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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Pembinaan ekosistem hutan dilakukan antara lain melalui kegiatan pembangunan hutan tanaman di wilayah-wilayah kritis dan lahan kosong. Dengan membangun hutan tanaman pada lahan-lahan kritis diharapkan akan memberi dampak positip, baik terhadap makhluk hidup yang ada di dalam hutan maupun masyarakat di sekitarnya. Pembangunan hutan tanaman dilakukan antara lain dengan cara tanam banjarharian dan cara tanam tumpangsari dengan penanaman jenis-jenis pohon yang cepat tumbuh. Kegiatan pembangunan hutan tanaman cukup penting dibicarakan karena menyangkut banyak aspek, baik aspek ekologi, maupun aspek sosial ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pembentukan vegetasi hutan tanaman melalui penerapan cara tanam banjarharian dan cara tanam tumpangsari. Penelitian memakai rancangan percobaan faktorial. Perlakuan adalah semua kemungkinan kombinasi taraf dari beberapa faktor, yakni jenis akasia dalam cara tanam banjarharian, jenis akasia dalam cara tanam tumpangsari, jenis albisia dalam cara tanam banjarharian dan jenis albisia dalam cara tanam tumpangsari. Analisis data melalui analisis keragaman, analisis uji jarak berganda Duncan, analisis tabel kontingensi disertai analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan vegetasi hutan dalam cara tanam tumpangsari tumbuh lebih cepat daripada dalam cara tanam banjarharian. Jenis akasia tumbuh lebih cepat dibanding albisia. Penutupan tajuk tanaman dalam cara tanam tumpangsari lebih luas daripada dalam cara tanam banjarharian. Kerapatan tegakan menunjukkan kecenderungan menyusutnya jumlah batang perhektar pertahun sekitar 116 batang baik dalam cara tanam banjarharian maupun dalam cara tanam tumpangsari. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan bawah dan permudaan menunjukkan dalam cara tanam banjarharian jenis tanaman lebih beraneka dibanding dalam cara tanam tumpangsari. Kerapatan tumbuhan bawah dan permudaan menunjukkan tidak terdapat kerapatan individu yang menyolok antar kedua cara tanam. Jenis-jenis yang tumbuh dalam hal ini menunjukkan jenis-jenis yang mampu beradaptasi dengan lingkungan setempat. Jenis albisia terlihat tumbuh tertekan di lingkungan setempat dibanding jenis akasia. Untuk menghindari hutan rnonokultur melalui hanya menanami akasia yang sudah terlihat tumbuh baik, perlu mencari substitusi jenis albisia untuk pencampuran jenis dalam tegakan hutan. Jenis puspa yang gampang tumbuh di lingkungan setempat perlu dipertimbangkan dalam hal ini. Pemupukan yang dilakukan harus diupayakan secara baik terutama saat-saat awal penanaman di lapangan. Tumbuhan bawah dan permudaan yang didominasi oleh jenis-jenis pionir pada dasarnya meriipakan elemen penunjang terhadap fungsi hutan. Oleh karenanya tumbuhan bawah dan permudaan ini tidak perlu dibabat habis karena keberadaannya menyangkut peran fungsi hutan. Tumpangsari sangat berperan terhadap keberhasilan tanaman hutan, di samping itu akan pula memberi manfaat terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Dampak kegiatan tumpangsari terhadap masyarakat sekitar sementara ini belum terlihat nyata, karena pemanfaatan tenaga kerja masih mengambil dari daerah di luar kawasan hutan. Pemanfaatan produk kayu di wilayah ini boleh disebut belum optimal karena masih hanya memperuntukkan hasil kayu sebagai bahan baku pulp saja. Pengembangan pemanfaatan produk kayu perlu dievaluasi, karena hendaknya pembangunan hutan mencakup peran ekologis maupun ekonomis.

