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Abstrak :
Distribusi suatu spesies sangat diperlukan untuk memandu aktivitas perlindungannya di alam. Minimnya informasi tentang distribusi trenggiling jawa membuat strategi perlindungan spesies ini di alam sulit untuk dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan di Stasiun Penelitian Way Canguk, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan pada bulan Januari - Maret 2018. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk membuat peta prediksi distribusi dan mengestimasi variabel lingkungan yang paling memengaruhi kehadiran trenggiling jawa di lokasi studi. Sebanyak 14 titik koordinat camera trap digunakan sebagai data kehadiran, bersama dengan sembilan jenis variabel lingkungan yang digunakan yaitu ketinggian, kemiringan, understorey, tutupan tajuk, jarak dari jalan, jarak dari sungai, jarak dari desa, sumber makanan, serta jarak dari gangguan. Hasil permodelan Maxent menunjukkan bahwa hasil permodelan sangat baik dengan nilai AUC 0.909. Prediksi probabilitas distribusi trenggiling jawa tertinggi terdapat di daerah Resort Pemerihan dan Resort Way Haru, sedangkan variabel lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kehadiran trenggiling jawa yaitu jarak dari desa, tutupan tajuk, dan jarak dari gangguan dengan nilai persentase kontribusi secara berturut-turut 47.7, 25.8, dan 15.8. Peta prediksi distribusi serta perkiraan tipe habitat yang disukai oleh trenggiling jawa yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan masukan bagi pihak taman nasional untuk memprioritaskan area perlindungan trenggiling jawa dari bahaya perburuan yang semakin meningkat. ......Distribution of a species can help to guide protection activity in their natural habitat, and the lack of information thereof make protection strategy of this species difficult. The research was conducted in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park on January ndash March 2018. The purpose of this research is to make a distribution prediction map of sunda pangolin and estimate environment variables that most influence their probability of distribution. 14 points of camera trap coordinates are used for presence data with 9 types of environment variables such as elevation, slope, understorey, canopy cover, distance of road, distance of river, distance of village, food source, and distance from threat. The result of maxent showed is very good with AUC value 0.909. The highest probability of sunda pangolin distributions are in the Pemerihan Resort and Way Haru Resort area, while the dominant environment variables are distance of village, canopy cover, and distance of threat with contribution percentage of 47.7, 25.8, and 15.8. Distribution prediction map and type of habitat prefered identified from this study, can provide input to national park to prioritize protection area for sunda pangolin from increased poaching.

Abstrak :
Wilayah Pegunungan Kumbang-Pojoktilu-Subang terletak di perbatasan Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Situs arkeologi di wilayah ini secara religi berasal dari masa pra sejarah, masa Hindu-Buddha, dan tradisi penganggungan leluhur masih berlanjut hingga saat ini. Penelitian arkeologi di wilayah ini masih terbatas, terutama dalam memahami distribusi situs-situs arkeologi secara makro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara situs-situs arkeologi dan lingkungan fisiknya dengan pendekatan determinan ekologi. Teknik Archaeology Predictive Modelling menggunakan MaxEnt digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pola kecenderungan pemilihan lahan dengan nilai variabel lingkungan fisik tertentu yang mendasari pertimbangan lokasi situs arkeologi di wilayah ini. Hasil permodelan MaxEnt menunjukkan variabel yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam pemilihan lokasi situs meliputi kemiringan lahan 5°, nilai TPI 20-50 (posisi lebih tinggi daripada area sekitarnya), ketinggian lahan 800-1000 mdpl, jarak 0-50 meter dari sungai terdekat, jenis tanah grumosol kelabu, lokasi di Formasi Halang (Tmph), kemiringan menghadap ke arah utara, sistem lahan steep hills on marls with rock outcrops, nilai plan curvature 0-1 (kelengkungan lereng lateral sedikit cembung), dan nilai profile curvature -1-0 (kelengkungan lereng sejajar garis kontur sedikit cekung). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, masyarakat pembuat situs di wilayah ini terutama mempertimbangkan aksesibilitas yang buruk, tetapi juga memperhatikan stabilitas lahan, ketersediaan air, dan ketersediaan makanan sebagai faktor pendukung. ......The Kumbang-Pojoktilu-Subang Mountains region is located on the border of West Java and Central Java provinces. Archaeological sites in this region religiously date back to pre-history, the Hindu-Buddhist period, and the tradition of ancestral worship continues to this day. Archaeological research in this region is still limited, especially in understanding the macro distribution of archaeological sites. This research aims to identify the relationship between archaeological sites and their physical environment using an ecological determinant approach. The Archaeology Predictive Modelling technique using MaxEnt was used to identify patterns of land selection trends with specific physical environment variable values underlying the consideration of archaeological site locations in this region. MaxEnt modelling results show that variables that are considered in the selection of archaeological site locations include land slope of 5°, TPI value of 20-50 (higher position than the surrounding area), land elevation of 800-1000 masl, distance of 0-50 metres from the nearest river, grey grumosol soil type, location in the Halang Formation (Tmph), north-facing slope, land system steep hills on marls with rock outcrops, plan curvature value 0-1 (lateral slope curvature slightly convex), and profile curvature value -1-0 (slope curvature parallel to contour lines slightly concave). Based on these results, archaeological site builders in this region mainly consider poor accessibility, but also consider land stability, water availability, and food availability as supporting factors.

