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"Almost all of the breakthroughs in understanding the atmosphere have been initiated by field observations, using a range of instrumental techniques. Developing or deploying instruments to make further observations demands a thorough understanding of the chemical and spectroscopic principles on which such measurements depend. Written as an authoritative guide to the techniques of instrumental measurement for the atmospheric scientist, research student or undergraduate, Analytical Techniques for Atmospheric Measurement focuses on the instruments used to make real time measurements of atmospheric gas and aerosol composition. Topics covered include how they work, their strengths and weaknesses for a particular task, the platforms on which they have been deployed and how they are calibrated. It explains the fundamental principles upon which the instrumental techniques are based (i.e. what property of a molecule can be exploited to enable its detection), what limits instrumental sensitivity and accuracy, and the information that can be gained from their use--Publisher's blurb."

"Particulate matter is the most prevailing pollutant in Peninsula Malaysia having the highest API value compared to the other criteria pollutants. Long-term exposure to small particles less than 10 micrometres may lead to a marked reduction in life expectancy due to increase cardio-pulmonary and lung cancer mortality. Effective forecasting models at the local level predict the concentrations of particulate matter is crucial as the information generated allows the authority and people within a community to take precautionary measures to avoid exposure to unhealthy levels of air quality and implement strategic measures that improve air quality status. The aim of this study is to establish MLR models for different monsoon seasons with meteorological factors as predictors. Daily observations of PM10 concentrations in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia from January 2005 to December 2011 were selected for predicting PMl0 concentration level. The MLR models for NEM, Inter Monsoon 1, SWM and Inter Monsoon 2 disclose R2 of 0.68, 0.58, 0.57, and 0.63, respectively. Wind speed, relative humidity and rainfall exhibit negative relationship whilst temperature and atmospheric pressure are directly correlated with PM10 concentrations. In conclusion, the developed MLR models are appropriate for forecasting PM10 concentrations at local level for each monsoon."

"Semarang merupakan salah satu kota yang berpotensi mengalami pencemaran udara, karena mempunyai beberapa kawasan industri yang semakin berkembang pesat seperti kawasan industri Kaligawe, Mangkang, Mranggen dan Simongan. Saat ini di Kota Semarang sudah ada pemantau kualitas udara dan faktor meteorologi harian.Berdasarkan Profil Kesehatan Kota Semarang diketahui bahwa penyakit yang menempati urutan pertama jumlah kunjungan ke Puskesmas tahun 2000 dan dialami semua kelompok umur adalah gangguan saluran pernafasan 148.975 kasus. Untuk wilayah Kecamatan Pedurungan gangguan saluran pernafasan jumlahnya 13.301 kasus. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian gangguan saluran pernafasan ada bermacam-macam, salah satunya adalah pencemaran udara.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas udara ambien dengan faktor meteorologi, kualitas udara ambien dan kejadian gangguan saluran pernafasan di Kecamatan Pedurungan Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi korelasi yang menganalisis data sekunder kualitas udara ambien dan faktor meteorologi dari stasiun pengamatan Pedurungan dan data kejadian gangguan saluran pernafasan dari Puskesmas Tlogosari Kulon dan Puskesmas Tlogosari Wetan Semarang.Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata mingguan suhu 27,37°C, kelembaban 75,08%, arah angin 165,72°, kecepatan angin 4,49 m/s, radiasi global 192,48 W/m2. Rata-rata kualitas udara untuk PM10 61,71 gg/m3, SO2 10,15 p.glm3, CO 1,20 mglm3, O3 33,37p.g/m3, NO218,75µg/m3. Jumlah gangguan saluran pernafasan rata rata-rata 246,84 kasus.Hasil korelasi menunjukan suhu udara bermakna dengan NO2, kelembaban bermakna dengan CO PM10, NO2, O3, arah angin bermakna dengan SO2 dan O3. Kesepatan angin bermakna dengan PM10, CO dan O3, Radisi global bermakna dengan PM10 dan O3. Uji korelasi kualitas udara dengan gangguan saluran pernafasan menunjukan hubungan dengan PM10, SO2 dan O3.Berdasarkan uji regresi kurva estimasi maka dapat disimpulkan model yang mempunyai hubungan persamaan paling kuat adalah PM10 dengan kejadian penyakit gangguan saluran pernafasan (R2=19%).Melihat kecenderungan peningkatan pencemaran udara berhubungan dengan gangguan saluran pernafasan maka perlu ditingkatkan kerjasama lintas sektor Dinas Kesehatan Semarang dengan pihak terkait, penanaman pohon, uji emisi, serta penelitian dengan waktu pengamatan lebih panjang.

