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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Industri Baja dan Aluminium terbukti mempengaruhi kejadian Metal Fume Fever akibat banyaknya pajanan debu logam yang dihasilkan dari teknik pengelasan, pemotongan logam berat. Banyak kandungan metal berbahaya dalam industri baja dan Aluminium yang dapat berpontensi menimbulkan keluhan Metal Fume Fever ketika pekerja terpajan fume dan gas yang dihasilkan dalam proses industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa kejadian Metal Fume Fever pada pekerja industri baja dan Aluminium, serta faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Banyaknya keluhan flu like syndrome yang dialami pekerja yang ingin ditelaah apakah ini termasuk Metal Fume Fever terkait pajanan debu logam di lingkungan pabrik.Metode: Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan pada pekerja pabrik baja dan Aluminium di Cibitung. Data yang diperoleh dari wawancara dan kuesioner, anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik, serta pemeriksaan kadar debu logam di lingkungan pabrik. Dalam menegakkan diagnosa Metal Fume Fever digunakan tujuh langkah diagnosis okupasi.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pengukuran kadar debu logam Al,Cr,Fe,Pb di bawah NAB. Dan dari 63 pekerja, terdapat 27 pekerja 42,8 yang mengalami Metal Fume Fever. Pada penelitian ini terdapat beberapa variabel yang diteliti antara lain variabel umur, patuh APD, riwayat merokok dan masa kerja. Dari empat variabel tersebut, variabel umur >40 tahun yang lebih berisiko untuk terjadinya Metal Fume Fever. OR: 6,49, p= 0,018, 95 CI=1,38-30,42 Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pengukuran kadar debu logam Al,Cr,Fe,Pb dibawah NAB namun demikian proses produksi terus berlangsung dan pekerja terus menghirup debu logam juga terkait dengan proses sensitisasi dan imunitas pekerja yang berhubungan dengan keluhan Metal Fume Fever. Didapatkan juga bahwa variabel umur >40 tahun lebih berisiko untuk terjadinya Metal Fume Fever.Kata kunci: Metal Fume Fever, debu logam

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ABSTRACT
Background: Steel and aluminum industry proven influential to the occurrence Metal Fume Fever due to the large exposure to metal dust generated from welding technique, cutting heavy metals. Many hazardous metal content in the steel and aluminum industries which may cause Metal Fume Fever symptoms when workers exposed to fume and gas produced in industrial processes. This study was conducted to analyze the incidence of Metal Fume Fever among steel and aluminum industry workers, and the factors that influence it. The number of complaints flu like syndrome experienced by workers who wish to be explored whether this includes Metal Fume Fever associated metal dust exposure. Methods The cross sectional study was conducted on the steel and aluminum factory workers in Cibitung. Data obtained from interviews and questionnaires, the anamnesis and physical examination and also inspection of metal dust levels in the factory environment. In the diagnosis of Metal Fume Fever, use a seven step diagnosis of occupational. Results In this study, measurement of metal dust Al, Cr, Fe, Pb below the TLV. And of 63 workers, there are 27 workers 42.8 with Metal Fume Fever. In this study, there are several variables studied include age, obedient PPE, smoking history and tenure. Of the four variables, the variables age 40 years who are more at risk for the occurrence of Metal Fume Fever. OR 6,49, p 0,018, 95 CI 1,38 30,42 Conclusion In this study, measurement of metal dust Al, Cr, Fe, Pb under NAB however, the production process continues and workers continue to inhale metal dust is also related to the process of sensitization and immune related complaints worker Metal Fume Fever. It was found also that the variables age 40 years are more at risk for the occurrence of Metal Fume Fever. Keywords Metal Fume Fever, metal dust

Abstrak :
Uap logam merupakan agen penyebab atopi golongan berat molekul rendah yang menyebabkan terjadinya Metal Fume Fever(MFF). Adanya mekanisme alergi pada MFF belum diketahui dengan jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran atopi dan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi terjadinya MFF. Desain potong lintang dengan analisis komparatif digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan atopi serta faktor lain terhadap terjadinya MFF pada pekerja las.Subjek penelitian adalah 234 pekerja las di industri suku cadang otomotif PT X di Bekasi, Indonesia.Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner, pemeriksaan klinis, uji tusuk kulit, serta pengukuran arus puncak ekspirasi. 108 dari 234 sampel (46%) mengalami MFF.Tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna antara subjek dengan atopi dan subjek tanpa atopi terhadap terjadinya MFF. Berdasarkan RRsuaian dengan melakukan penyesuaian antar variabel yaitu atopi, masa kerja dan APD tidak diperoleh adanya variabel yang merupakan faktor determinan, walaupun pada perhitungan RRkasar ditemukan masa kerja > 5 tahun dan tidak menggunakan APD meningkatkan risiko MFF dengan masing-masing RRkasar (1.46, 95%IK=1.03-2.09) dan (1.5, 95%IK=1.05-2.15). Sebagai simpulan yaitu prevalensi MFF pada pekerja las sebesar 46%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan secara statistik antara proporsi subjek dengan faktor atopi untuk mengalami MFF dengan subjek tanpa faktor atopi.

