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"ABSTRAKMetode nisbah bagi hasil sebagai sistem yang diterapkan dalam perbankan syariah khususnya pada akad pembiayaan musyarakah seharusnya dapat memberikan keadilan. Hal ini karena pembayaran nisbah bagi hasil kerap dilakukan di awal pencairan dana saat proyek belum berjalan dan keuntungan belum diperoleh. Hal ini tentu memicu permasalahan,sebagaimana tercermin dalam perkara putusan Mahkamah Agung No:47/PDT.G/2019/PT.A.SMD. Dalam tesis ini penulis akan mengkaji putusan tersebut dengan pokok pembahasan mengenai penerapan metode nisbah bagi hasil pembiayaan musyarakah pada PT. Bank Syariah X serta peran dan tanggung jawab notaris dalam membuat akad pembiayaan musyarakahpada perbankan syariah. Adapun tesis ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif yang menggunakan data sekunder dalam menganalisis permasalahan. Hasil penelitian adalah penerapan metode nisbah bagi hasil pada pembiayaan musyarakah di PT. Bank Syariah X tidak sesuai dengan prinsip syariah. Hal ini berdasarkan Fatwa DSN No.08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang Pembiayaan Musyarakah bahwa setiap keuntungan mitra harus dibagikan secara proporsional atas dasar seluruh keuntungan dan tidak ada jumlah yang ditentukan di awal yang ditetapkan bagi seorang mitra. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan narasumber bahwa seharusnya nisbah dibagikan setelah proyek mendapatkan keuntungan, jika nisbah harus dibayarkan nasabah kepada bank pada saat pencairan dana maka hal ini merubah sifat akad musyarakah menjadi riba.

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ABSTRACTThe method of the ratio of the result as a system applied in Sharia banking, especially in the deliberative financing scheme, should be able to provide justice. This is because the payment of the ratio of results is often done at the beginning of disbursement when the project has not been run and profits have not earned. This certainly triggered the problem, as reflected in the case of Supreme Court ruling No:47/PDT.G/2019/PT.A.Smd. In this thesis the author will examine the ruling on the subject of the discussion on the implementation of the method of the ratio of disaster financing to PT. Bank Syariah X and the role and responsibility of the notary in making the musyarakah financing agreement on sharia banking. The thesis is a normative juridical study that uses secondary data to analyse problems. The results of the research is the implementation of the method of ratio of the results to the financing of the musyarakah in PT. Bank Syariah X not in accordance with sharia principles. It is based on the Fatwa DSN No. 08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 on the deliberative financing that each partner's profits must be shared proportionally on the basis of the entire profit and no amount determined at the initial set for a partner. Based on the results of interviews with the speakers that should the ratio be distributed after the project profit, if the ratio should be paid by the customer to the bank at the time of disbursement, this changed the nature of musyarakah to riba."

"Protein sangat berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tubuh. Mutu protein ditentukan oleh kandungan asam aminonya, terutama asam amino esensiil. Umumnya protein hewani mengandung asam amino esensiil yang lebih lengkap dibandingkan protein nabati.Cacing tanah merupakan salah satu jenis hewan yang mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber protein bermutu tinggi yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan. kandungan protein cacing tanah berkisar 64-72% dari berat keringnya, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tepung ikan dan tepung daging serta memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik, karena mengandung asam amino esensiil yang tinggi dan lengkap (Gaddie & Douglas; Catalan).Selain menghasilkan bahan baku makanan sumber protein hewani dan pupuk organik berkualitas tinggi, usaha budidaya cacing tanah membantu mengurangi timbulnya pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh limbah organik (Catalan).Penelitian eksperimental pada 60 ekor tikus putih jantan galur "Wistar" berumur 21 hari selama 9 minggu, yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok dan masing-masing diberi makanan dengan campuran tepung cacing tanah dan tepung ikan berbeda. Kelompok R-0, diberi makanan basal (mengandung 12% tepung ikan) sebagai kontrol, kelompok R-1, diberi makanan percobaan 1 (mengandung 3% tepung cacing' tanah dan 9% tepung ikan), kelompok R-2, diberi makanan percobaan 2 (mengandung 6% tepung cacing tanah dan 6% tepung ikan), kelompok R-3 diberi makanan percobaan 3 (mengandung 9% tepung cacing tanah dan 3% tepung ikan) dan kelompok R-4 diberi makanan percobaan 4 (mengandung 12% tepung cacing. tanah). Secara keseluruhan, makanan percobaan dibuat dengan kadar protein yang sama, yaitu t 25%.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap, terdiri atas 5 perlakuan yang diulang 4 kali. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode Sidik Ragam (Uji F) untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh perlakuan, serta analisis signifikansi dengan metode Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan untuk mengetahui tingkat perbedaan di antara perlakuan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung cacing tanah 9% dan tepung ikan 3W dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tikus yang sangat bermakna. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh tingginya pertumbuhan dan Nilai Nisbah Efisiensi Protein.Sedangkan penggunaan tepung cacing tanah sebagai sumber protein hewani tunggal sebanyak 12% dalam makanan, mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan pertumbuhan dan Nilai Nisbah Efisiensi Protein yang sangat bermakna, diduga adanya kekurangan atau / dan ketidak seimbangan Kalsium dan Fosfor.

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The role of protein in body growth and development has been known. Its quality pointed by essential amino acids content. Generally, animal contain these proteins more complete than plant.

Earthworm starch is one of animals which is potential as grade A protein source but has not widely used. The content is 64-72% of its net weight, higher than fish starch or meat starch, and with better quality essential amino acids. Besides being raw material of high quality animal protein source, cultivation of earthworm diminishing environmental pollution by organic waste products.

