. Bailliet; Part I. Protection Gaps within International Criminal Law: 1. Creating international law: gender as new paradigm Catherine MacKinnon; 2. Legal redress for children on the front line: the invisibility of the female child Christine Byron; 3. Understanding the post-conflict terrain for women in the context of prevailing gender hierarchies: stereotypes and masculinities Fionnuala Ní Aolín; 4. Who is the most able and willing? Complementarity and victim reparations at the International Criminal Court Edda Kristjánsdóttir; Part II. Measuring the Impact of Non-State Actors within International Human Rights: 5. What is to become of the human rights-based international order within an age of neo-medievalism? Cecilia M. Bailliet; 6. Productive tensions: women's rights NGOs, the 'mainstream' human rights movement, and international lawmaking Karima Bennoune; 7. Transnational lawmaking in Oslo - Norwegian-Pakistani women at the interface Anne Hellum; Part III. Confronting the Challenge of Environmental Protection, Climate Change, and Sustainable Development: New Actors and Shifting Norms: 8. The creation of international law of climate change: complexities of sub-state actors Hari M. Osofsky; 9. International environmental law and soft law: a new direction or a contradiction? Sumudu Atapattu; 10. Assuming away the problem: grappling with the vexing relationship between international trade and environmental protection Rebecca Bratspies; 11. Quo vadis, Europe? The significance of sustainable development as objective, principle and rule of EU law Beate Sjåfjell; 12. Conclusion Hilary Charlesworth.

Abstrak :
In this book, self-defence against non-state actors is examined by three scholars whose geographical, professional, theoretical, and methodological backgrounds and outlooks differ greatly. Their trialogue is framed by an introduction and a conclusion by the series editors. The novel scholarly format accommodates the pluralism and value changes of the current era, a shifting world order and the rise in nationalism and populism. It brings to light the cultural, professional and political pluralism which characterises international legal scholarship and exploits this pluralism as a heuristic device. This multiperspectivism exposes how political factors and intellectual styles influence the scholarly approaches and legal answers and the trialogical structure encourages its participants to decentre their perspectives. By explicitly focussing on the authors' divergence and disagreement, a richer understanding of self-defence against non-state actors is achieved, and the legal challenges and possible ways ahead identified.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan teknologi membawa perubahan terhadap mudahnya masyarakat dalam menyampaikan pendapat. Akan tetapi, negara melakukan tanggapan dengan adanya upaya pembatasan yakni otoritarianisme digital. Otoritarianisme digital dilakukan melalui berbagai cara seperti pembatasan akses, pembatasan konten, kekerasan digital, dan pembentukan wacana digital. Oleh Althusser, pelaku dari otoritarianisme digital kemudian turut mengikutsertakan aktor non-negara dalam praktiknya. Penulisan ini mencoba untuk menjabarkan bagaimana otoritarianisme digital dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2018 sampai 2023. Penulisan ini menggunakan teknik analisis isi kualitatif serta menggunakan teori dari realitas sosial Quinney, serta konsep dari kejahatan negara. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya penggunaan langkah-langkah yang digunakan oleh negara dalam melakukan pembungkaman terhadap masyarakat yang mencoba mengganggu legitimasi pemerintah melalui otoritarianisme digital. ......The development of technology has brought about changes in how easily people can express their opinions. However, the state responds to this development by implementing restrictive measures known as digital authoritarianism. Digital authoritarianism is implemented through various means such as access restrictions, content censorship, digital violence, and the shaping of digital discourse. According to Althusser, actors involved in digital authoritarianism also involve non-state actors in their practices. This paper aims to elucidate how the Indonesian government has implemented digital authoritarianism from 2018 to 2023. The study employs qualitative content analysis and draws on Quinney's theory of social reality and the concept of state crime. The findings of the data analysis reveal the adoption of measures by the state to suppress individuals or groups attempting to challenge the government's legitimacy through digital authoritarianism.

Abstrak :
This article discusses the complex nature of world politics making a special reference to the growing roles of the flexible and loosely organized coalitions formed between NGOs from different backgrounds and with different mandates....

Abstrak :
Trafficking in women and children for forced prostitution is one of the fastest growing transnational criminal activities in the world today. This illegal activity is considered the third largest source of profit for transnational organized crime, after drugs and weapons, generating billions of dollars annually. Although many countries are concerned about the problem, we know that not one of them has made much progress in stopping this trafficking in women and children. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from on empirical study of the problem in Malaysia. Specifically, the study .seeks to reveal the magnitude of tire problem in Malaysia. and to determine the major sources anti destinations of the women and children who are being trafficked. In additions, the efforts of the Malaysian government to curb the problem are being studied. The paper suggests that we should fool at the problem from the perspective of the " human security " concept, which puts the security and well being of the individuals of a country as a top priority, and thereby strengthens the country as a whole, including its security as a stare.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Why do some local rebel groups choose to form asymmetric alliances with large transnational terrorist organizations. This paper examines asymmetric terrorist alliance patterns by studying the international ties of domestic insurgencies in Southeast Asia. It uses data from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand to construct a theory defining the determinants of the choice of alliance strategies by terrorist groups. The findings conclude that rebels with limited aims prefer to act alone out of fear of entrapment. They are cautious of becoming associated with the struggle of transnational radical groups and provoking organized response from international and regional counterterrorism authorities. Local groups are more likely to seek alliance with an established movement when they have ambitious final objectives, challenging the core interests of the target state. In this case, the benefits of training and logistic support provided by an experienced organization outweigh the costs of becoming a target for coordinated counterterrorist campaign.