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"Biosurfactant are microbially produced compounds that can reduce surface tension and interfacial tension of the aqueous system. Biosurfactant can be applied in various industrial and environmental uses as emulsifier, deterjency and oil recovery. Biosurfactant can be produced from various substrates of cassava flour wastewater, sugar and crude oil spills etcetera..."

"ABSTRAKDengan meningkatnya volume timbulan limbah ikan, maka diperlukan suatu teknologi pengolahan limbah yang efektif, mudah diterapkan, dan murah. Salah satu cara pengolahan limbah ikan adalah dengan proses fermentasi. Produk fermentasi limbah ikan disebut silase ikan. Silase pada penelitian ini akan dibuat dengan cara biologi (fermentasi) dan kimiawi. Proses biologi dilakukan dengan penambahan bakteri asam laktat dan molase yang divariasikan komposisinya (10%, 15%, dan 25%). Sedangkan proses kimiawi dilakukan dengan penambahan asam formiat 3%. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menginvestigasi kualitas silase yang dihasilkan dengan penambahan molase maupun dengan penambahan asam formiat. Penelitian menggunakan wadah anaerobik yang berisi campuran limbah ikan dengan berat 10 kg dan waktu pengamatan selama 40 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas silase mempunyai nilai pH berkisar antara 3,79-4,42; kadar air berkisar 75,9-81,7%; kadar abu berkisar 7,0-8,5%; kadar lemak berkisar 1,0-1,2%; kadar protein berkisar 9,5-10,7% dan jumlah bakteri berkisar 3,1x106-7,2X106. Kualitas silase yang dihasilkan dari penambahan asam formiat lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penambahan molase (10%, 15%, dan 25%).

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ABSTRACTWith increasing volumes of fish waste generation, we need a waste treatment technology that is effective, easy to implement, and inexpensive. Fish waste fermentation is the answer. Fish waste fermentation product called fish silage. Silage in this study will be made by biologically (fermentation) and chemically. Biological process carried out by the addition of lactic acid bacteria and molasses with varied composition (10%, 15%, and 25%). While the chemical process carried out by the addition of formic acid 3%. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of silage produced with the addition of molasses or with the addition of formic acid. This research using anaerobic container, which contains a mixture of fish waste with a weight of 10 kg and a 40-day observation period. The results showed, pH values ranging from 3,79 to 4,42; water content ranged from 75,9 to 81,7%; ash content ranged from 7,0 to 8,5%; fat content ranged from 1,0 to 1,2%; protein content ranged from 9,5 to 10,7% and the number of bacteria ranged 3,1x106 to 7,2X106. Silage quality from the addition of formic acid is better than the addition of molasses ( 10 % , 15 % , and 25 % )"

"ABSTRAKSince the increasing demand of molasses as raw material for ethanol production in Thailand, the feasibility of applying raw sugar as an alternative raw material for ethanol production is studied in this research. However, although raw sugar has higher sugar content and pure quality than molasses, raw sugar costs are higher than molasses. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the optimum proportion of raw sugar by considering the value of fermentation efficiency by analyzing the ratio of raw sugar to molasses from 0%:100% to 100%:0%. The results showed that the mixture of raw sugar and molasses in Experiment No.1 at a ratio of 20%:80% gained the highest fermentation efficiency at 82.71%. With the addition of enzyme (Experiment No.2), it would enhance the fermentation efficiency to 84.27% at a ratio of 60%:40%. Moreover, by adding enzyme and ferment nutrients (Experiment No.3) it could enhance the fermentation efficiency to 85.98% at a ratio of 80%:20%. These results indicated that the higher amount of applying raw sugar, the more fermentation efficiency in ethanol production. Furthermore, the economic results shown that even though a ratio of 80%:20% from Experiment No.3 had the highest fermentation efficiency, a ratio of 20%:80% presented the best economic result (profit) with high fermentation efficiency (around 85%). Moreover, when the prices of raw sugar and molasses were changed, the Experiment No.3 had more appropriate operation than Experiment No.1 and No.2, because the Experiment No.3 provieded the best economic results with any conditions."