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"Penyakit filariasis disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing mikrofilaria yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk ke manusia. Salah satu cara untuk mengeliminasi penyebaran infeksi tersebut adalah pengobatan massal. Pengobatan massal merupakan pemberian obat tahunan ke seluruh populasi berisiko. Pada penelitian ini, dikonstruksi model matematika untuk melihat pengaruh intervensi pengobatan massal terhadap penyebaran filariasis dalam populasi. Populasi manusia dipartisi dalam 6 kelas berdasarkan kerentanan, partisipasi dalam pengobatan massal, serta tingkat infeksi. Populasi nyamuk dipartisi menjadi dua kelas berdasarkan kerentanan dan keinfeksian. Berdasarkan analisis titik ekuilibrium dan simulasi numerik, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyakit akan menghilang jika dan penyakit akan mewabah jika . Berdasarkan hasil analisis elastisitas, langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk eliminasi filariasis adalah meningkatkan laju MDA (, mengurangi laju perkembangan dari nyamuk rentan menjadi nyamuk terinfeksi () dan mengurangi laju kontak individu rentan yang terinfeksi

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Filariasis is a disease caused by microfilaria infection transmitted by mosquitoes. To eliminate the spread of the infection, mass drug administration (MDA) is used. MDA involves administering an annual drug to the entire at-risk population. In this study, a mathematical model is constructed to assess the effect of MDA. The human population is partitioned into 6 classes according to susceptibility, participation in MDA, and infectivity status. The vector population is divided into two classes according to susceptibility and infectivity Based on the equilibrium point analysis and numerical simulation, it can be concluded that the disease will disappear if and the disease will become epidemic if. Based on the results of elasticity analysis, steps that can be taken to eliminate filariasis are increasing MDA levels (), reducing the rate of development from susceptible mosquitoes to infected mosquitoes (θ) and reducing the contact rate of susceptible infected individuals (λ)."

"Lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for biogas production, but there are various factors which affect the performance of lignocellulosic biomass. Among the various factors, temperature is one of the important factors which play a significant role in biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass. Biogas production was studied for bamboo dust, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and rice straw, all separately mixed with cattle dung. The effect of temperature on biogas production from various lignocellulosic biomasses was studied for temperature range from 35°C to 55°C at steps of 5°C. The objective of this work is to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the effect of temperature on the rate of biogas production from various lignocellulosic biomasses. The new mathematical model is derived by modification of the modified Gompertz model. The new model is found to be suitable for lignocellulosic biomass mixed with cattle dung in the temperature range 35°C to 55°C. The resulting estimated biogas production is found to be highly correlated to the experimental data of present study."

"Penggunaan bioetanol penting dikembangkan karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar energi bersih. Dalam penelitian ini, campuran etanol-air dipisahkan dengan menggunakan proses adsorpsi karena umumnya kandungan etanol yang dihasilkan dari proses sintesis masih dapat ditemukan air. Metode pemisahan campuran etanol-air yang digunakan adalah adsorpsi karena sangat efektif dan juga murah. Tujuan dalam peneliatian ini adalah mengobservasi proses adsorpsi kontinyu campuran etanol-air fasa cair dengan adsorben silika gel. Proses observasi dilakukan dengan membuat model matematis dari adsorpsi, sehinga diperoleh hasil akhir kurva breakthrough dengan bantuan perhitungan Finite Difference Method (FDM) menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel. Pemodelan matematis adsorpsi disusun dengan menentukan neraca massa skala unggun dan pellet, serta kesetimbangan adsorpsi campuran etanol-air yang menggunakan persamaan isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir multi komponen. Pemodelan adsorpsi etanol-air pada unggun tetap telah dilakukan sebelumnya, namun masih belum dikembangkan untuk adsorpsi etanol-air dengan adsorben silika gel yang memasukan kedua komponen adsorbat kedalam sistem adsorpsi. Model disimulasikan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi laju alir umpan (5, 10, 20 ml/menit), konsentrasi awal air umpan (40%, 60%, 970% v/v) & konsentrasi awal etanol umpan (30%, 40%, 60% v/v), porositas unggun (0,1; 0,3; 0,5) serta tinggi unggun (0,2; 0,6; 1 m) terhadap profil kurva breakthrough yang dihasilkan. Dari pemodelan adsorpsi ini telah berhasil menghasilkan keterjalan kurva breakthrough yang sesuai dengan referensi percobaan yang menunjukkan laju alir meningkat seiring peningkatan laju alir umpan dan konsentrasi air pada umpan serta pengurangan tinggi unggun. Kurva tidak berubah secara signifikan pada variasi porositas unggun namun, berubah ketika variasi diiringi dengan variasi diameter partikel.

