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Abstrak :
Objectives of this research are mainly to study impacts of acidity strength (by varying amount of precipitant and loading Al-Si) and the effect of nickel particle size (by varying calcinations temperature) on decomposition reaction performances. In this research, high-nickel-loaded catalyst is prepared with two methods. Ni-Cu/Al catalysts were prepared with co-precipitation method. While the Ni-Cu/Al-Si catalyst were prepared by combined co-precipitation and sol-gel method. The direct cracking of methane was performed in 8mm quartz fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure and 500-700°C. The main results showed that the Al content of catalyst increases with the increasing amount of precipitant. The activity of catalyst increases with the increasing of catalyst?s acidity to the best possible point, and then increasing of acidity will reduce the activity of catalyst. Ni-Cu/4Al and Ni-Cu/11Al deactivated in a very short time hence produced fewer amount of nanocarbon, while Ni-Cu/15Al was active in a very long period. The most effective catalyst is Ni-Cu/22Al, which produced the biggest amount of nanocarbon (4.15 g C/g catalyst). Ni catalyst diameter has significant effect on reaction performances mainly methane conversion and product yield. A small Ni crystal size gave a high methane conversion, a fast deactivation and a low carbon yield. Large Ni particle diameter yielded a slow decomposition and low methane conversion. The highest methane conversion was produced by catalyst diameter of 4 nm and maximum yield of carbon of 4.08 g C/ g catalyst was achieved by 15.5 nm diameter of Ni catalyst.

Abstrak :
Objectives of this research are mainly to study impacts of acidity strength (by varying amount of precipitant and loading Al-Si) and the effect of nickel particle size (by varying calcinations temperature) on decomposition reaction performances. In this research, high-nickel-loaded catalyst is prepared with two methods. Ni-Cu/Al catalysts were prepared with co-precipitation method. While the Ni-Cu/Al-Si catalyst were prepared by combined co-precipitation and sol-gel method. The direct cracking of methane was performed in 8mm quartz fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure and 500-700°C. The main results showed that the Al content of catalyst increases with the increasing amount of precipitant. The activity of catalyst increases with the increasing of catalyst?s acidity to the best possible point, and then increasing of acidity will reduce the activity of catalyst. Ni-Cu/4Al and Ni-Cu/11Al deactivated in a very short time hence produced fewer amount of nanocarbon, while Ni-Cu/15Al was active in a very long period. The most effective catalyst is Ni-Cu/22Al, which produced the biggest amount of nanocarbon (4.15 g C/g catalyst). Ni catalyst diameter has significant effect on reaction performances mainly methane conversion and product yield. A small Ni crystal size gave a high methane conversion, a fast deactivation and a low carbon yield. Large Ni particle diameter yielded a slow decomposition and low methane conversion. The highest methane conversion was produced by catalyst diameter of 4 nm and maximum yield of carbon of 4.08 g C/ g catalyst was achieved by 15.5 nm diameter of Ni catalyst.

Abstrak :
The effect of precipitant and ultrasonic over Ni7CeO,-MgO-La,0/A503 catalyst was studied in an atmospheric fixed-bed reactor for partial oxidation of methane. Two types of precipitant used in this work were Na2C)3 and NH4OH2 and the length of ultrasonic iradiation was 60 minutes (1 hour). The bulk surface area, nickel particle diameter, nickel dispersion and morphology of the catalysts were investigated by various characterization techniques, including BET] XRD, H; chemisorption and SEM The partial oxidation of methane to syngas was done at 800 ?C atmospheric pressure and the feed ratio (CH/01) was 2 : 1.2. It was found that catalysts prepared by using NH4OH2 precipitant have pore size that larger than those of catalysts prepared using Na,CO, precipitant. The effect of ultrasonic on the catalysts showed that ultrasonic irradiation enhanced the surface area of the catalyst and the nickel dispersion. SEM analyses shown changes of the catalyst morphology, i.e. the particle of the catalyst became smaller and more uniform because of the ultrasonic irradiation. Catalyst prepared using NH,0H precipitant and irradiated shown the best performance with 96% methane conversion.

Abstrak :
Nikel merupakan logam yang banyak dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan industri, seperti pada katalis proses kimia. Kebutuhan atas nikel diperkirakan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan nikel, perolehan kembali logam nikel dari sumber sekunder, seperti limbah katalis dapat menjadi alternatif yang ekonomis. Limbah katalis yang mengandung logam nikel sebesar 15% berat dapat diperoleh dari proses steam reforming. Perolehan kembali logam nikel dari limbah katalis dilakukan dengan metode leaching menggunakan asam laktat sebagai leaching agent yang minim emisi gas dan H2O2 sebagai oxidizing agent. Penambahan H2O2 bertujuan meningkatkan efisiensi leaching dengan mengoksidasi logam yang terkandung di dalam limbah katalis menjadi bentuk yang lebih larut. Penelitian ini yang menggunakan 1,5 M asam laktat dan 2% volume H2O2 pada suhu operasi 80℃ selama 240 menit berhasil mencapai efisiensi leaching logam nikel sebesar 72,25%. Studi kinetika yang dilakukan pada proses leaching tersebut menunjukkan bahwa prosesnya dikendalikan oleh mekanisme difusi dengan energi aktivasi sebesar 13,56 kJ/mol. Logam nikel yang terlarutkan ke dalam larutan leaching kemudian dipurifikasi melalui ekstraksi cair-cair dengan bantuan ekstraktan Cyanex 272 untuk memisahkannya dari logam lain yang terikut dalam larutan leaching. Dengan konsentrasi Cyanex 272 sebesar 1 M pada pH fase akuatik 8 selama 60 menit, diperoleh efisiensi ekstraksi sebesar 79,57%. ......Nickel is a metal that is utilized in several industries for catalyst. The demand of nickel is predicted to keep rising every year. To meet the demand, recovering nickel from secondary source, such as spent catalyst waste can be a solution. Spent catalysts containing 15%wt nickel can be obtained from steam reforming process. The recovery of nickel is done by leaching method using lactic acid as leaching agent with minimum gas emission and H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. Addition of H2O2 is expected to increase the leaching efficiency by oxidizing the nickel into a more soluble form. This research that used 1,5 M lactic acid and 2%v/v H2O2 at 80℃ for 240 minutes managed to attain 72,25% leaching efficiency. Kinetic study conducted in this leaching process showed diffusion as limiting mechanism with 13,56 kJ/mol energy activation. Dissolved nickel metal in the leach liquor is then purified through solvent extraction with the help of Cyanex 272 extractant to be separated from other undesirable metal. Under the operation condition 1 M Cyanex 272 and pH aquatic phase 8, 60 minutes extraction process resulted in 79,57% nickel extraction efficiency