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"Paper ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja keuangan dan kinerja produksi bank swasta dan bank asing periode 1991 hingga 2003. Kinerja keuangan diukurdengan metode CAEL. CAEL adalah bagian dari CAMELS yang merupakan alat ukur kinerja perbankan dl Indonesia. Sedangkan, kinerja produksi diukur dengan model Data Envelopment Analysrs(DE A) Malmquist. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan bank asing lebin balk dibandingkan bank swasta. Bank umum di Indonesia rata-rata per tahun mengalami penurunan produkivitas sebesar 2 % untuk periode 1991 hingga 2003. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kinerja keuangan dan kinerja produksi."

"Sufficiently clean water is accessible in Indonesia, where municipally-owned cooperation (BUMD) handles the management of the PDAM. It allows local governments authority over water management in their administrative districts. This organization is responsible for maintaining the region's water supply while earning income from water business operations. However, this effort is not deemed effective since having many PDAMs results in inadequate water quality, low water distribution, and even financial losses. However, the assumption lacks factual evidence as they are not assessed alongside the government audit. To analyze the inefficiencies of water supply services and the productivity growth of PDAMs from 2012 to 2016, this research proposes to use a non-parametric technique, namely data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Index Calculation, respectively. The research findings reveal significant inefficiencies among PDAM from various regions in Indonesia. It was found that PDAMs outside Java performed better than those in Java; thus, PDAMs need policy intervention. The operations of larger municipal PDAMs should be restructured to increase productivity. There was no TFP growth (TFPCH) in PDAMs, evidenced by the reduction in pure technical (TECH) and scale efficiency change (SECH). In addition, the positive technological adjustment (TECCH) did not significantly improve efficiency. Regarding the increase in the number of PDAMs resulting from technological improvement, productivity was primarily due to technological advancement."

"Air bersih di Indonesia dapat diakses melalui pelayanan yang disediakan oleh Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD) bernama PDAM (Perusahaan Air Minum Daerah). Hal ini memungkinkan pemerintah daerah untuk ikut andil dalam pengelolaan air di daerah administratifnya masing-masing. PDAM bertanggung jawab untuk menjaga pasokan air di daerah dan menghasilkan pendapatan dari bisnis air bersih tersebut. Namun penyediaan air bersih masih belum efektif sehingga menyebabkan kualitas air yang tidak memadai, distribusi air yang rendah, bahkan kerugian finansial. Untuk mengukur dan menganalisa inefisiensi pelayanan air minum dan pertumbuhan produktivitas PDAM dari tahun 2012-2016, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik non-parametrik, yaitu Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dan Malmquist Index Calculation untuk mengukur produktivitas setiap PDAM di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat inefisiensi yang signifikan di antara PDAM dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Ditemukan bahwa PDAM di luar Jawa berkinerja lebih baik daripada di Jawa; Oleh karena itu, PDAM membutuhkan intervensi kebijakan. Operasional PDAM di kota besar harus direstrukturisasi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Selain itu, penyesuaian teknologi (TECCH) tidak secara signifikan meningkatkan efisiensi. Namun, peningkatan produktivitas sebagian besar disebabkan oleh kemajuan teknologi

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Sufficiently clean water is accessible in Indonesia where municipally-owned cooperation (BUMD) handles the management of the PDAM. It allows local governments authority over water management in their administrative districts. This organization is responsible for maintaining the region's water supply while earning income from water business operations. However, this effort is not deemed effective since having a large number of PDAMs results in inadequate water quality, low water distribution, and even financial losses. However, the assumption lack factual evidence as they are not assessed alongside the government audit. In order to analyze the inefficiencies of water supply services and the productivity growth of PDAMs from 2012-2016, this research proposes to use a non-parametric technique, namely data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Index Calculation, respectively. The research findings reveal that there were significant inefficiencies among PDAM from various regions in Indonesia. It was found that PDAMs outside Java performed better than those in Java; thus, PDAM needs policy intervention. The operations of larger municipal PDAMs should be restructured to increase productivity. There was no TFP growth (TFPCH) in PDAMs evidenced by the reduction in pure technical (TECH) and scale efficiency change (SECH). In addition, the positive technological adjustment (TECCH) did not significantly improve efficiency. Regarding the increase in the number of PDAMs resulting from technological improvement, the increase in productivity was largely due to technological advancement.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari variabel-variabel yang mewakili determinan spesifik bank (asset size, capital adequacy, asset quality, credit risk, deposit dan non-interest income) dan makroekonomi (economic activity, inflation, dan interest rate) terhadap profitabilitas (return on asset dan return on equity) dan produktivitas (Malmquist index) pada bank umum yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2008-2012. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan regresi data panel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk pengukuran dengan return on asset, determinan profitabilitas yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas adalah asset size, credit risk, non-interest income, dan economic activity. Pada pengukuran dengan return on equity, determinan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas adalah asset size, credit risk, dan economic activity. Sedangkan pada pengukuran dengan Malmquist index, determinan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas adalah deposit, non-interest income, economic activity, inflation, dan interest rate.

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This research aims to analyze the effect of variables that representing bank-specific determinants (asset size, capital adequacy, asset quality, credit risk, deposit and non-interest income) and macro economy (economic activity, inflation, and interest rate) towards profitability (return on asset and return on equity) and productivity (Malmquist index) of commercial bank listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008-2012. This research is a quantitative research and utilizes panel regression method in the process.

The results indicates that for return on asset measures, determinants that have significant effect towards profitability were asset size, credit risk, non-interest income, and economic activity. Return on equity measurement shows that determinants that have significant effect towards profitability were asset size, credit risk, and economic activity. Whereas on Malmquist index measurement, determinants that have significant effect towards productivity were deposit, non-interest income, economic activity, inflation, and interest rate."