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"Tujuan : Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar vitamin C plasma dengan kadar MDA plasma berdasarkan gradasi merokokTempat : PT. NATIONAL GOBEL - Cimanggis - Jawa Barat.Metodologi : Studi korelasi, pada 108 orang laki-laki berusia 20 - 55 tahun, perokok dan bukan perokok, yang terpilih secara simple random sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data umnm, kebiasaan mcrokok, konsumsi suplemen vitamin C, asupan makanan serta kadar vitamin C plasma dan MDA plasma.Hasil : Kebiasaan merokok terdapat pada 45.4% subyek penelitian. Berdasarkan Indeks Brinkman, 37,1% termasuk perokok ringan, 8,3% perokok sedang dan tidak didapatkan perokok berat. Nilai median kadar vitamin C plasma 0.51( ,04 - 1.36 ) mg/dl dan nilai median kadar MDA plasma 0,63 ( 0,22 - 4,74 ) nmol/ml. Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara asupan energi, protein, serat, merokok dan konsumsi suplemen vitamin C dengan kadar vitamin C plasma serta hubungan bermakna antara konsumsi suplemen vitamin C dengan kadar MDA plasma. Didapatkan korelasi negatif antara kadar vitamin C plasma dengan kadar MDA plasma pada bukan perokok, perokok ringan dan perokok sedang namun korelasi tersebut tidak bermakna ( r-0,014; p=0,916; r--0,170; p=0,295; 1=a-0,317; Korelasi negatif, kuat dan bermakna antara kadar vitamin C plasma dengan kadar MDA plasma didapatkan pada perokok yang mengkonsumsi suplemen vitamin C (r=-0,943; p = 0,005 ).Kesimpulan : Didapatkan korelasi negatif antara kadar vitamin C plasma dengan kadar MDA plasma berdasarkan gradasi merokok, namun korelasi tersebut tidak bermakna. Walaupun tidak bermakna, ada kecenderungan korelasi semakin menguat sesuai peningkatan gradasi merokok. Korelasi negatif, kuat dan bermakna antara kadar vitamin C plasma dengan kadar MDA plasma didapatkan pada perokok yang mengkonsumsi suplemen vitamin C.

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Objective: To identify the correlation between plasma level of vitamin C and plasma level of MDA based on smoking gradation.

Place : PT. National Gabel - Cimanggis - Bogor.

Methods : The simple random sampling was used for correlation study of 108 subjects, smokers and non smokers, age between 20 - 55 years. Data collections including: general data, smoking habit, consumption of vitamin C supplement, food intake and plasma level of vitamin C and MDA.

Result : The smokers found a total of 45.4% of the subjects. Using Brinkman's index, the gradation of light smokers were 37.1%, moderate smokers were 82% and there was no heavy smoker. Median value of vitamin C level in plasma was 0.51(0.04 - 1.36) mg/dl and for MDA level in plasma was 0.63 (0.22 -- 4,74) nmol/ml. Significant relationship was found between energy intake, protein, fiber, smoking habit and consumption of vitamin C supplement with plasma level of vitamin C. Significant relationship was found between consumption of vitamin C supplement with plasma level of MDA. Negative correlation was found between plasma level of vitamin C with plasma level of MDA of non smokers, light smokers and moderate smokers but not significant ( r -0.014, p=0.15; r=-0.170, p:'J.295; r=-0.317,p=0406). Smokers who consumed vitamin C supplement was found a negative, strong and significant correlation between plasma level of vitamin C and plasma level of' MDA( r = - 0.943, p = 0.005 ).

Conclusion : Negative correlation was found between plasma level of vitamin C and plasma level of MDA based on smoking gradation, but not significant. Although not significant, there was a tendency of stronger correlation if smoking gradation increase. Smokers who consumed vitamin C supplement was found a negative, strong and significant correlation between plasma level of vitamin C and plasma level of MDA."

