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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Setiap bank syariah mempunyai produk pembiayaan berdasarkan akad murabahah, yaitu akad pembiayaan suatu barang dengan menegaskan harga belinya kepada pembeli dan pembeli membayarnya dengan harga yang lebih sebagai keuntungan yang disepakati. Dalam prakteknya, tidak semua pembiayaan berdasarkan akad murabahah berjalan sesuai kesepakatan antara bank syariah dan nasabah debitur. Untuk keterlambatan pembayaran angsuran murabahah, pada umumnya bank syariah menjatuhkan sanksi berupa denda sejumlah uang yang besarnya disetujui oleh nasabah. Peraturan mengenai pengenaan denda terdapat dalam fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 mengenai sanksi bagi nasabah mampu yang menunda-nunda pembayaran. Dalam penelitian ini, bentuk penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dimana sumber hukum dalam agama Islam yaitu dari Al-Quran dan hadis Rasulullah shallallahu’alaihi wa sallam, fatwa-fatwa DSN, buku-buku mengenai jual beli dalam Islam, peraturan-peraturan mengenai bank syariah, hukum riba dan akad-akad murabahah secara Notariil ditelaah, diteliti dan dievaluasi untuk menuliskan klausul denda yang sesuai dengan ketentuan fatwa DSN dan memenuhi prinsip syariah sebagaimana ditentukan oleh Bank Indonesia. Selain menggunakan jenis data sekunder, penelitian ini juga menggali data dari karyawan di 3 (tiga) bank syariah yang berbeda. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan berguna bagi kaum muslimin agar memahami bahwa akad yang telah ditandatangani harus dipenuhi tepat waktu dengan itikad baik sehingga tidak terkena sanksi berupa denda akibat keterlambatan pembayaran kewajiban pada bank syariah.

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ABSTRACT
Each shari'ah bank has a financing product based on a murabaha contract, namely a financing agreement of goods by affirming the purchase price to the client and the client pays them at a cost plus, as an agreed profit. In practice, it is not all of the financing based on murabaha contract goes according to the agreement between the shari'ah banks and its debtors. For the murabaha installment payment delays, the shari'ah banks are generally impose sanction in the form of a late charge of a sum of money in the amount approved by the client. The regulations regarding the late charge imposition is contained in the National Shari'ah Board fatwa No.17/DSN-MUI/IX /2000 on the sanctions for the capable clients who delay payments. In this study, the research uses a normative juridical, where the source of law in Islam namely the Al-Quran and the Hadith of Prophet Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, the DSN fatwas, the books on buying and selling in Islam, the rules regarding shari’ah banks, the usury laws and the murabaha-contracts is studied, researched and evaluated from the notary standpoint to write the late charge clause in accordance with the provisions of DSN fatwa and meet the shari’ah principles as determined by Bank Indonesia. In addition using the secondary data, this study also explores the data from the employees in three (3) different shari'ah banks. Results from this study are expected to be useful for the Muslims to comprehend that the contract that has been signed must be met on time in good faith so it is not exposed to a late charge due to late payment obligations to the shari'ah banksShari’ah Bank, Murabaha Contract, Late Charge, Fatwa of the National Shari’ah Board;Each shari'ah bank has a financing product based on a murabaha contract, namely a financing agreement of goods by affirming the purchase price to the client and the client pays them at a cost plus, as an agreed profit. In practice, it is not all of the financing based on murabaha contract goes according to the agreement between the shari'ah banks and its debtors. For the murabaha installment payment delays, the shari'ah banks are generally impose sanction in the form of a late charge of a sum of money in the amount approved by the client. The regulations regarding the late charge imposition is contained in the National Shari'ah Board fatwa No.17/DSN-MUI/IX /2000 on the sanctions for the capable clients who delay payments. In this study, the research uses a normative juridical, where the source of law in Islam namely the Al-Quran and the Hadith of Prophet Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, the DSN fatwas, the books on buying and selling in Islam, the rules regarding shari’ah banks, the usury laws and the murabaha-contracts is studied, researched and evaluated from the notary standpoint to write the late charge clause in accordance with the provisions of DSN fatwa and meet the shari’ah principles as determined by Bank Indonesia. In addition using the secondary data, this study also explores the data from the employees in three (3) different shari'ah banks. Results from this study are expected to be useful for the Muslims to comprehend that the contract that has been signed must be met on time in good faith so it is not exposed to a late charge due to late payment obligations to the shari'ah banksShari’ah Bank, Murabaha Contract, Late Charge, Fatwa of the National Shari’ah Board, Each shari'ah bank has a financing product based on a murabaha contract, namely a financing agreement of goods by affirming the purchase price to the client and the client pays them at a cost plus, as an agreed profit. In practice, it is not all of the financing based on murabaha contract goes according to the agreement between the shari'ah banks and its debtors. For the murabaha installment payment delays, the shari'ah banks are generally impose sanction in the form of a late charge of a sum of money in the amount approved by the client. The regulations regarding the late charge imposition is contained in the National Shari'ah Board fatwa No.17/DSN-MUI/IX /2000 on the sanctions for the capable clients who delay payments. In this study, the research uses a normative juridical, where the source of law in Islam namely the Al-Quran and the Hadith of Prophet Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam, the DSN fatwas, the books on buying and selling in Islam, the rules regarding shari’ah banks, the usury laws and the murabaha-contracts is studied, researched and evaluated from the notary standpoint to write the late charge clause in accordance with the provisions of DSN fatwa and meet the shari’ah principles as determined by Bank Indonesia. In addition using the secondary data, this study also explores the data from the employees in three (3) different shari'ah banks. Results from this study are expected to be useful for the Muslims to comprehend that the contract that has been signed must be met on time in good faith so it is not exposed to a late charge due to late payment obligations to the shari'ah banksShari’ah Bank, Murabaha Contract, Late Charge, Fatwa of the National Shari’ah Board]

