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Abstrak :
Industri air limbah wine menghasilkan air limbah yang memiliki karakteristik tinggi kandungan organik serta pH bersifat asam. Pengolahan konvensional dalam mengolah air limbah industri wine sangat kompleks, sehingga membutuhkan penanganan secara khusus. Saat ini, terdapat teknologi pengolahan yang sesuai dengan karakteristik air limbah wine yaitu proses oksidasi Fenton dan teknologi membran. Teknologi membran memiliki ukuran pori yang berbeda-beda, saat ini banyak pemanfaatan membran jenis nanofiltrasi dalam pengaplikasian pengolahan limbah industri. Membran nanofiltrasi memiliki kemampuan yang mirip dengan reverse osmosis yang dapat menyisihkan kandungan bahan organik serta anorganik. Proses filtrasi pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara konstan fluks dengan variasi fluks 40 LMH, 50 LMH, dan 60 LMH. Hasil penyisihan COD, besi, dan warna pada fluks 40 LMH, 50 LMH, dan 60 LMH secara berturut-turut adalah 64% ; 93%; 100%, 75%; 93% ; 100%, dan 76%; 94%; 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penyisihan paling efektif pada fluks 60 LMH. Namun fluks 60 LMH rentan mengalami fouling yang menyebabkan permeabilitas menurun seiring berjalannya waktu. Selain itu, reversibility pada kondisi pengoperasian fluks 60 LMH didominasi oleh jenis irreversible fouling, sehingga proses mechanical backwash tidak cukup untuk mengembalikan performa membran dan membutuhkan chemical cleaning. ......The wine wastewater industry produces wastewater that is characterized by high organic content and an acidic pH. Conventional processing of wine industry wastewater is very complex, so it requires special handling. Currently, there are processing technologies that suit the characteristics of wine wastewater, namely the Fenton oxidation process and membrane technology. Membrane technology has different pore sizes, currently many nanofiltration type membranes are used in industrial waste processing applications. Nanofiltration membranes have capabilities similar to reverse osmosis which can remove organic and inorganic materials. The filtration process in this study was carried out at constant flux with flux variations of 40 LMH, 50 LMH, and 60 LMH. The COD, iron and color removal results at fluxes of 40 LMH, 50 LMH and 60 LMH respectively were 64%; 93%; 100%, 75%; 93% ; 100%, and 76%; 94%; 100%. The results showed that the removal efficiency was most effective at a flux of 60 LMH. However, 60 LMH flux is susceptible to fouling which causes permeability to decrease over time. Apart from that, reversibility at 60 LMH flux operating conditions is dominated by irreversible fouling, so the mechanical backwash process is not enough to restore membrane performance and requires chemical cleaning.

Abstrak :
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in the food industry. Xylitol can be produced from D-xylose using a fermentation process, but it then needs to be separated from the other components of the fermentation broth (e.g., metabolic products, residual substances, biomass cells, and mineral salts), before being purified as xylitol crystals. Therefore, to obtain high purity xylitol, various separation processes are required. One very promising downstream processing method is membrane separation. This study evaluated membrane-based processes for the separation of biomass cells and other impurities, determined the concentration of xylitol produced from Debaryomyces hansenii yeast fermentation broth, and proposed a polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for biomass-cell separation followed by polyamide nanofiltration (NF) to remove low-molecular-weight compounds (e.g., acetic acids) from sugars. The effects of operating pressure were examined using a fermentation broth model solution. The results showed that a higher pressure caused a higher permeate flux; however, the permeate flux’s rate flow decreased over time due to concentration polarization, and fouling in the UF and NF membranes. Nevertheless, at all pressures, UF achieved a 99% rejection of biomass cells. In addition, microscope analysis showed that no biomass cells were detected in the permeates of UF. The resulting NF concentrates revealed high xylitol retention and a beneficially lower concentration of acetic acids. The operating pressures of the UF test conditions were 1 barg and 1.5 barg, illustrating that, at a pressure of 5.5 barg, the experiments achieved reasonably high xylitol retention (above 90%) indicating negligible losses of sugar in the permeate port. Moreover, this was proven to be a feasible way to concentrate xylitol up to three times from the initial concentration of the model fermentation broth (MFB). Therefore, the results demonstrated that a two-stage combination of UF and NF is a promising system for the downstream processing of microbial xylitol production.