Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Updating the most comprehensive and complete guide to water treatment planning and design, this edition maintains the book's broad scope and reach, while reaching the working professional with additional worked problems and new treatment approaches. It covers both the principles and theory of water treatment as well as the practical considerations of plant design and distribution. The contents have been updated to cover changes to regulatory requirements, testing methodology, and design approaches, as well as the emergent topics of pharmacological agents in the water supply and treatment strategies

Abstrak :
Summary: This text is an essential study guide for undergraduates studying microbiology modules on degree courses in pharmacy and the pharmaceutical sciences

Abstrak :
Kualitas udara luar ruangan, khususnya kualitas udara mikrobiologis, belum menjadi perhatian khusus di Indonesia. Kualitas udara mikrobiologis seharusnya mendapat perhatian khusus karena pencemaran oleh mikroorganisme ke udara dapat memicu persebaran infeksi dan penyakit-penyakit lain. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap kualitas udara di TPA Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat, dan udara di permukiman sekitar TPA untuk mengetahui konsentrasi mikroorganisme dan jangkauan persebarannya di udara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis besarnya konsentrasi jamur Aspergillus fumigatus di area TPA Cipayung Depok; (2) menganalisis tingkat penyebaran jamur A. fumigatus pada kawasan permukiman di sekitar TPA Cipayung Depok; (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persebaran jamur A. fumigatus di udara di sekitar TPA Cipayung Depok. Pengambilan sampel udara dilakukan di 5 titik di TPA dan 5 titik lainnya di permukiman pada jarak 50, 100, 250, 500, dan 1.000 meter. Sampel udara diambil menggunakan alat EMS Bioaerosol Single Stage Sampler dengan debit aliran udara sebesar 28,3 L/menit. Pengambilan sampel udara untuk parameter jamur dilakukan selama satu menit pada media Malt Extract Agar dan diinkubasi pada temperatur 29-30C selama ± 48-72 jam. Parameter utama yang diteliti merupakan jamur A. fumigatus. Koloni yang tumbuh dihitung sebagai Colony-forming Units (CFU/m3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil angka kuman (konsentrasi A. fumigatus), temperature, kelembaban udara, dan kecepatan angin di TPA Cipayung pada rentang 43+13,5-1151.6+484,2 CFU/m3, 27-42oC, 40-83,8%, dan 0,4-3 m/s. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi jamur A. fumigatus diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji non-parametrik untuk menunjukkan korelasinya dengan jumlah truk yang beraktivitas dan hasil menunjukkan korelasi (A>¼ >0,05) pada konsentrasi jamur A. fumigatus dengan jumlah truk yang beroperasi. Berdasarkan pengukuran dan perhitungan, nilai kecepatan jatuh dari spora A. fumigatus sesuai dengan Hukum Stokes, yaitu sebesar 0,000576-2,556 x10-3 m/jam dan termasuk ke dalam jenis submicroscale transport. Besarnya konsentrasi jamur yang ditemukan dapat dipengaruhi oleh suhu, kelembaban udara, dan kecepatan angin. Sementara itu, jumlah truk yang lewat serta melakukan kegiatan unloading sampah dapat mempengaruhi penambahan jumlah konsentrasi jamur karena dapat dikategorikan menjadi sumber garis (launching). ......Indonesia has yet to pay a serious attention to study about outdoor air quality, especially microbial air quality. It is a subject that must be seriously studied because microorganism-sponsored air pollution could cause the spread of infection and other diseases. This study aims to assess air quality at Cipayung Landfill in Depok, West Java, and the air in the vicinity of the facility so that the concentration and the dispersion in the air of microorganism could be detected. This study aims to: (1) analyze the concentration of Aspergillus fumigatus inside the Cipayung Landfill area; (2) analyze the movement rate of A. fumigatus in air inside the Cipayung Landfill area; (3) analyze the factors influencing the movement of A. fumigatus in air inside the Cipayung Landfill area. The air sampling for the study was conducted in five points at the Cipayung Landfill area and in five points at the neighborhood around the landfill. The author obtained the air sample through using the EMS Bioaerosol Single Stage Sampler with air flow rate at 28.3 liter/minute. The air sampling, used for fungi parameter, was conducted for one minute using the Malt Extract Agar medium, which was then incubated at temperatures between 29 and 30 degree Celcius for 48 to 72 hours. The primary parameter of the study is the A. fumigatus. The grown colony is counted as colony-forming units (CFU/m3). The results show that the concetration of A. fumigatus, temperature, humidity level and wind speed at Cipayung Landfill are, 43+13,5-1151.6+484,2 CFU/m3, 27-42oC, 40-83,8%, dan 0,4-3 m/s. The measurement results of A. fumigatus concentration is assessed by a non-parametric assessment to show its correlation with the number of trucks conducting activities at the facility. The results show the correlation (A>¼>0,05) between the two. Based on measurement and calculation, the downward velocity of the spores of A. fumigatus is inline with the Stokes Law at 0,000576-2,556 x10-3 m/hour and is part of submicroscale transport. The amount of fungi concentration found at the facility is influenced by temperature, humidity and wind speed. Meanwhile, the number of trucks passing at the facility and unloading waste there could influence the rise of concentration of fungi because it can be categorized as a linear source (launching).

