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"This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of daily iron supplementation and multi-micronutrient supplementation both daily and weekly basis on increasing iron status among 284 apparently healthy Indonesian infants aged 6-12 mo. Infants were randomly assigned to receive either daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient supplement (n = 72), weekly 2 RDA multi micronutrient supplement (n = 70), daily ferrous sulphate 10 mg (n = 72), or placebo (n = 70) for wk. Blood hemoglobin, plasma ferritin, plasma zinc, and plasma C-reactive protein concentrations were measured prior to intervention and after 23 wk of supplementation. At baseline, 58.1% of subjects were anemic, 28.2% were iron deficient, and 11.2% were zinc deficient. After 23 wk of supplementation, both daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient and iron supplemented groups had significantly increased blood hemoglobin and plasma ferritin concentration, furthermore reducing the percentage of anemia and iron deficiency. However, the changes of hemoglobin were not significantly different among the treatment groups. Changes of hemoglobin were significantly higher in daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient group than in placebo group when initial blood hemoglobin was low. The change of plasma ferritin concentration in both daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient and iron groups was significantly higher than in other groups. Hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations of weekly 2 RDA multi micronutrient group were not significantly increase, but there were significantly increased in the subjects with low concentration of blood hemoglobin or plasma ferritin. Proportion of infants with zinc deficiency was increased significantly in iron group Daily I RDA multi micronutrient and daily iron supplementation are efficacious in improving the concentration of blood hemoglobin and plasma ferritin and reducing the percentage of infants with anemia and iron deficiency of Indonesian infants aged 6-12 months in a rural community. However, there was an increasing proportion of infants with zinc deficiency in daily iron supplementation. The efficacy of daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient supplementation was higher among the children with blood hemoglobin < 110 g/L Efficacy of weekly 2 RDA multi micronutrient supplementation on the concentration of blood hemoglobin and plasma ferritin of all subjects was not found, but it affected in children with low concentration of blood hemoglobin or plasma ferritin."

"A single blind intervention study for 9 weeks was conducted in Kelurahan Cempaka Putih Barat, Center Jakarta. This was to determine the effects of micronutrient supplementation an the immune status and hand grip strength of the free-living male elderly aged 60 -75 years old. The total number of subjects at baseline study were 97 male elderly, which were then randomly assigned into 49 subjects in the supplemented group and 48 subjects in the placebo group. The percentage of T-suppresor cells of the micronutrient supplemented group increased significantly from 28.3 % to 30.7 %. The absolute counts of immune status also increased. In the micronutrient supplemented group TLC , T- cells, T -Helper cells, T-suppresor and NK-cells increased significantly after 9 week micromttrient supplementation. However compared to the placebo group only TLC ( 787.4 vs 287.0), T-cells (453.2 vs 160.3), and T- suppresor cells (183.7 vs 57.4) showed significant improvement. The hand grip strength as expressed by the lefthand, right hand and sum of both values remained similar to baseline. The serum zinc and-retinol of the supplemented group significantly increased after nine weeks micronutrient supplementation (13.7 to 18.8 umol/L and 1.10 to 1.42 umol/L, respectively). The changes of serum zinc and retinol were significantly higher in the supplemented group compared to the placebo group. The micronutrients status (serum retinol and serum Zinc) had increased in the supplemented group and lead to lower prevalence of hyporetinolemia and hypozincemia. The improvement of the immune status in the micronutrient supplemented group were not correlated with the serum retinol and zinc. However in the placebo group the change of serum retinol had negative correlation with the T-cel/, T helper and T -suppresor."