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai permasalahan pelaksanaan asas proporsionalitas (al musawah) dalam suatu akad Murabahah perbankan syariah. Penelitian yuridisnormatif digunakan dalam pembahasan skripsi ini dengan menggunakan data sekunder melalui studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari tiga tahapan penerapan klausul baku akad murabahah yaitu tahap pra-akad, penerapan, dan dispute settlement terdapat kelompok klausul yang tidak sesuai dengan asas proporsionalitas (al musawah) yaitu pada klausul tentang penyerahan barang, klausul resiko dan asuransi (risk & insurance), klausul negative covenant, dan klausul wanprestasi salah satu bank yang cenderung merugikan pihak nasabah.

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This thesis analyzes the issue arising from application of the proportionality principle (Al Musawah) Murabaha contract in Islamic banking. Method of legal-normative research is used to write this thesis with the secondary data and literature study. Based on the analysis and discussion showed that there are the three phases of application standard clause in murabaha contract are a pre-contract stage, application, and dispute settlement. Some Clauses do not comply with proportionality principle of (al musawah) they are clause about the delivery of goods, risk & insurance covenant, negative covenant, and one of bank has default clause tends to harm the client.

Abstrak :
Pembiayaan kepemilikan rumah di bank syariah dengan menggunakan akad murabahah berdampak pada angsuran yang tidak dapat berubah selama jangka waktu pembiayaan berpotensi terjadi kesenjangan jika dibandingkan dengan harga rumah yang cenderung selalu meningkat yang merupakan volatilitas komoditas harga rumah sepanjang periode pembiayaan. Berbeda dengan kredit perumahan di bank konvensional yang menggunakan suku bunga floating (mengambang) sebagai dasar untuk menetapkan besarnya angsuran sehingga besarnya angsuran setiap bulan akan berbeda tergantung pada suku bunga pada bulan saat pembayaran dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui apakah pola pembiayaan perumahan murabahah atau kredit perumahan konvensional bisa mengatasi volatilitas harga rumah setelah jatuh tempo pembiayaan. Data yang digunakan adalah data angsuran pembiayaan perumahan murabahah di Bank Syariah Mandiri dan Bank BRI Syariah serta angsuran kredit perumahan konvensional berdasarkan bunga kredit konsumtif pada Bank Swasta Nasional. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa pembiayaan perumahan murabahah di bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BRISyariah maupun kredit perumuhan konvensional mengalami capital loss yang disebabkan oleh karena adanya volatilitas harga rumah di mana nilai pasar rumah setelah pembiayaan jatuh tempo lebih tinggi dari nilai rumah berdasarkan pembiayaan murabahah maupun kredit konvensional. ...... Home ownership financing in Islamic banks using the murabaha contract affects the installment that can not be changed during the term of the financing could potentially be a gap when compared with home prices tend to increase the volatility of commodity prices which is home throughout the period of financing. In contrast to conventional housing loans in banks that use a floating interest rate as the basis for establishing the amount of the installment so that the installment amount each month will vary depending on interest rates in the time payment is made. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pattern of housing financing murabaha or conventional mortgages can overcome the volatility of house prices after the maturity of the financing. The data used is the housing finance murabaha installment in Bank Syariah Mandiri and Bank BRISyariah and conventional housing loan installment consumer loan interest is based on the National Private Bank. The study says that housing finance murabaha at bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BRISyariah and conventional mortgages experienced a capital loss caused due to the volatility of house prices where the market value of the home after the maturity of the financing is higher than the value of the house based on murabaha financing and conventional loans.