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Abstrak :
Considering that there has been a constant high rate of growth in the demand for ADO (Automotive Diesel Oil) in the Indonesian liquid fuel mix, particularly in the transport sector, and realizing that import of ADO is the highest among liquid fuel imports, due to constraints in domestic production, a preliminary assessment has been undertaken on the possibility of subtituting or complementing the supply for ADO with biodiesel, by way of converting oil extracted from Jatropha curcas. Jatropha curcas oil has been chosen as the base material since (a) its physico-chemical properties is highly suitable to be used as feedstock for the production of biodiesel, (b) it is not an edible oil, and (c) the planting of Jatropha curcas can be undertaken in arid lands, thereby beneficial effects can be obtained, as the massive planting wood result in recovering such lands into productive uses.

Abstrak :
Sintesis biodiesel dengan Reaktor Plasma DBD Dielectric Barrier Discharge Non-Thermal telah berhasil diteliti dan sangatlah menjanjikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi kinerja purwarupa reaktor plasma DBD Non-Thermal dan mendapatkan kondisi ope rasi yang optimum dalam memproduksi metil ester. Bahan baku penelitian adalah minyak jarak pagar dan metanol. Sedangkan gas argon berfungsi sebagai carrier pada pembentukan pijar plasma.Variasi yang digunakan untuk melakukan uji kinerja reaktor adalah mode pembangkit plasma dan sistem sirkulasi cairan. Produksi metil ester terbaik dengan bahan baku minyak jarak pagar adalah 10,84. Proses ini dicapai pada kondisi rasio molar minyak : metanol 1:1, P dan T ambien, laju alir umpan cairan 2,2 ml/sekon, laju alir gas 41,67 ml/s, tegangan tinggi regulator 220 Volt dan waktu reaksi 6 jam. Reaktor DBD plasma Non-Thermal sangat potensial karena mampu mensintesis biodiesel tanpa menggunakan katalis, membutuhkan metanol yang sedikit, energi yang relatif rendah, dan tidak menghasilkan gliserol sebagai poduk samping. ......Synthesis of biodiesel with DBD Dielectric Barrier Discharge Non Thermal Reactor has been successfully researched and very promising. This study is to describe alternative and innovative methodologies for converting jatropha oil into biodiesel. The aim of present experiment is to design DBD non thermal plasma reactor coaxial pipe type and to do its performance test in converting biodiesel The raw materials are jatropha oil, methanol, with carrier of plasma argon gases. The variations used to perform the reactor are plasma generator mode and liquid circulation system. The best methyl ester production with castor oil was 10.84. with total reaction 6 hours. The operating conditions used were molar methanol to oil molar ratio 1 1, ambient temperature and pressure feed flow and gas flow rate reactors is 1.64 ml s and 41.67 ml s. Therefore, this plasma electro catalysis system was promising for biodiesel synthesis from vegetable oils due to no need a catalyst, no soap formation, required less methanol and no glycerol by product.

