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"The key objective of this paper is to bring about the notion of "Marketable permits" into consideration in Indonesian academic and policy-level discourse on environmental issues. It shows how economics has cvolved in its mission to find a way around preserving the environment while ensuring economic activities. As an alternative to the more traditional yet widely adopted, "command-and-control" approach, economists have offered ti relatively new approach, namely "iradable marketable peemits". It is another from the "market approach, previously represented by the the "tax and/or subsidy" approach. This paper focuses on the marketable permits. In particular, it summarizes the recent development in the field with a hope to provide a fruitful alternative to help solve the problem in Indonesia. Nevertheless, some caveats are discussed."

"Usaha mikro merupakan skala usaha yang paling dominan di Indonesia dan pertumbuhannya menjadi faktor penting yang mendasari pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Dibalik perannya yang penting tersebeu, menurut berbagai hasil empiris di sejumlah negara berkembang, usaha mikro masih menghadapi beberapa hambatan yaitu akses keuangan dan akses pasar. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini membahas berusaha menyelidiki dua akses tersebut terhadap usaha mikro di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode analsis data panel dari Indonesia Family Life Survey. Hasil penelitian ini menyajikan bahwa usaha mikro yang mendapatkan pinjaman modal dari lembaga keuangan formal dan berada di wilayah dengan infrastruktur yang memadai memiliki kinerja usaha yang lebih baik.

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Micro enterprises are the most dominant business scale in Indonesia and its growth is the most important factor of national economic growth. Behind its important role, according to various empirical results in some developing countries, micro enterprises still face some difficulties in financial access and market access. Therefore, this study discusses those factors on micro enterprises performance in Indonesia using the data panel analysis method from the Indonesian Family Life Survey. The results of this study indicate micro enterprises that obtain capital loans from formal financial institutions and are located in a region with adequate infrastructure have a better business performance."