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Semarang is one of the city that potentially to experience air pollution, because Semarang have several industrial area, which grows very fast such as Kaligawe, Mangkang and Simongan. Now Semarang has a air quality monitor and daily meteorological factor.

Based on data from Semarang health profile, we know that which is on the top of the list on health center visitation in year 2000 and experienced by all age is respiratory diseases, with 148.975 cases. There are several factors that cases respiratory diseases, one of them is air pollution.

The purpose of study is to know the correlation between air quality and meteorological factor, air quality and respiratory diseases in Pedurungan District, Semarang. This study is a correlation which analysis secondary data of air quality and meteorological factor from Pedurungan monitoring station, and respiratory diseases case from Tlogosari Wetan and Tlogosari Kul on Health Center.

This study shows that average weekly temperature is 27,58°C, humidity 75,08%, wind direction 162,72°, wind speed 4,49m/s, global radiation 192,48 W/m2. Average air quality for PM10 61,71 µg/m3, SO2 10,15 µg/m3, CO 1,20 µg/m3, O3 33,37 µg/m3, NO2 18,75 µg/m3. Average respiratory diseases case 246,84 (247).

Correlation result shows that temperature is significant with NO2, humidity significant with CO, PM10, NO2 and O3. Wind direction significant with PM10 and O3, wind speed significant with PMI0, CO and O3. Correlation test between air quality and respiratory diseases shows a positive relation with PMI0, O3 and a negative relation with SO2.

Based on regression curve estimation we can conclude a model that the strongest association is PMI0 and diseases case (R2=19%).

Knowing that air pollution increase trends to correlation with respiratory diseases case, we should increase inter sector collaboration between Semarang Health Departement and the other sector, tree plantation, emission test and research with longer time period."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model struktur kecepatan gelombang P, koreksi stasiun dan kajian tektonik tiga wilayah BMG ( BMG Wilayah I - III ). Model struktur kecepatan dan koreksi stasiun ditentukan dengan metoda inversi kuadrat terkecil. Sedangkan kajian tektonik dilakukan berdasarkan analisis distribusi hiposenter dan stres gempa dari data mekanisme fokus.Model struktur kecepatan yang dihasilkan umumnya lebih cepat dari pada model struktur Jeffrey-Mien maupun model Curray dan Fauzi kecuali pada kedalaman 0-34 km. Kecepatan gelombang P pada kedalaman 0-34 km untuk BMG Wilayah I lebih lambat dari pada BMG Wilayah II dan lebih Iambat dari pada BMG Wilayah III. Koreksi stasiun berkisar antara -0,96 hingga 0,22 detik untuk BMG Wilayah I, -0,19 hingga 0,43 detik untuk BMG Wilayah II dan -0,23 hingga 0,10 detik untuk BMG Wilayah III.Kemiringan penunjaman lempeng tektonik BMG Wilayah I berkisar antara 44 ° - 50 0, BMG Wilayah II antara 53 ° - 65 ° , sedangkan BMG Wilayah III antara 60 ° - 65 Stres gempa BMG Wilayah I bagian Tenggara cenderung berarah Selatan Barat Daya - Utara Timur Laut dan berubah ke Barat Laut - Tenggara di bagian Barat Laut. Pada bagian Barat BMG Wilayah II stres gempa cenderung berarah Selatan Barat Daya - Utara Timur Laut dan semakin ke Timur bergeser ke arah Barat Laut - Tenggara. Sedangkan di BMG Wilayah III mempunyai dua pola, yang cenderung berarah Timur - Barat pada daerah yang makin ke Timur, yang mungkin disebabkan oleh perubahan arah penunjaman.Stres gempa yang dominan pada BMG Wilayah I kedalaman 0 - 150 km adalah down dip compression, pada BMG Wilayah II kedalaman 0 - 100 km adalah down dip compression , dan pada kedalaman 100 - 300 km adalah down dip tension . Sedangkan pada BMG Wilayah III kedalaman 0 - 100..km adalah down dip compression, 100 300km down dip tension dan pada kedalaman yang lebih dari 300 kin adalah down dip ' compression.