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ABSTRACT Forest ecosystems development has been done other through the plantation forest establishment in arid area and land bare. It is hope the plantation forest establishment gives positive impacts to the living organisms in the forest and the surroundings community. Plantation forest establishment has been done by the daily wage system (banjarharian system) and the taungya system (tumpangsari system) with fast growing species. This activity is necessary to be considered dealing with many aspects, ecological aspects or social economical aspects. This research aims to see vegetation growing of plantation forest through implementing daily wage system and taungya system. This research used factorial experimental design. The treatment was possibility of level combination from amount factor, acacia in daily wage system; acacia in taungya system; albisia in daily wage system and albisia in taungya system. Data analyzed by variance analysis, Duncan multiple range tests, contingency table completed by descriptive analysis. The result of the research indicated that the vegetation growing of plantation forest in taungya system was more rapidly than in daily wage system. The acacia grew faster than albisia. Forest canopy grew wider in taungya system than in daily wage system. Stand density decreased about 116 stems per year in both systems. The diversity ground flora (ground cover and regeneration plants) indicated that in daily wage system was more diverse than in taungya system. The density of ground flora indicated that in both system didn't show difference density. The species of ground flora that grown, indicated that they were the species of adaptable to the environment. The albizia growing was less suitable with the site condition compared with the acacia. It's needed more concern by the management to reevaluate this option of species. By supporting the combination species, to avoid monoculture forest it's necessary to consider puspa species that the species with the suitable ones. Fertilizing which done to avoid the loosing of nutrient should keep on undertaking. The ground flora was dominated by pioneer species, basically as the supporting element to forest function. Therefore the ground flora shouldn't clear-cut because their existence has big role in forest function. Taungya system has positive impact to succeed plant growing, beside that the system will give advantages to people surrounding the plantation forest. This condition has not been obviously shown because the manpower for this activity was recruited from other area. The utilization of main products of plantation forest in this area was not considered optimal since they were still for pulp and popper row material only. Therefore the development in utilizing the wood, products is need to be considered as well as efficiency, because the forest. Establishment should including ecological aspects and economical aspects.

Abstrak :
Acacia man glum V/illd, merupakan tanaman penghijauan dan tanaman yang kayunya mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggij yang dapat digunakan untuk bahan baku pembuatan kertas, perabot rumah tangga, kayu bakar dan arang= Dalam upaya untuk menin^atkan budidaya tanaman A. man glum serta menunjang keberhasilan dalam proses pembentukan bintil akar bagi penin^>?;atan pertumbuhan tanaman tersebutj maka telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh inokulasi bakteri Rhizobium sp. dengan berbagai tingkatan variasi kepekatan optik atau "Optical Density" sebesar 0,10; 0,20 dan 0,30 pada kecambah A. mangium terhadap pertumbuhan dan jumlah bintil akar tanaman, Basil Uji Beda Nyata dari Tukey pada taraf nyata o< =- 0,01 menunjukkan bahv;a inokulasi bakteri Rhizobium sp, dengan berbagai tin^atan variasi kepekatan optik berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (Tinggi, berat basah dan berat kering) pada umur 2 dan 3 bulan dan terhadap pembentukan bintil akar pada umur 3 bulan, Inokulasi bakteri dengan OD sebesar 0,10; 0,20. dan 0,30 tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata antara ketiga perlakuan tersebut, tetapi menunjukkan pengaruh nyata jika dibandingkan terhadap kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahv^a inokulasi bakteri dengan OD sebesar 0,10 optimum untuk pertumbuhan tanaman 4* tnangium sampai dengan umur 3 bulan«

