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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Compared with conventional nitrification and denitrification processes, Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) has the potential to be an innovative, cost-effective, suitable alternative to processing nitrogen waste (Zhang, 2016), however, Anammoxbased processes are limited from being fully implemented in the industry due to slow growth rates, low cell yields, and high variable responses to external environment (Yu, 2016). The purpose of this research is assessing the inhibitory effects of copper (Cu2+) on activity of Candidatus Brocadia Anammoxidans. Multiple batch toxicity tests are used to determine the stimulative and inhibitive behaviour of Anammox activity under copper concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg/L, and under exposure periods of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours. Its observed that the inhibition across increasing concentration of copper increases as the exposure period increases. Under longer exposure period to Copper, the degree of which Anammox is inhibited will increase. Its been observed that Anammox is unrecoverable when exposed to copper concentrations of greater than 2.5 mg/L and exposed for longer than 4 hours. The IC50 values (the concentration of Copper inhibiting 50% of Anammox activity) for Four, Six, Eight, and Twenty-Four hour exposure periods are 8.30 mg/L, 3.92 mg/L, 4.32 mg/L, and 0.11 mg/L, respectively. This indicates that Anammox is sensitive to the level of copper in the median and the length of time it exposed to copper, as well as exhibiting unrecoverable inhibition under conditions stated previously. The main findings from this study will help aid in further improving the implementation of Anammox based processes in treatment of nitrogen rich effluents.

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ABSTRAK
Dibandingkan dengan proses nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi konvensional, Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) memiliki potensi untuk menjadi alternatif yang inovatif, hemat biaya, dan cocok untuk pengolahan limbah nitrogen (Zhang, 2016). Namun, proses berbasis amonia terbatas untuk sepenuhnya diimplementasikan di industri karena tingkat pertumbuhan yang lambat, hasil sel yang rendah, dan respons variabel yang tinggi terhadap lingkungan eksternal (Yu, 2016). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai efek penghambatan tembaga (Cu2+) pada aktivitas Candidatus Brocadia Anammoxidans. Beberapa tes toksisitas digunakan untuk mengukur aktivitas pada konsentrasi tembaga 0, 2,5, 5, 10, dan 15 mg/L, dalam periode paparan 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 24 jam. Diamati bahwa penghambatan peningkatan konsentrasi tembaga meningkat dengan bertambahnya periode paparan. Di bawah periode paparan Tembaga yang lebih panjang, tingkat di mana Anammox terhambat akan meningkat. Telah diamati bahwa Anammox tidak dapat dipulihkan ketika terpapar dengan konsentrasi tembaga lebih besar dari 2.5mg/L lebih dari 4 jam. Nilai IC50 (konsentrasi tembaga yang menghambat 50% aktivitas anammox) untuk periode paparan 4, 6, 8, dan 24 jam masing-masing adalah 8,30 mg/L,3,92 mg/L, 4,32 mg/L, 4,32 mg/L, dan 0,11 mg/L. Ini menunjukkan bahwa Anammox sensitif terhadap tingkat tembaga di median dan lamanya waktu paparan pada tembaga, dan juga tidak dapat dipulihkan dalam kondisi yang telah dinyatakan sebelumnya. Temuan utama dari penelitian ini akan membantu dalam implementasi proses berbasis Anammox dalam penanganan limbah yang kaya akan nitrogen.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Two laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR) arranged in series were used to evaluate bioxidadon and nitrogen removal from a synthetic sewage consisting of acetic acid as the carbon source. Microprocessor based timer were used to control various phases in the SBR?s phases. This paper discusses the result of varying recycle ratio, returned mixed liquor, in bioxidation, denitrification and nitrification process in the modified SBR Generally, as the recycle ratio increased if was found to give a better the removal efficiency in terms of organic carbon and total nitrogen removal. The modified SBR, in general. shows promise as an effective treatment alternative to the conventional activated sludge process.