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ABSTRACT

Velocity Structures, Station Corrections And Study For The Tectonic Of Three Meteorological And Geophysical Regions (Sumatera, Java And Nusatenggara)We have determined the model of P-wave velocity structures, station corrections and study for the tectonic of three Meteorological and Geophysical Regions ( Region I, II and III). P-wave velocity structures and station corrections have been computed by the method of the least-squares inversion , whereas the tectonic research has been done by analysis of hypocenters and stress distributions.

The obtained velocity structure model was lower than.the model of Jeffrey-Sullen, or Curray and Fauzi for 0 - 34 km deep and faster for the deeper layer. P-wave velocity at 0-34 km deep for the Region I was lower than the Region II and Region III. The station corrections were obtained -0.96 to 0.22 seconds for the Region I , -0.19 to 0.44 seconds for the Region II and -0.23 to 0.10 seconds for the Region III.

The dipping of the tectonic plate of Region I was 44°-50 °, Region II was 53 0-65 ° and Region III was 60 °-65 °. Stresses at Southeast of Region I had trend to Southsouthwest - Northnortheast direction and changed to Northwest-Southeast at Northwestern part. In the Western of Region II stresses had trend to South southwest - Northnortheast and changed to Northwest - Southeast at the Eastern part, while in Region III had two patterns with trend to East - West direction at Eastern part, due to the change of direction of subduction.

In Region I the down-dip compression dominated the slab down to the depth of 150 km. In Region II the down-dip compression dominated the slab down to the depth of 100 km, while down-dip tension occured at 100 to 300 km deep. In Region III the down-dip compression dominated the slab down to the depth of 100 km,down-diptensions dominated the slab from 100.to 300 km deep, while below this depth the earthquakes were dominated by the down-dip compression."

"ABSTRAKIndonesian and Japanese researchers have conducted a three-year,multi-disciplinary,cooperative research project. The project provides a platform for collaboration amog researchers in natural science, engineering, and social or humanity sciences, and for officials in national and local governments. "

"This book presents principal structures of space systems functionality of meteorological networks, media and applications for modern remote sensing, transmission systems, meteorological ground and users segments and transferring weather data from satellite to the ground infrastructures and users. The author presents techniques and different modes of satellite image interpretation, type of satellite imagery, spectral imaging properties, and enhancement of imaging technique, geo-location and calibration, atmospheric and surface phenomena. Several satellite meteorological applications are introduced including common satellite remote sensing applications, weather analysis, warnings and prediction, observation and measurements of meteorological variables, atmosphere and surface applications, ocean and coastal applications, land, agriculture and forestry applications, and maritime and aviation satellite weather applications. The author also covers ground segment and user segment in detail. The final chapter looks to the future, covering possible space integrations in meteorological and weather observation.This is a companion book of Global Satellite Meteorological Observation Theory (Springer), which provides the following topics:Evolution of meteorological observations and history satellite meteorologySpace segment with satellite orbits and meteorological payloadsAnalog and digital transmission, type of modulations and broadcasting systemsAtmospheric radiation, satellite meteorological parameters and instrumentsMeteorological antenna systems and propagation"