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The use of bioethanol is important to develop because it can be used as a clean energy fuel. In this study, the ethanol-water mixture was separated by using an adsorption process because generally the ethanol content produced from the synthesis process can still be found in water. The method of separating the ethanol-water mixture used is adsorption because it is very effective and also cheap. The aim of this research is to observe the continuous adsorption process of the liquid phase ethanol-water mixture with silica gel as adsorbent. The observation process is carried out by making a mathematical model of adsorption, so that the final result of the breakthrough curve is obtained with the help of Finite Difference Method (FDM) calculations using Microsoft Excel software. The modeling of ethanol-water adsorption in fixed beds has been carried out previously, but has not yet been developed for ethanol-water adsorption with silica gel as adsorbent that incorporates both components of the adsorbate into the adsorption system. Modeling of ethanol-water adsorption in fixed beds has been made in several studies whether using silica gel adsorbents or not, but still not developed for ethanol-water adsorption with silica gel adsorbents that include both adsorption components into the adsorption system. The model was simulated to determine the effect of variations in feed flow rate (5, 10, 20 ml/min), initial water feed concentration (40%, 60%, 970% v/v) & initial ethanol feed concentration (30%, 40%, 60% v/v), bed porosity (0,1; 0,3; 0,5) and bed height (0,2; 0,6; 1 m) to the resulting breakthrough curve profile. From this adsorption modeling has succeeded in producing a breakthrough curve that is in accordance with the experimental reference which shows the flow rate increases with the increase in the feed flow rate and water concentration in the feed as well as the reduction in bed height. The curve did not change significantly in the variation of bed porosity however, it did change when the variation was accompanied by a variation in particle diameter."

"This study develops, evaluates, and optimizes the potential of a novel "counter-diffusional?membrane biofilm reactor to biologically treat and remove trichloroethylene (TCE) from contaminatedsoil and groundwater caused by industrial activities (industrial solvent). The objectives of the researchare to investigate and evaluate design and operational factors reflecting the sustainability anddegradation rates of TCE transformation in a counter-diffusional membrane-attached methanotrophicbiofilm reactor systemAs a first step attaining this objective, an overall mass transfer coeficient of the bioreactor wasdeveloped a 23 laboratory experimental design have already conducted, and the development of amathematical model and computer simulation describing the concentration profile of substrates and TCEwithin the biofilm has been introducedA maximum sustainable TCE removal j7|o: of 205 Elmo!/m7/day was successfully attained when theCH,¢ utilization rate was 11.67 mmoles/m2/hr, the TCE loading rate was approximately 400 mol/m2/day.Normal probability plot and pareto chart indicated that methane partial pressure (P) and hydraulicReynolds 's numbers (Re) have important and significant positive effects on the TCE degradation rates.The average percentage of TCE removal eficiency falls between 78.6 and 94. 7%."

"ABSTRAK,br>Selama ini perhitungan tingkat kelelahan masih sulit dilakukan secara matematissehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan yang bisa mengatasi hal tersebut. Penelitian iniberusaha mengembangkan model perhitungan tingkat kelelahan dengan variabelindependen faktor-faktor biomekanika menggunakan metode regresi bergandapada kasus operator gardu tol. Model perhitungan yang dihasilkan dari penelitianini terbagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu model operator laki-laki dan perempuan.Model operator laki-laki yang dihasilkan memilki formula sebagai berikut Y =0.392*BMI + 3.913*MomentRshAbd + 2.812*MomentRightElbow +0.958*AngleTrunkFlexion + 0.303*AngleLshFwbk + 0.183*AngleRshFwbk +0.312*StrengthRightKnee ? 39.561 dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0.97.Sedangkan model operator perempuan yang dihasilkan memiliki formula Y =1.646 *AngleTrunkFlexion + 0.675*BMI + 3.172*AngleTrunkBend +8.519*MomentRightElbow + 0.569*AngleRshFwbk ? 108.834 dengan koefisiendeterminasi 0.967.

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ABSTRACTThis research focus on developing mathematical model formulation for measuringfatigue level based on biomechanics factors using multiple regression method. Ityields formulation for toll booth operators both for men and women. Based onresult, for men operators, the fatigue level can be estimated by this formula, Y =0.392*BMI + 3.913*MomentRshAbd + 2.812*MomentRightElbow +0.958*AngleTrunkFlexion + 0.303*AngleLshFwbk + 0.183*AngleRshFwbk +0.312*StrengthRightKnee ? 39.561 with coefficient of determination 0.97.Meanwhile, for women operators, the fatigue level can be estimated by thisformula, Y = 1.646 *AngleTrunkFlexion + 0.675*BMI + 3.172*AngleTrunkBend+ 8.519*MomentRightElbow + 0.569*AngleRshFwbk ? 108.834 with coefficientdetermination 0.967"