Abstrak :
Summary: With its concise and readable style, this book offers coverage of the concepts, including advances in immunology and genomics, while also ensuring that students have the knowledge and mastery of the fundamentals necessary to understand the advances of the future. It explains microbiology, providing a strong foundation in the fundamental concepts

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Infeksi paru merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas terbesar di Intensive Care Unit ICU. Pasien ICU umumnya dalam kondisi critically ill dan riwayat penggunaan antibiotic sebelumnya sehingga memiliki risiko resistensi terhadap antibiotik yang berpengaruh terhadap luaran pasien.Sistem skoring digunakan di ICU untuk menilai derajat keparahan penyakit dan luaran pasien. Penelitian ini menilai eta kuman pasien infeksi paru dan hubungannya dengan derajat keparahan penyakit yang dinilai dengan skor APACHE II. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2017 di ICU RSUP Persahabatan. Total subjek terdiri atas 59 subjek dengan cara pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling. Semua pasien didiagnosis infeksi paru oleh dokter spesialis dan dikonfirmasi melalui foto toraks kemudian dinilai derajat keparahan penyakit dengan skor APACHE II dan dilakukan biakan dan resistensi mikroorganisme. Hasil: Kuman yang banyak ditemukan merupakan gram negative (37,2%) dengan risiko mortalitas tertinggi 75% jenis Acinetobacter pada skor (APACHE II 30-34). Rerata skor APACHE II 15,78+ 6,04 dengancut off point skor APACHE II 16,5 dan skor APACHE II >16 memiliki mortalitas terbesar (64%) (p=0,032). Diagnosis infeksi paru dengan mortalitas terbesar didapatkan pada CAP (56%). Kesimpulan: Acinetobacter baumanii merupakan kuman terbanyak yang menyebabkan kematian pada pasien infeksi paru dan skor APACHE II merupakan prediktor yang baik dalam menilai derajat keparahan penyakit dan luaran pasien.

---

ABSTRACT<>br> Introduction: Lung infection are the most common cause of high mortality and morbidity in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Patients in ICU mostly critically ill with history of antibiotic use and risk of drug resistant that will influence the outcome of the patients. Scoring system used in ICU to measure severity of the disease and the outcome of the patients. This study asseses the microbiological pattern of patients with lung infection and severity of the disease using APACHE II Score. Methods: This study used cross sectional methods that heldbetween August 2017-September 2017in Persahabatan Hospital Intensive Care Unit. Total subjects consisted of 59 patients with lung infection base on consecutive sampling. All of the patients diagnosed with lung infection from specialist and confirmed with radiological findings, measured the APACHE II Score and performed sputum culture and resistance. Results: The most common isolation found in lung infection patients was gram negative (37,2%) with mortality risk of Acinetobacter baumanii75% (APACHE II Score 30-34). Mean APACHE II Score was 15,78+ 6,04 with cut off point APACHE II Score 16,5 and APACHE II Score > 16 has the highest mortality (64%) (p=0,032). Diagnose of lung infection with the highest mortality found in patients with CAP (56%). Conclusions: Acinetobacter baumanii are the most common cause of mortality in lung infection patients. The APACHE II Score has good predictor in measure severity of the diseases and the outcome of the patients.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Background: diagnostic of pulmonary TB in HIV patients is a problem due to non specific clinical features, or radiological appearance. HIV patients with CD4≤200 cells/mL infected with M. tuberculosis have less capacity in containing M. tuberculosis, developing granulomas, casseous necrosis, or cavities. This condition is caused by weakend inflammatory which later reduced sputum production and may cause false negative result. This study aimed to assess differences in the positivity level of acid fast bacilli (AFB) and cultures of M. tuberculosis from non-bronchoscopic sputum (spontaneous and induced sputum) compared to bronchoscopic sputum (bronchoalveolar lavage) in HIV positive patients suspected pulmonary tuberculosis with CD4<200 cells/μL. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in adult HIV patients treated in Hasan Sadikin Hospital with CD4≤200 cells/μL suspected with pulmonary tuberculosis by using paired comparative analytic test. All patients expelled sputum spontaneously or with sputum induction on the first day. On the next day, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. The two samples obtained from two methods were examined by AFB examination with staining Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) and cultured of M. tuberculosis on solid media Ogawa on all patients. Positivity, sensitivity and increased sensitivity of AFB and culture of M. tuberculosis in the non bronchoscopic and bronchoscopic groups were compared. Results: there were differences in the positivity level of AFB with ZN staining between non-bronchoscopic and bronchoscopic groups which were 7/40 (17.5%) vs 20/40 (50.0%) (p<0.001). The differences between the cultures of non-bronchoscopic and bronchoscopic groups were 16/40 (40.0%) vs 23/40 (57.5%) (p=0.039). Bronchoscopic sputum increased the positivity level of the ZN AFB examination by 32.5% (from 17.5% to 50.0%) as well as on culture examination by 17.5% (from 40.0% to 57.5%). Conclusion: Bronchoalveolar lavage can improve the positivity level of smears and cultures in patients suspected of pulmonary TB in HIV patients with CD4<200 cells/μL.