"Tingginya tingkat pencemaran udara masih menjadi permasalahan di DKI Jakarta. Hasil pemantauan kualitas udara oleh pihak Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi DKI Jakarta selama periode tahun 2020 menunjukkan hanya terdapat 8% periode kualitas udara yang menunjukkan kondisi baik. Sementara itu, Kota Jakarta Timur bahkan menjadi kota dengan jumlah kasus COVID-19 tertinggi di Indonesia yaitu sebanyak 300.198 kasus per 10 Juni 2022. Kecamatan Cipayung merupakan salah satu kecamatan dengan kasus COVID-19 tertinggi di Kota Jakarta Timur. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa paparan dari zat polutan yang terdapat di udara ambien beserta faktor meteorologis dapat berkontribusi terhadap dinamika penularan penyakit COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi NO2, konsentrasi SO2, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, curah hujan, dan kecepatan angin dengan kejadian COVID-19 di Kecamatan Cipayung Kota Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan pendekatan analisis tren waktu. Seluruh data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder pada tahun 2021 yang berasal dari BMKG, Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur, dan dataset NASA POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan kecepatan angin dengan kejadian COVID-19 di Kecamatan Cipayung Kota Jakarta Timur Tahun 2021. Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi NO2, konsentrasi SO2, dan curah hujan dengan kejadian COVID-19 di Kecamatan Cipayung Kota Jakarta Timur Tahun 2021. Kecepatan angin menjadi variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian COVID-19

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The high level of air pollution is still a problem in DKI Jakarta. The results from air quality monitoring by the Environmental Agency of DKI Jakarta province during the 2020 period showed that only 8% of the air quality monitoring periods indicated good conditions. Meanwhile, East Jakarta City has the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, namely 300,198 cases as of June 10 2022. Cipayung District is one of the districts with the highest COVID-19 cases in East Jakarta City. Previous studies have shown that exposure to pollutants in the ambient air and meteorological factors can contribute to the dynamics of COVID-19 disease transmissions. This study aims to determine the relationship between NO2 concentration, SO2 concentration, air temperature, air humidity, rainfall, and wind speed with the incidence of COVID-19 in East Jakarta City. This study uses an ecological study design with a time trend analysis approach. All data used is secondary data in 2021 originating from the BMKG, the Health Office of East Jakarta Administrative City, and the NASA POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources) dataset. This study's results indicate a significant relationship between air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed with the incidence of COVID-19 in Cipayung District, East Jakarta City, in 2021. However, there is no significant relationship between NO2 concentration, SO2 concentration, and rainfall with the incidence of COVID-19 in Cipayung District, East Jakarta City, in 2021. Wind speed is the variable that has the most dominant influence on the incidence of COVID-19."

"Top space experts from around the world have collaborated to produce this comprehensive, authoritative, and clearly illustrated reference guide to the fast growing, multi-billion dollar field of satellite applications and space communications. This handbook, done under the auspices of the International Space University based in France, addresses not only system technologies but also examines market dynamics, technical standards and regulatory constraints. The handbook is a completely multi-disciplinary reference book that covers, in an in-depth fashion, the fields of satellite telecommunications, Earth observation, remote sensing, satellite navigation, geographical information systems, and geosynchronous meteorological systems. It covers current practices and designs as well as advanced concepts and future systems. It provides a comparative analysis of the common technologies and design elements for satellite application bus structures, thermal controls, power systems, stabilization techniques, telemetry, command and control (TTC), and orbital configurations. These common aspects are addressed in an integrated fashion to explain how all these space systems share similar design features, but also have quite specialized application packages to carry out their various missions. No other reference in print today provides such a comprehensive and in-depth guide to all forms of application satellites, including small sats as used by countries just beginning space application programs."