"Partikulat merupakan partikel yang mengandung padatan mikroskopis atau tetesan cairan yang sangat kecil sehingga dapat terhirup. PM2,5 , partikel debu yang sangat ringan dan berdiameter ukuran < 2,5 µm dan mampu menembus hingga ke alveolus bahkan dapat melewati penghalang pernapasan dan memasuki sistem peredaran darah, sehingga dapat menyebar ke seluruh tubuh (Feng et al.2016). Malondialdehyde (MDA) merupakan biomarker dari oxidative stress yang dapat terjadi di tubuh. (Grotto et al, 2006). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian oxidative stress melalui pengukuran MDA dalam urin akibat pajanan PM2,5. Metode penelitian ini mengunakan desain cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan stratified random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII sekolah menengah pertama yaitu 68 responden. Pengukuran PM2,5 menggunakan alat HAZ-DUST Epam 5000 dan pemeriksaan kadar MDA dalam urin menggunakan TBARs. Selain itu, dilakukan pemeriksaan kreatinin urin sebagai pembanding kadar MDA.Variabel lain yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin, status merokok, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi suplemen diukur melalui kuesioner sebagai faktor konfounding (perancu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar MDA dalam urin pada siswa kelas VIII adalah 32,26 µmol/g kreatinin dan konsentrasi PM2,5 di seluruh area kelas sebesar 29,31 µg/m3. Dalam penelitian ini yang dianalisis lebih lanjut adalah nilai rata-rata lingkungan kelas (gerbang, lapangan, koridor dan kelas) yang telah di ubah dengan Log 10. Berdasarkan uji statistik, PM2,5 tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kadar MDA urin setelah dikontrol dengan jenis kelamin, status merokok, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi suplemen (p.value=0,573). Disarankan untuk mengukur biomarker oxidative stress lainnya yang mungkin berperan penting dalam pajanan PM2,5.

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Particulates Matters 2.5 (PM2.5) are particles contain microscopic solids or liquid droplets which able to be inhaled. PM2.5 is very light dust particle with diameter <2.5 ?m and able to penetrate to the alveolus and even pass through the respiratory barrier, and enter the circulatory system, which can spread throughout the body (Feng et al.2006). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of biomarker of oxidative stress in human. MDA is one of the lipid peroxide products which toxic to cells and can be influenced by any agents from environment. The aim of the study is to analyze the concentration of urinary MDA in junior high school students related to PM2.5 exposure.

Research has been doned by cross sectional design with systematic random sampling method. The respondents are 68 students of VIII grade junior high school. PM2.5 is measured by using HAZ-DUST Epam 5000 and urinary MDA levels using TBARs (Spectrophotometry) from some area in the school and MDA is measured by TBARs method from student's urine and controlled by examine the urine creatinine. Other variables like age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and consumption of supplements have been asking by questionnaires as the confounding factors.

The results showed that average of MDA levels in urine were 32.26 ?mol/g creatinine and the average concentration of PM2.5 in all classroom areas were 29.31 ?g/m3. We also analyzed the average levels of PM2.5 in gate, sport field, corridor and classrooms, which has been transformed with Log 10. Based on statistical test, PM2.5 did not show any significant association between concentration of urinary MDA levels after being controlled by sex, smoking status, physical activity, and supplements (p.value=0.573). For further research, it may be interesting to explore other oxidative stress biomarker that may be play important role in the exposure of PM2.5."

"Indonesia merupakan pemain besar dalam industri sepatu di dunia, yaitu terbesar kelima setelah Cina, India, Vietnam dan Brasil. Perakitan sepatu menggunakan perekat atau lem yang mengandung senyawa organik volatil (diantaranya benzena, toluen, dan xylen)dengan kandungan benzena di dalam lem diketahui mencapai 2%. Benzena dapat masuk secara tidak sempurna dengan cepat ke tubuh manusia dan hewan melalui pajanan. pernafasanpajanan benzena pada manusia terbukti berhubungan dengan berbagai penyakit akut dan parah termasuk kanker dan anemia aplastik. Selain itu benzena dan metabolitnya juga terbukti dalam peningkatan stres oksidatif yang terlihat dari peningkatan malondialdehid (MDA) dan penurunan antioksidan dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi konsentrasi benzena di udara tempat kerja dan hubungan antara benzena di dalam tubuh melalui pengukuran biomarker SPhenylmercapturic Acid (S-PMA) terhadap stres oksidatif melalui pengukuran kadar plasma MDA pekerja bengkel sandal/sepatu. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi crosssectional pada sepuluh bengkel sandal/sepatu di Desa Sukajaya, Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor pada Maret-Mei 2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 64 pekerja diambil dengan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata konsentrasi benzena di udara empat kerja masih dibawah NAB yang ditentukan oleh Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. 13 Tahun 2011 yaitu 0,002066 ppm dan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi S-PMA dalam urin terhadap kadar MDA plasma darah. Sementara itu ada hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel kebiasaan olahraga terhadap kadar MDA plasma darah namun tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel konsentrasi status merokok, konsumsi kopi, dan IMT pekerja dengan kadar MDA plasma darah pekerja. Konsentrasi benzena masih dalam batas aman namun tetap harus diminimalisasi karena benzena merupakan zat karsinogenik yang dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh sehingga diperlukan pencegahan seperti perbaikan ventilasi,pengaturan jam kerja, dan pelarangan merokok saat bekerja.