Experimental study on 6O Wistar derived rats of male sex, age 21 days, has been done for 9 weeks; divided into 5 groups, each was feeded by different mix of earthworm starch and fish starch. R-O group got basal food of 12% fish starch as control, R-1 group had trial food 1 of 3k earthworm starch and 9W fish starch, R-2 group took trial food 2 (6% earthworm starch and 6% fish starch), R-3 group got trial food 3 (9$ earthworm starch and 3% fish starch) and R-4 group had trial food 4 contained 12% earthworm starch. As a whole, trial nutrition had the same (12%) protein content.

The experimental design reffered to complete randomized design, consists of 5 experiments repeated 4 times. Data collected was analyzed by random print method (F trial) to know how far was the treatment influence; and also significancy analysis with Duncan Double distance experiment to find out the difference in every treatment. The result show that composition of 9% earthworm starch and 3% fish starch in nutrition can enhancing rats productivity significantly as shown by the high growth and Protein efficiency ratio.

The utilization of earthworm starch as 12% single animal protein source in nutrition, lowering the growth and protein efficiency ratio significantly, may be of lacking or imbalance in Calcium and Phosphor concentration."

"There are two purposes that want to be assessed in this study The _first purpose is to indicate whether the moral hazard problems are occurred in the Indonesian Sharia Bank (The moral hazard in this paper is the indirect Moral hazard which is the negligence of bank in the financing process influencing the moral hazard problems of the debtor in the other side. The second purpose is to assess whether the _financing policies in the Sharia Banking are influenced by profit sharing system, The data for assessing this paper are acquired from the monthly financial reports published by Sharia Banks such as BSM? and BMI from January 2001 to December 2004.

The research based on the Ever Correction Model in the long term shows that the increasing of allocation ratio of Murabahah to Musyarakah and Mudharabah results the increasing of non performing financing ratio. It indicates that the moral hazard problems are occurred in BML The moral hazard indication demonstrates that bank is both less careful in financing and less incentive in monitoring process. It also demonstrates the weakness of the Sharia bank's operational system in countering the debtor's moral hazard The Granger Causality Test proves that profit sharing ratio (nisbah) between bank and debtor influences return ratio, however it does not influence financing allocation). On the other hand _financing allocation ratio influences nisbah ratio, furthermore in BSM case, return ratio influences nisbah ratio. This description shows that nisbah ratio is not only an instrument for calculating revenue/return distribution but also an instrument for Sharia bank in synchronizing profit sharing level with the interest Vale in conventional bank."

"Ada dua tujuan yang ingin dilihat dalam penulisan tesis ini. Pertama, untuk melihat apakah terdapat indikasi moral hazard di bank umum syariah (batasan moral hazard adalah moral hazard tidak langsung, yaitu suatu kondisi dimana bank kurang berhati-hati dalam memberikan pembiayaan sehingga menimbulkan moral hazard di sisi debitur) dan untuk melihat apakah kebijakan pembiayaan di perbankan syariah dipengaruhi oleh sistem profit sharing. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari laporan keuangan publikasi bulanan bank umum syariah yaitu BSM dan BMI, pada periode Januari 2001 s.d Desember 2004. Hasil penelitian dengan metode Error Correction Model (ECM), dalam keseimbangan jangka panjang, peningkatan rasio alokasi pembiayaan murabahah terhadap pembiayaan musyarakah dan mudharabah meningkatkan rasio non performing financing, yang jika dikaitkan dengan hipotesis berarti terdapat indikasi moral hazard di sisi bank BMI. Indikasi moral hazard menunjukkan bank kurang berhati-hati dalam menyalurkan pembiayaan atau bank kurang melakukan monitoring. Hal ini sekaligus menunjukkan kelemahan dalam sistem operasional di bank syariah karena belum dapat meng-counter terjadinya moral hazard di sisi debitur. Dari basil pengujian dengan Uji Kausalitas Granger ditemukan bahwa rasio nisbah bagi basil antara bank dengan debitur menyebabkan rasio return namun tidak menyebabkan alokasi pembiayaan. Sebaliknya rasio alokasi pembiayaan menyebabkan rasio nisbah, bahkan untuk kasus BSM, rasio return juga mempengaruhi rasio nisbah. Gambaran ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio nisbah selain sebagai instrumen dalam perhitungan distribusi pendapatan jugs menjadi alat bagi bank syariah dalam menyesuaikan tingkat imbal hasil bank syariah dengan tingkat bunga di bank konvensional.

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There are two purposes that want to be assessed in this thesis. The first purpose is to indicate whether the moral hazard problems are occurred in the Indonesian Sharia Bank (The moral hazard in this thesis is the Indirect Moral Hazard which is the negligence of bank in the financing process influencing the moral hazard problems of the debtor in the other side. The second purpose is to asses whether the financing policies in the Sharia Banking are influenced by profit sharing system. The data for assessing this thesis are acquired from the monthly financial reports published by Sharia Banks such as BSM and BMI from January 2001 to December 2004. The research based on the Error Correction Model in the long term shows that the increasing of allocation ratio of Murabahah to Musyarakah and Mudharabah results the increasing of non performing financing ratio. It indicates that the moral hazard problems are occurred in BMI. The moral hazard indication demonstrates that bank is both less careful in financing and less incentive in monitoring process. It also demonstrates the weakness of the Sharia bank's operational system in countering the debtor's moral hazard. The Granger Causality Test proves that profit sharing ratio (nisbah) between bank and debtor influences return ratio, however it does not influence financing allocation). On the other hand, financing allocation ratio influences nisbah ratio, furthermore in BSM case, return ratio influences nisbah ratio. This description shows that nisbah ratio is not only an instrument for calculating revenue/return distribution but also an instrument for Sharia bank in synchronizing profit sharing level with the interest rate in conventional bank."