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian mengenai transformasi gen xiloglukanase pada A. mangium telah dilakukan oleh Hartati dkk pada tahun 2011, menghasilkan A. mangium transgenik yang mengoverekspresikan gen tersebut, sehingga pertumbuhan menjadi lebih cepat. Tanaman A. magium transgenik terus dipelihara dan disubkultur hingga saat ini. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menguji stabilitas gen xiloglukanase pada A. mangium transgenik hasil perbanyakan in vitro. Penelitian terdiri atas dua bagian,yaitu analisis molekular dan morfologi. Hasil analisis molekular menunjukkan bahwa dari seluruh sampel yang digunakan, dua galur A. mangium transgenik, X11 dan X21, yang telah disubkultur beberapa kali menunjukkan keberadaan gen xiloglukanase. Hasil pengamatan morfologi tidak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan dalam hal tinggi dan diameter planlet, hal tersebut mungkin karena kultur yang digunakan mengalami kemunduran fisiologis.

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ABSTRACT
The study of xyloclucanase gene transformation in A. mangium was carried out by Hartati et al in 2011, yiedling a transgenic A. mangium that overexpressing the xyloglucanase gene, so the plants can grow more faster. The transgenic A. mangium is maintaned and subcultured continously. Therefore, the aim of study was to test the stability of xyloglucanase gene on transgenic A. mangium as a result of in Vitro propagation. Molecular and morphological approach were used in this research. The result showed that all of samples used, wild type A. mangium K , two line of transgenic A. mangium, X11 and X21 positively had xyloglucanase gene after the recurring subculture. The result of morphological observation did not show any alteration, because the culture used in the research undergo a physiological deterioration.

Abstrak :
Due to critical environmental issues, increasing future energy supplies and decreasing reserved energy resources are currently the subject of comprehensive research. The use of biomass as a renewable energy resource may be helpful in solving current energy shortfalls, particularly for countries that have abundant biomass resources. In this study, pyrolysis of coal, Acacia Mangium wood, and their respective blend samples were investigated using proximate analysis and Thermogravimetric (TG?DTG). A mixture of coal and A. Mangium wood with a weight ratio 100:0, 90:10, 50:50, 10:90, and 0:100, were used and non-isothermal conditions at a constant heating rate of 5, 15, and 30°C/min were applied. Thermal evolution profile analysis of the pyrolysis process confirms that the reactivity of the fuel increased with the increasing proportion of the biomass in the fuel. The reactivity and maximum temperatures increased with the increasing heating rates. Proximate analysis showed the potential of biomass of A. Mangium wood to be used as a mixture with coal in terms of low ash and high volatile matter content.

Abstrak :
Due to critical environmental issues, increasing future energy supplies and decreasing reserved energy resources are currently the subject of comprehensive research. The use of biomass as a renewable energy resource may be helpful in solving current energy shortfalls, particularly for countries that have abundant biomass resources. In this study, pyrolysis of coal, Acacia Mangium wood, and their respective blend samples were investigated using proximate analysis and Thermogravimetric (TG–DTG). A mixture of coal and A. Mangium wood with a weight ratio 100:0, 90:10, 50:50, 10:90, and 0:100, were used and non-isothermal conditions at a constant heating rate of 5, 15, and 30°C/min were applied. Thermal evolution profile analysis of the pyrolysis process confirms that the reactivity of the fuel increased with the increasing proportion of the biomass in the fuel. The reactivity and maximum temperatures increased with the increasing heating rates. Proximate analysis showed the potential of biomass of A. Mangium wood to be used as a mixture with coal in terms of low ash and high volatile matter content.