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Indonesia is the fifth largest country with shoe industri in the world, the biggest after China, India, Vietnam and Brazil. Shoe assembly using adhesives or glue that contain volatile organic compounds (such as benzene, toluene and xylen) with benzene content in the glue is known to reach 2%. Benzene can enter imperfectly rapidly into the human body and animals through inhalation exposure, human benzene exposure is shown to be associated with various acute and severe diseases including cancer and aplastic anemia. In addition, benzene and its metabolites are also proven in increased oxidative stress seen from increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased antioxidants in the body.

This study aims to identify benzene concentrations in the air of the workplace and the relationship between benzene in the body through measurement of S-Phenylmercapturic Acid (S-PMA) biomarkers against oxidative stress through measurement of MDA plasma level of sandal / shoe workers.

This study used cross-sectional study on ten shoe workshops in Desa Sukajaya , Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor from March to May 2018. The number of samples as much as 64 workers taken by total sampling method.

The results showed an average concentration of benzene in the air of the workplace is still under the treshold value which determined by Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. 13 Year 2011 (0.002066 ppm) and there are no significant relationship between concentrations of S-PMA in urine against the levels of MDA blood plasma. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship between exercise habit variables against blood plasma MDA level but no significant relationship between variable length of work, smoking status, coffee consumption, and BMI of workers againist blood plasma MDA levels of workers.The concentration of benzene is still below the treshold limit but should be minimized because benzene is a carcinogenic substance that can accumulate in the body so that the preventive action such as improvement of ventilation, regulation of working hours, and a prohibition on smoking at work should be applied."

"Adaptation mechanism to hypoxia in living organisms increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation that could exceed the capacity of anti oxidant. Gluthatione (GSH) in which highest concentration present in liver, plays an important role in maintaining the intracellular redox equilibrium and protect tissues from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to observe tissue response of rat that was exposed to chronic systemic hypoxia by analyzing the oxidative stress in liver tissue. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by chronic systemic hypoxia by kept them in hypoxic chamber (10% O2:90% N2) for 1, 3, 7 and 14 day(s). All rats were sacrificed with ether anesthesia after hypoxia treatment. Liver tissues were analyzed using parameters of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) with tBARS test, and endogenous antioxidant, glutathione reduced form (GSH). The study showed that chronic systemic hypoxia induction caused oxidative stress in liver tissue, which was shown by increased concentration of MDA in liver tissue (nmol/mg liver tissue). Concentration of MDA in liver tissue was increased significantly on day-1, day-3, day-7 and day-14 compared to control group (ANOVA, LSD, p<0.05). The differences between day-3, day-7 and day-14 was not significant. In contrast, liver GSH content (μg/mg liver protein) was progressively decreased significantly since day-1 of hypoxia until the end of experiment (ANOVA, LSD, p<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that there is a strong correlation between MDA and GSH concentration in liver tissue (Pearson = - 0.993). It was concluded that oxidative stress present in liver tissue of rat induced by chronic systemic hypoxia."

"Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia akibat gangguan produksi atau fungsi insulin. Stres oksidatif berperan dalam komplikasi diabetes melalui peningkatan radikal bebas dan penurunan kapasitas antioksidan. Acalypha indica, tanaman herbal kaya fenolik dan flavonoid, memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan yang dapat mengurangi stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek ekstrak etanol akar Acalypha indica terhadap kadar malondialdehida (MDA) dan glutathione (GSH) pada tikus diabetes yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak dan fruktosa (DTFK). Lima kelompok tikus Sprague-Dawley digunakan: kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (pioglitazone), dan dua kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak Acalypha indica 250 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB). Serum darah dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 530 nm (MDA) dan 412 nm (GSH). Hasil menunjukkan dosis 250 mg/kgBB meningkatkan MDA, sementara 400 mg/kgBB menurunkannya tanpa signifikansi statistik. Peningkatan GSH lebih tinggi pada dosis 250 mg/kgBB dibandingkan 400 mg/kgBB, namun juga tidak signifikan. Sebagai kesimpulan, Acalypha indica memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan eksogen untuk mengatur kadar MDA dan GSH pada diabetes, namun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menentukan dosis dan durasi optimal guna menghindari efek prooksidan.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease marked by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin function. Oxidative stress worsens diabetes complications by increasing free radicals and reducing antioxidant capacity. Acalypha indica, rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, shows potential as an antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress. This study assessed the effects of Acalypha indica root ethanol extract on malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in diabetic rats induced with a high-fat and high-fructose diet (DTFK). Five groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were used: normal, negative control, positive control (pioglitazone), and treatment groups with Acalypha indica extract (250 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW). Serum samples were analyzed using a spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 530 nm (MDA) and 412 nm (GSH). The results showed that the 250 mg/kgBW dose increased MDA levels, while the 400 mg/kgBW dose reduced MDA levels, although the changes were not statistically significant. GSH levels increased more with the 250 mg/kgBW dose compared to 400 mg/kgBW, but this increase was also not significant. In conclusion, Acalypha indica shows potential as an exogenous antioxidant for regulating MDA and GSH levels in diabetes. Further studies are needed to refine dosing and minimize pro-oxidant risks."

"Latar Belakang: Sindrom Metabolik (MetS) merupakan salah satu isu kesehatan terbesar di seluruh dunia dikarenakan merupakan faktor risiko untuk terjadinya masalah kardiovaskular. Hingga saat ini, pengobatan untuk MetS memerlukan beberapa obat yang digunakan secara simultan. Salah satu ciri khas dari penyakit sindrom metabolik adalah stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif diketahui dapat merusak dan merupakan prekusor dari penyakit kardiovaskular. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah 6-Gingerol memiliki efek terhadap stres oksidatif pada jantung. Metode: Tikus jantan Sprague-Dawley yang dikelompokan menjadi 5 kelompok, yakni normal, sindrom metabolik (MetS), MetS dengan dosis 50, 100, dan 200 mg/kgBB 6-Gingerol. Tikus diinduksi sindrom metabolik menggunakan diet tinggi fruktosa/lemak dan diberikan 1 Dosis streptozotocin (22mg/kg) pada minggu Ke-8. Kemudian diberikan 6-Gingerol secara oral selama 8 minggu. Stres oksidatif diukur dari kadar Malondialdehida (MDA) dan Glutation Peroksidase (GPx) pada jaringan jantung tikus. Pengukuran MDA menggunakan spektrofotrometri dan GPx dengan kit Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA. Hasil: Hasil menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada pengukuran GPx kelompok MetS + 200 mg/kgBB dibandingkan dengan kelompok MetS (p = 0,01). Sedangkan pengukuran MDA tidak dapat perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok. Kesimpulan: 6-Gingerol dapat meningkatkan ekspresi GPx pada jantung tikus model sindrom metabolik, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap ekspresi MDA.

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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health issue worldwide, as it is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. As of now, the treatment for metabolic syndrome requires several medications used simultaneously. One of the common characteristics of metabolic syndrome is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is known to cause damage to various organs and systems, so this research aims to determine whether 6-Gingerol has an effect on oxidative stress in the heart. Method: This research involved male Sprague- Dawley rats that were divided into 5 groups: normal, metabolic syndrome (MetS), MetS + 6-Gingerol 50 mg/kgBB, MetS + 6-Gingerol 100 mg/kgBB, and MetS + 6-Gingerol 200 mg/kgBB. Metabolic syndrome was induced by a high-fructose fat diet for 8 weeks and a single dose of streptozotocin (22mg/kg) in the 8th week. 6-Gingerol was given orally for the next 8 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione Peroxide (GPx) levels are used to measure oxidative stress. MDA levels were measured using spectrophotometry and GPX with an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA kit. Results: The results showed a significant difference in GPx levels in the MetS + 200 mg/kgBB group compared to the MetS group (p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in MDA levels between the groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that 6-Gingerol can increase the expression of GPx in the heart of a metabolic syndrome model, but it does not affect the expression of MDA."