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"ABSTRAKMenunggu Beduk Berbunyi merupakan novelet karya Hamka yang berlatar masa Revolusi Indonesia. Dalam makalah ini, novelet Menunggu Beduk Berbunyi akan dikritik menggunakan pendekatan New Historicism. Sebagai sebuah pendekatan dalam karya sastra, New Historicism tidak memisahkan antara teks sastra dengan unsur pembangun luarnya ekstrinsik . Hamka sebagai pengarang yang hidup di zaman Revolusi Indonesia 1945 mdash;1949 mengungkapkan sejarah dan permasalahan sosial dari revolusi itu melalui Menunggu Beduk Berbunyi. Ada tiga hal yang akan dibahas dalam mengkritisi karya ini, yaitu praktik budaya yang dikukuhkan oleh teks, kebermaknaan karya ini bagi pembaca, dan struktut sosial yang disanjung atau dipersalahkan oleh teks.

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ABSTRACT

Menunggu Beduk Berbunyi is a novelette of Buya Hamka with Indonesia revolution background. As one of literature approaches, New Historicism doesn 39 t separate literature text from its extrinsic unsure. Hamka as an author who lived in Indonesia revolution era 19844 1949 , talks history and social problems of that revolution through Menunggu Beduk Berbunyi. There are three points which will be discussed in criticing this literature work, those are culture practice that confirmed by the text, meaning of this literature work for the readers, and social structure that flattered and blamed by the text. "

"Do the various forms of literary theory - deconstruction, Marxism, new historicism, feminism, post-colonialism, and cultural/digital studies - have anything in common? If so, what are the fundamental principles of theory? What is its ideological orientation? Can it still be of use to us in understanding basic intellectual and ethical dilemmas of our time? These questions continue to perplex both students and teachers of literary theory. Habib finds the answers in theory's largely unacknowledged roots in the thought of German philosopher Hegel. Hegel's insights continue to frame the very terms of theory to this day. Habib explains Hegel's complex ideas and how they have percolated through the intellectual history of the last century. This book will interest teachers and students of literature, literary theory and the history of ideas, illuminating how our modern world came into being, and how we can better understand the salient issues of our own time."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji tema pada novel Korea yang berjudul Redimeideu Insaeng karya Chae Man Shik melalui gagasan-gagasan pendukung dan gaya penceritaannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode close reading dengan seluruh analisis yang merujuk pada teks. Pendekatan new historicism juga digunakan karena adanya keterkaitan antara karya sastra dengan berbagai kekuatan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang melingkupinya. Temuan dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa tema dari novel Redimeideu Insaeng adalah penolakan terhadap pendidikan pemerintah kolonial Jepang. Karya ini juga merupakan upaya pengarang untuk menumbuhkan semangat nasionalisme dalam diri rakyat Korea.

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This research is focused on a study of theme in Korean short novel, Redimeideu Insaeng, written by Chae Mansik through its supporting ideas and writing style. The research method used in this thesis is a close reading method with all its analysis refers to the text. The new historicism approach is also used because of the relationship between literature and the power of social, economy, and politic around it. The result of the study is that the theme of Redimeideu Insaeng is the rejection of the Japanese colonial government education. It is also found that this work is the author‟s effort to encourage Korean people of their awareness to nationalism."

"Skripsi ini membahas ambiguitas identitas dua Korea berkaitan dengan tema dalam film Euihyeongje. Narasi film dianalisis dengan metode penelitian close reading. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah New Historicism yang menekankan keterkaitan teks sastra dengan kekuatan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang melingkupinya serta latar belakang sejarah yang ada. Hasil pembahasan membuktikan bahwa tema utama dalam film Euihyeongje adalah ambiguitas identitas diri yang terlihat pada tokoh, penokohan, dan alur yang mengacu pada tema utama. Rasa permusuhan dan perbedaan nasionalisme menjadi pemicu konflik dan sikap ambigu kedua tokoh utama. Secara keseluruhan, film ini mendukung ambiguitas identitas tokoh dan mengukuhkan pembentukan identitas baru yang dipandang sebagai hal positif.

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This thesis explains the ambiguity two Korean identity which related to the theme of the movie Euihyeongje. Narrative in films were analyzed by the method of close reading research. The approach in this research is New Historicism that emphasize relation of literary texts with social, economic, political power, and also historical background as well.

The research results proved that main theme in the Euihyeongje movie is the ambiguity of self identity. It could be seen in the character, characterization, and plot which refer to the main theme. The hostility and nationalism disparity that instigated conflict and ambiguous attitudes both of the main characters. Overall, this film supports ambiguity of identity and confirms the formation of a new identity that viewed as positive matter."

