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"Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, cairan pendingin konvensional menjadi kurang efektif untuk teknologi baru terutama dalam hal pendinginan saluran mikro. Oleh karena itu, para ilmuwan mencoba memanfaatkan nanofluida yang merupakan campuran nanopartikel dan cairan dasar. Ada begitu banyak penelitian terhadap konduktivitas termal nanofluida tetapi madih sedikit studi eksperimen untuk menyelidiki perpindahan panas konvektif dari fluida baru ini. Dengan demikian, simulasi numerik aliran nanofluida sangat penting dan tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji apa yang terjadi pada koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi dan bilangan Nusselt di bawah kondisi batas yang berbeda dengan bantuan pendekatan CFD. Untuk memahami sepenuhnya fenomena ini, simulasi CFD dilakukan untuk aliran satu fase dan aliran dua fase. studi menunjukkan bahwa koefisien perpindahan panas konvektif Al2O3/Air selalu lebih tinggi daripada air murni dan nilai ini menjadi lebih tinggi dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi Al2O3 terutama dalam kasus aliran dua fase yang memberikan koefisien konveksi tertinggi. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa bilangan Nusselt nanofluida aliran dua fase lebih rendah daripada air dan celah ini menjadi lebih besar karena konsentrasi Al2O3 menjadi lebih tinggi, menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konduktivitas lebih tinggi daripada konveksi.

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The technology is advancing day by day and conventional fluids are becoming less effective for the new technologies especially in the case of microchannel cooling. Due to this issue scientists have come up with the idea of nanofluids which is a mixture of nanoparticles and a base fluid. There are so many attentions toward the thermal conductivity of nanofluids but there is lack of experiment to investigate the convective heat transfer of these new fluids. Thus, Numerical simulation of nanofluid flows is of great importance and the aim of this study is to examine that what happens to the convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number under different boundary condition by the help of CFD approaches. In order to fully understand this phenomenon, the CFD simulations are carried out for both Single – phase flow and two – phase flow. the study shows that the convective heat transfer coefficient of Al2O3/ Water is always higher than pure water and this value becomes higher as the concentration of Al2O3 increases especially in the case of two – phase flow which gives the highest convection coefficient. This study also found that the Nusselt number of two – phase flow nanofluids is lower than water and this gap becomes larger as the concentration of Al2O3 becomes higher, indicating that the enhancement in conductivity is higher than convection."

"This handbook covers all areas of nonlocal continuum mechanics including theoretical aspects,computational procedures, and experimental advances. The multidisciplinary scope of articles that comprise this reference are written by internationally recognized experts in the field and stand as the most-up-to-date, established knowledge base on using nonlocal continuum mechanics to characterize material behavior for advanced composites and nano-materials, as well as for engineering scale structures. The handbook is at once a comprehensive reference for academic researchers and engineers in industry concerned with nonlocal continuum mechanics for materials and structures as well as a supplement for graduate courses on a range of topics."

"This book provides a solid background for understanding the immediate past, the ongoing present, and the emerging trends of additive manufacturing, with an emphasis on innovations and advances in its use for a wide spectrum of manufacturing applications. It contains contributions from leading authors in the field, who view the research and development progress of additive manufacturing techniques from the unique angle of developing high-performance composites and other complex material parts. It is a valuable reference book for scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs who are seeking technologically novel and economically viable innovations for high-performance materials and critical applications. It can also benefit graduate students and post-graduate fellows majoring in mechanical, manufacturing, and material sciences, as well as biomedical engineering."

"This handbook covers all areas of nonlocal continuum mechanics including theoretical aspects,computational procedures, and experimental advances. The multidisciplinary scope of articles that comprise this reference are written by internationally recognized experts in the field and stand as the most-up-to-date, established knowledge base on using nonlocal continuum mechanics to characterize material behavior for advanced composites and nano-materials, as well as for engineering scale structures. The handbook is at once a comprehensive reference for academic researchers and engineers in industry concerned with nonlocal continuum mechanics for materials and structures as well as a supplement for graduate courses on a range of topics."

"This handbook covers all areas of nonlocal continuum mechanics including theoretical aspects,computational procedures, and experimental advances. The multidisciplinary scope of articles that comprise this reference are written by internationally recognized experts in the field and stand as the most-up-to-date, established knowledge base on using nonlocal continuum mechanics to characterize material behavior for advanced composites and nano-materials, as well as for engineering scale structures. The handbook is at once a comprehensive reference for academic researchers and engineers in industry concerned with nonlocal continuum mechanics for materials and structures as well as a supplement for graduate courses on a range of topics."