Abstrak :
Population of Flindersia pimenteliana (Maple Silkwood) in Indonesian Papua and Papua New Guinea is severely fragmented and experiencing a continuing decline due to habitat destruction and illegal logging. This species is very susceptible to environmental changes and at greater risk of extinction due to its small and fragmented geographic ranges and low abundance. Using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method, the present study predicted the impact of climate change on the distribution of the species across its native distribution area. Elevation and 19 bioclimatic variables commonly used in species distribution modeling were used as predictors. Â The prediction model of the current potential distribution identified a total area of 156,214 km2 in Indonesian Papua and Papua New Guinea (18% of total land area) as suitable habitat for F. pimenteliana. Elevation and precipitation of the wettest, coldest and warmest quarters contributed most to the model. Based on the average of HadGEM2-ES and MIROC-ESM models, potential distribution projections under RCP8.5 scenario suggested a habitat gain of 16% for 2050 and 8% for 2070 in the species distribution. Whereas under RCP4.5, an average habitat gain of 7% was predicted for both 2050 and 2070. The newly suitable habitats were predicted to be found mainly in Southern and Western Highland of Papua New Guinea. Protection of these areas from habitat destruction and land use change is needed to assist F. pimenteliana find the most suitable climate for its survival.

Abstrak :
Degradasi habitat, fragmentasi habitat, perburuan liar dan konflik gajah dengan manusia telah menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan populasi gajah sumatra Elephas maximus sumatranus dan menempatkannya menjadi salah satu satwa dengan status konservasi kritis critically endangered. Informasi-informasi dasar seperti seks, usia, sebaran spasial, serta pengaruh faktor-faktor lingkungan terhadap keberadaan gajah sumatra diperlukan untuk mencegah gajah sumatra dari kepunahan melalui manajemen konservasi yang baik. Identifikasi seks gajah sumatra dilakukan pada sampel feses dari Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan TNBBS dengan teknik molekular menggunakan metode multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction untuk mengamplifikasi gen PLP1 pada kromosom X serta SRY1 dan AMELY2 pada kromososm Y. Identifikasi usia dilakukan dengan mengukur rata-rata keliling bolus feses. Hasil dari identifikasi seks-usia pada sampel feses gajah sumatra di TNBBS menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang ditemukan didominasi oleh betina muda dan betina dewasa masing-masing 22, jantan muda 20, jantan dewasa 9, betina anak 4, serta jantan anak 3. Preferensi habitat gajah sumatra jantan dan betina sama yaitu lahan pertanian kering. Uji pengaruh variabel lingkungan terhadap probabilitas kehadiran gajah sumatra jantan dan betina dilakukan dengan menggunakan Maximum Entropy MaxEnt dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memberikan pengaruh terbesar adalah elevasi, tutupan lahan, dan jarak desa. Upaya untuk melindungi gajah sumatra dari kepunahan dapat dilakukan dengan pemilihan prioritas restorasi lahan, penegakan hukum, perencanaan penggunaan lahan, peningkatan patroli, serta penelitian terkait populasi gajah sumatra dan habitatnya seperti yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. ...... Habitat degradation, habitat fragmentation, poaching and human elephant conflict HEC have resulted in a decline of sumatran elephant Elephas maximus sumatranus population and placed it into one of critically endangered animals. Basic information such as sex, age, spatial distribution, and the influence of environmental factors on the existence of sumatran elephant are needed to prevent sumatran elephants from extinction through good conservation management. The identification of Sumatran elephant sex was performed on faecal samples from Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park BBSNP by molecular technique using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction method to amplify PLP1 gene on X chromosome and SRY1 and AMELY2 on Y chromososm. Age identification was done by measuring the mean of boli circumference. The results of the age sex identification of the sumatran elephant faeces sample in BBNSP showed that the samples were dominated by adult female and sub adult female 22 respectively, 20 sub adult males, 9 adult males, 4 juvenile females, and 3 juvenile males. Preference of males and females sumatran elephant habitat is dry farmland. The test of environmental variables influence on the probability of males and females sumatran elephants presence was performed using Maximum Entropy MaxEnt. The results showed that elevation, land cover, and village distance were variables that gave biggest influence to the presence probability. Efforts to protect Sumatran elephants from extinction can be undertaken with the selection of land restoration priorities, law enforcement, land use planning, patrol improvements, and research on sumatran elephant populations and their habitats as practiced in this study.