"Reading literary texts in their historical contexts has been the dominant form of interpretation in literary criticism for the past thirty years. This collection of essays reflects on the origins of historicism and its present usefulness as a mode of literary analysis, its limitations, and its future. The volume provides a brief history of the practice from its renaissance origins, offering examples of historicist work that not only demonstrate the continuing vitality of this methodology but also suggest new directions for research. Focusing on the major figures of Shakespeare and Milton, these essays provide important and concise representations of trends in the field. Designed for scholars and students of early modern English literature (1500-1700), the volume will also be of interest to students of literature more generally and to historians.;Reading literary texts in their historical contexts has been the dominant form of interpretation in literary criticism for the past thirty years. This collection of essays reflects on the origins of historicism and its present usefulness as a mode of literary analysis, its limitations, and its future. The volume provides a brief history of the practice from its renaissance origins, offering examples of historicist work that not only demonstrate the continuing vitality of this methodology but also suggest new directions for research. Focusing on the major figures of Shakespeare and Milton, these essays provide important and concise representations of trends in the field. Designed for scholars and students of early modern English literature (1500-1700), the volume will also be of interest to students of literature more generally and to historians."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan memperlihatkan kompleksitas representasimasyarakat Belanda New York yang terlihat dalam AHONY yang merefleksikanperebutan ruang spasial dan budaya antara Inggris dan Belanda di AmerikaSerikat dari abad ke 17-19. Kompleksitas representasi ini ditunjukkan melaluilapisan multi dimensi AHONY yang membangun mitos bangsa Amerika sebagaisebuah bangsa baru melalui penggambaran masyarakat Belanda di New Yorkabad ke-17. Pada saat yang sama disertasi ini menunjukkan bagaimana AHONYmelontarkan kritik pada kebijakan politik abad ke-19, dan bagaimana parodipolitik ini menunjukkan ambivalensi antara upaya memunculkan kontribusimasyarakat Belanda di New York dan bias pengarang. Kajian ini menggunakanrepresentasi dan inventing tradition sebagai konsep untuk menganalisis teks, danmetode pendekatan New Historicism (Sejarah Baru) untuk meletakkan teks padakonteks zamannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teks mengungkapkangagasan kebangsaan dan masalah kemanusiaan. Gagasan kebangsaan berkaitandengan pluralisme berbangsa, sementara itu masalah kemanusiaan yakni kritikterhadap disingkirkannya sebuah etnis minoritas. Namun demikian, hasilpenelitian juga memperlihatkan bahwa teks A History of New York memberi biasetnis, ?ras?, dan kelas

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to demonstrate the complexity of the representation of the DutchNew York in AHONY reflecting spatial and cultural struggle between Englandand the Netherlands in North America from 17-19 century. The complexity of therepresentation is demonstrated through multidimensional layers of AHONYbuilding the American myth as a new nation through the depiction of the DutchNew York in the 17th century. At the same time this dissertation shows howAHONY through parody criticizes on the political policy of the 19th century, andhow this political parody shows the ambivalence between the effort to reveal thecontribution of the Dutch New York and the bias of the author. This study usesthe representation and inventing tradition as concepts for analyzing the text, andthe approach of New Historicism puts the text on the context of its time. Theresults indicate that the text expresses the idea of nationality and humanitarianissues. The idea of nationality related to the pluralism of the nation, while thehumanitarian problem is a critique of marginalization of an ethnic. However, theresult also shows that the text, A History of New York, implies ethnic bias, "race",and class."

"This essay examines the contribution of new historicism in the history of western literary criticism, and inquires what this approach offers to Indonesia literary criticism. The paper unpacks some of the theoretical bases of new historicism,its break with the past as well at its continuation, and its interdisciplinary outreach to fields, which were used to be seen as "extrinsic" to the literary field. This paper discusses the horizons of inter relations opened up by this approach as well as its limitation, and finally suggests that Indonesian literature might be enriched by new historical analysis if it is applied critically and contextually."

"Tesis ini merupakan penelitian mengenai representasi ketokohan Hasan Saleh dan ketokohan Daud Beureueh di dalam novel Napoleon dari Tanah Rencong dan teksteks nonsastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan narasi ketokohan Hasan Saleh dan ketokohan Daud Beureueh dalam novel maupun teks-teks nonsastra. Landasan pemikiran yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif new historicism. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketokohan Hasan Saleh dan ketokohan Daud Beureueh dalam teks novel direpresentasikan berbeda dengan teksteks nonsastra yang menjadi sumber dalam penelitian ini. Dalam teks novel, ketokohan Hasan Saleh direpresentasikan sebagai seorang yang memiliki peran besar dalam berjuang, membela, dan mempertahankan hingga menyatukan kembali Aceh dengan Indonesia. Akan tetapi dalam teks-teks non-sastra tersebut, nama Hasan Saleh sangat sedikit dimunculkan dan banyak dikenal sebagai Pemberontak. Sebaliknya, tokoh Daud Beureueh yang nama dan riwayat hidupnya banyak dibicarakan di dalam teks-teks nonsatra, dalam novel ini direpresentasikan berbeda dengan teks-teks nonsastra tersebut. Dengan demikian, Novel Napoleon dari Tanah Rencong merupakan novel historis yang mengungkapkan, menginformasikan, dan mempertanyakan kembali kebenaran peristiwa sosial politik yang terjadi di Aceh antara tahun 1942 sampai dengan tahun 1962. Sikap mengungkapkan, menginformasikan, dan mempertanyakan kembali kebenaran sejarah sesuai dengan perspektif new historicism yang memahami setiap segi realitas tertuang dalam teks dan struktur sosial ditentukan oleh 'praktik diskursif' yang dominan, sehingga harus dipertanyakan lagi kebenarannya.

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This thesis is a study on the representation of Hasan saleh and Daud Beureueh in the Napoleon dari Tanah Rencong. This study aims to reveal the figure of Hasan Saleh and Daud Beureueh in the novel as literary text and also in the non-literary texts (history texts). The frame of reference used is new historicism perspective. The result showed that the representation of Hasan Saleh and Daud Beureueh is revealed differently in both of the text. The name of Hasan Saleh as a fighter that has big part to preserve the Independence of Indonesia, is not more appeared in non-literary work (history texts). The name of Hasan Saleh in most non-literary work only synchronized as a rebel. On the other hand, Daud Beureueh, whose name and biography is mentioned over and over in the most of non-literary texts, in the novel, is represented differently. Thus, this novel is a historical trying to prove, to tell information and to question the truth of history regarding to the history of social political events taking place in Aceh from 1942 up to 1962. The way of trying to prove, to tell information, and to question the truth of history appropriate with new historicism perspective that appreciate the fact in texts and social structure is based on dominant 'discursive practice' that have to be questionable."