Abstrak :
Kandungan ion logam Timbal dalam air cenderung sangat rendah sehingga proses analisisnya memerlukan teknik prakonsentrasi menggunakan resin penukar ion. Penggunaan resin penukar ion dalam teknik prakonsentrasi memiliki kelebihan, diantaranya faktor kehilangan analit dapat diminimalkan dan jumlah resin yang digunakan sedikit dan ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini, ekstrak tanin daun Akasia Mangium digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan resin penukar ion. Reaksi polimerisasi ekstrak tanin dengan penambahan H2SO4 pekat dilakukan agar resin tidak mudah larut dalam air. Hasil polimerisasi ekstrak tanin PET dikarakterisasi secara kualitatif menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infra Red FTIR dan kuantitatif dengan pengukuran Total Karbon Organik TOC . Untuk mengetahui kemampuannya sebagai resin penukar ion, PET diuji dengan parameter adsorpsi, pola isoterm adsorpsi, dan validasi metode analisis. Kapasitas adsorpsi optimum resin PET diperoleh sebesar 5,261 mg/g pada pH 7 dan waktu kontak 120 menit, sedangkan parameter retensi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi eluen HNO3 2 M dengan volume 5 mL. Isoterm adsorpsi yang sesuai untuk resin PET mengikuti isoterm Freundlich dengan nilai regresi 0,9919. Berdasarkan uji validasi metode analisis diperoleh nilai kebolehulangan dengan RSD sebesar 0,97 , linearitas R2 0,9986 pada rentang 0,25-100 ppm, sensitivitas sebesar 0,067 ppm, batas deteksi Limit of Detection/LOD sebesar 0,019 ppm dan recovery sebesar 102,3 -110,91 . Hasil uji sampel menunjukan kadar Timbal di sungai Ciliwung sebesar 105-267 ppb.

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The heavy metal ions contained in water tend to be so low that the analysis process requires preconcentration techniques using ion exchange resins. The use of ion exchange resins in preconcentration techniques has advantages, such as factors for loss of analyte can be minimized and the amount of resin used is small and environmentally friendly. In this study, Acacia Mangium leaf tannin extract was used as the raw material for ion exchange resin production. The polymerization reaction of tannin extract with the addition of concentrated H2SO4 is done so that the resin is not easily soluble in water. Results from polymerization of tannin extract PET were characterized qualitatively using Fourier Transform Infra Red FTIR and quantitative spectroscopy with Total Organic Carbon TOC measurements. To find out its ability as ion exchange resin, PET was tested with adsorption parameters, adsorption isotherm patterns, and validation of analytical methods. The optimum adsorption capacity of PET resin was obtained at 5,261 mg g at pH 7 and contact time of 120 min, while the optimum retention parameter was obtained at eluent concentration of HNO3 2 M in 5 mL of volume. The adsorption isotherms suitable for PET resins that follow Freundlich isotherms with a regression value of 0.9919. Based on the validation test of the analysis method, the value of repeatability with RSD is 0.97 , the linearity of R2 0.9986 in the range of 0.25 100 ppm, the sensitivity of 0.067 ppm, the limit of detection Limit of Detection LOD of 0.019 ppm and the recovery of 102.3 110.91 . The result of the sample test shows that the Lead level in Ciliwung River is 105 267 ppb.

Abstrak :
Natural mortality of trees is extremely variable due to the uncertainty and complexity of the functioning of forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to develop a stand-level mortality model for Acacia mangium species by relating mortality to stand variables that affect the natural mortality process. The model was developed using data from l97 permanent sample plots measured periodically at 1-yr time intervals from 2-4 years until 8-11 years after planting in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The model consists of two complementary equations. The first equation is a logistic function predicting the probability of mortality incidence depending on stand density, site index and stand age. The second equation estimates the reduction in the number of surviving stems observed in a stand where natural mortality occurs. Nine equations were fitted using data from permanent sample plots where trees died over the time period and the best model was selected. Estimates from this second model were then adjusted by a factor equal to the probability of mortality applying three different approaches: probabilistic two-step, deterministic threshold and stochastic. All methods revealed no significant difference between the observed and the predicted number of surviving stems per ha. The probabilistic two-step approach, however, produced more consistent and the most accurate estimates. This method should provide reliable prediction when it is to be used in forest productivity prediction and management system for the species.

Abstrak :
Heart rot on acacia mangium willd. forest stand is critical espicially for mechanical or construction wood based purposes. Failure on understanding the nature and the way it get estabilished into the tree stem may cause high economic consequences....