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Abstrak :
Ester asam oleat-sorbitol dapat disintesis secara enzimatis dengan katalis lipase yang terimobilisasi pada nanopartikel Fe3O4-Polidopamin. Pada penelitian ini, nanopartikel Fe3O4 dapat disintesis dengan menggunakan metode kopresipitasi, kemudian dimodifikasi dengan polidopamin. Karakterisasi pada nanopartikel Fe3O4, Fe3O4-Polidopamin, dan Fe3O4-Polidopamin-Lipase dilakukan dengan menggunakan FESEM-EDS (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersion X-Ray Spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), PSA (Particle Size Analyzer), VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer), dan FT-IR (Fourrier Transformation-Infra Red). Hasil ester yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan FT-IR, TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), dan uji emulsi sederhana. Hasil yang diperoleh dari analisis menggunakan FESEM didapatkan rata-rata ukuran dari nanopartikel Fe3O4 sebesar 32-58 nm dan nanopartikel Fe3O4-Polidopamin sebesar 35-77 nm. Dari penentuan persen loading lipase yang terimobilisasi diperoleh nilai sebesar 98,64%. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan optimasi reaksi esterifikasi asam oleat dengan sorbitol menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi pada nanopartikel Fe3O4-Polidopamin dengan variasi rasio sorbitol:asam oleat, yaitu 1:30, 1:60, dan 1:90 serta pelarut organik yang digunakan adalah t-Butanol dan Metil-Isobutil-Keton (MIBK). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum esterifikasi diperoleh pada rasio substrat 1:30 dengan menggunakan pelarut t-Butanol, dengan nilai persen konversi sebesar 23,56%. ...... Sorbitol-oleic esters could be produced by esterification reaction using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase on Fe3O4-Polydopamine nanoparticles. In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method and then modified using Polydopamine. Characterization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4-Polidopamin, and Fe3O4-Polidopamin-Lipase is conducted by using FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscope), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), PSA (Particle Size Analyzer), VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer), and FT-IR (Fourrier Transformation-Infra Red). The esterification product was then characterized by using FT-IR, TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), and simple emulsion test. Using FESEM analysis, it was found that average particle size of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were 32-58 mm and nanopraticles Fe3O4-Polidopamin were 35-77 nm. The loading percentage of immobilized lipase on Fe3O4-Polidopamin was 98,64%. To optimize the esterification reaction using immobilized lipase on Fe3O4- Polidopamin the substrate ratio of sorbitol:oleic acid were varied, which are 1:30, 1:60, and 1:90. The variation of organic solvent used in this study were t-Butanol and Metyl-Isobutyl-Keton (MIBK). Research also found that the highest conversion percentage value was obtained in substrate-ratio 1:30 using t-Butanol as solvent, with the conversion value of 23,56%.

Abstrak :
[SFAEs (Sugar Fatty Acid Esters) atau ester asam lemak-gula dapat disintesis enzimatis menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa E.C.3.1.1.3 terimobilisasi pada nanopartikel Fe3O4-Kitosan antara asam lemak hidrolisat minyak sawit dan fruktosa. Nanopartikel Fe3O4-Kitosan disintesis dengan metode kopresipitasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), dan VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer). Esterifikasi dilakukan menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi untuk pemakaian pertama dan berulang. Nilai persen loading pada lipase terimobilisasi yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 68,15%. dengan aktivitas sebesar 1,39 U/mg dan efisiensi imobilisasi sebesar 3,52%. Untuk lipase terimobilisasi pemakaian kedua didapatkan aktivitas spesifik sebesar 0,51 U/mg dengan efisiensi imobilisasi sebesar 1,28%. Reaksi esterifikasi dilakukan dalam pelarut organik yang berbeda yaitu t-butanol dan metil isobutil keton (MIBK). Persen konversi tertinggi diperoleh dengan pelarut t-butanol sebesar 28,09% dengan derajat substitusi (DS) ester 3 menggunakan lipase bebas, 21,80% dengan DS ester 2 menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi dan 16,81% dengan DS ester 2 menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi pemakaian kedua. ......Sugar Fatty Acid Esters (SFAEs) can be synthesized by an enzymatic esterification between palm oil fatty acid and fructose using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase E.C.3.1.1.3 on Fe3O4-Chitosan nanoparticles. Fe3O4-Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by using coprecipitation method and characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer). The esterification reaction was performed using immobilized lipase for first and second usage. The loading percentage value of immobilized lipase obtained in this study was 68.15% with the specific avtivity of the immobilized lipase and immobilization efficiency was 3.52%. For the second usage of immobilized lipase, the specific activity obtained was 0.51 U/mg and immobilization efficiency obtained was 1.28%. The solvents used in the esterification reaction are t-butanol and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The highest percentage conversion was obtained in t-butanol as a solvent using free lipase with the value of 28.09% and degree of substitution (DS) value of ester was 3. The conversion percentage using immobilized lipase was 21.80% and DS value of ester was 2. Last but not least, for the second usage of immo., Sugar Fatty Acid Esters (SFAEs) can be synthesized by an enzymatic esterification between palm oil fatty acid and fructose using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase E.C.3.1.1.3 on Fe3O4-Chitosan nanoparticles. Fe3O4-Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by using coprecipitation method and characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer). The esterification reaction was performed using immobilized lipase for first and second usage. The loading percentage value of immobilized lipase obtained in this study was 68.15% with the specific avtivity of the immobilized lipase and immobilization efficiency was 3.52%. For the second usage of immobilized lipase, the specific activity obtained was 0.51 U/mg and immobilization efficiency obtained was 1.28%. The solvents used in the esterification reaction are t-butanol and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The highest percentage conversion was obtained in t-butanol as a solvent using free lipase with the value of 28.09% and degree of substitution (DS) value of ester was 3. The conversion percentage using immobilized lipase was 21.80% and DS value of ester was 2. Last but not least, for the second usage of immo]