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Metal fume is low molecular weight atopy agent which cause Metal Fume Fever (MFF). The allergic mechanisms of MFF is still unclear. This study aims to determine role of atopy and other factors influence MFF.This was a cross-sectional study with a comparative analysis to determine assosiation between atopy and other influencing factors with occurrence of MFF on welder. Subjects were 234 workers in PT X an automotive sparepart industry in Bekasi, Indonesia. Data collected through questionnaires, clinical examination, skin prick test and peak expiratory flow measurements. 108 of 234 samples (46%) experienced MFF. There were no significant differences proportion between subjects with atopy and non atopy to the occurrence of MFF. Based on adjusted Relative Risk (adjusted RR) by making adjustments between variables atopy, working period and usage of PPE, this study wasn?t obtained the existance of a variable which act as determinant factor. Although crude relative risk analysis was found work period over 5 years and not using PPE increases the risk of MFF, which for working periode (RRcrude=1.46; 95%CI=1:03-2:09) and a habit of not using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (RRcrude =1.5; 95%CI=1:05-2:15).The prevalence of MFF on welder was46%. No statistic significant differance between proportion of subjects with atopy and subjects without atopy for experiencing MFF.

Abstrak :
Background : Metal workers in Indonesia are susceptible to metal fume exposure. One of them is exposure to manganese and aluminum metal fumes that can increase the risk of decline in memory function. Nevertheless, the influence of metal exposure from welding fumes containing manganese and aluminum are still not conclusive. This study was conducted to determine differences in memory function between metal workers exposed and not exposed to metal fume. Methods : This research using a cross-sectional study design with a comparative analysis based on differences in exposure to welding fumes. Metal fume exposure is measured by the levels of manganese and aluminum in the air within work environment using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and in the blood using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Subject’s memory function were examined with Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure, the Beck Depression Inventory II, Digit Span Backward. Results : Manganese and aluminum levels are 0,00001 mg/m3 and 0,000016 mg/m3 and it below the threshold value of the environment nationwide. Median scores on memory function welding worker group is 23.75 (4-34) and non-welding workers was 19.5 (7-35) were not statistically different (p = 0.06). The memory function in the group of workers with blood manganese levels above normal {median 26 (4-34)} is higher than normal {median of 20 (5-35)} (p = 0.005). Conclusions : The differences of memory function is obtained in the group of workers by category of blood manganese levels. The median difference of memory function scores did not differ based on worker exposure to welding fumes.

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ABSTRACT
Background : Metal workers in Indonesia are susceptible to metal fume exposure. One of them is exposure to manganese and aluminum metal fumes that can increase the risk of decline in memory function. Nevertheless, the influence of metal exposure from welding fumes containing manganese and aluminum are still not conclusive. This study was conducted to determine differences in memory function between metal workers exposed and not exposed to metal fume. Methods : This research using a cross-sectional study design with a comparative analysis based on differences in exposure to welding fumes. Metal fume exposure is measured by the levels of manganese and aluminum in the air within work environment using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and in the blood using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Subject’s memory function were examined with Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure, the Beck Depression Inventory II, Digit Span Backward. Results : Manganese and aluminum levels are 0,00001 mg/m3 and 0,000016 mg/m3 and it below the threshold value of the environment nationwide. Median scores on memory function welding worker group is 23.75 (4-34) and non-welding workers was 19.5 (7-35) were not statistically different (p = 0.06). The memory function in the group of workers with blood manganese levels above normal {median 26 (4-34)} is higher than normal {median of 20 (5-35)} (p = 0.005). Conclusions : The differences of memory function is obtained in the group of workers by category of blood manganese levels. The median difference of memory function scores did not differ based on worker exposure to welding fumes.