Abstrak :
Reaksi dekarboksilasi minyak jarak pagar dengan penambahan Ca(OH)2 berlebih untuk pembuatan hidrokarbon setara fraksi diesel telah dilakukan. Reaksi dilakukan di dalam reaktor batch yang beroperasi pada tekanan atmosferik dan temperatur antara 400-475°C. Variasi yang dilakukan meliputi variasi umpan, temperatur saponifikasi dan temperatur dekarboksilasi. Reaksi dengan umpan excess Ca(OH)2 100% mol, temperatur saponifikasi 200°C dan temperatur dekarboksilasi 475°C memberikan konversi terbesar yaitu 65,44%. Produk cair dianalisa menggunakan FTIR, menunjukkan adanya gugus keton namun tidak dijumpai adanya gugus karboksil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa reaksi dekarboksilasi telah berhasil dilakukan. Analisa GC - MS menunjukkan yield hidrokarbon setara fraksi diesel sebesar 38,18%. Sedangkan analisa sifat fisik yang meliputi densitas dan viskositas menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh Dirjen Migas. ......Decarboxylation reaction of Jatropha curcas oil with Ca(OH)2 excess for hydrocarbon-diesel-like fuel production was conducted. The reaction was carried out in batch reactor at atmospheric pressure and temperature between 400-475°C. The research variations consist of feed, saponification and decarboxylation temperature. The result showed that reaction with excess Ca(OH)2 100% mol, saponification and decarboxylation temperature 200 oC and 475°C respectively, gave the biggest conversion of 65,44%. Liquid product analized with FTIR showed that ketone group was found but not carboxyl. It indicated that the decarboxylation reaction was succeesful. The GC'MS showed that the yield of hydrocarbon-diesel-like fuel was 38,18%. While the physical analysis of density and viscosity showed that product has fulfilled Dirjen Migas's standard.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pendorong utama di balik pengembangan agen pembersih adalah untuk mencari baha aktif yaitu surfaktan yang relatif lebih ramah lingkungan. Sekitar 65-70 surfaktan anionik yang diproduksi komersial dihasilkan dari bahan baku tidak terbarukan, sedangkan sisanya diproduksi dari minyak konsumsi seperti minyak kelapa sawit dan kelapa yang nantinya dapat mengganggu kestabilan pangan. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan minyak non konsumsi dengan kadar asam lemak tinggi yaitu minyak jarak pagar untuk menghasilkan metil ester sulfonat MES sebagai salah satu bahan aktif agen pembersih. Penambahan nanopartikel titania dengan dopan tembaga dilakukan guna meningkatkan performa agen pembersih. Metil ester sulfonat disintesis melalui tiga tahap berurutan yaitu esterifikasi, transesterifikasi dan sulfonasi. Esterifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan katalis titania dengan bantuan sinar UV-A dengan variasi loading 0-10 dan perbandingan reaktan 1:12-1:48. Transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan katalis NaOH 1 dengan minyak jarak pagar dan metanol 1:12. Sulfonasi dilakukan pada suhu 100oC selama 4,5 jam dengan mereaksikan NaHSO3 dan metil ester dengan variasi 1:1-1:3. Katalis disintesis dengan metode fotodeposisi dengan variasi dopan tembaga 1-3. Minyak jarak pagar dengan kandungan FFA 5,64 dapat turun menjadi 2,40 dengan loading katalis titania 7,5 dan rasio minyak jarak dan metanol 1:48. Metil ester sulfonat yang dihasilkan dari proses sulfonasi memiliki nilai tegangan permukaan 33,93-33,12 dyne/cm. Hasil uji bahan akif agen pembersih menunjukan bahwa agen pembersih optimum yaitu MES-20 dan 3 Cu/TiO2-0,1 memiliki nilai deterjensi 87 dengan kemampuan disinfeksi 90,30 selama 30 menit.

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ABSTRACT
The main urge behind the development of new surfactants as one of the active ingredients of cleaning agents is to look for surfactants that are relatively more environmentally friendly. Approximately 65 70 of commercially produced anionic surfactants are produced from non renewable feedstock, while the remainder is produced from edible oils such as palm oil and coconut which can disrupt food stability. This study utilizes non edible oil with high fatty acid content of jatropha oil to produce methyl ester sulfonate as one of the active ingredient of cleaning agent. The addition of titania nanoparticles with copper dopants is performed to improve the performance of cleaning agents. Methyl esters of sulfonates are synthesized through three successive stages of esterification, transesterification and sulphonation. Esterification was performed using titania catalyst with the aid of UV A light with loading variation of 0 10 and reactant ratio of 1 12 1 48. Transesterification was performed by using 1 NaOH catalyst with jatropha oil and methanol 1 12. Sulfonation is carried out at 100 C for 4.5 hours by reacting NaHSO3 and methyl ester with variation of 1 1 1 3. The Cu TiO2 nanoparticles was synthesized by photodeposition method with 1 3 copper dopant variation. Jatropha oil with FFA content of 5.64 can decrease to 2.40 with loading of 7.5 titania catalyst and ratio of jatropha oil and methanol 1 48. The methyl ester sulfonate produced from the sulfonation process has surface tension value of 33.93 33.12 dyne cm. The cleaning agent assay results showed that the optimum cleaning agent MES 20 and 3 Cu TiO2 0,1 had 87 detergency with 90.30 disinfect ability for 30 minutes.