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"Tulisan ini membahas pengalaman Radio Elshinta di Jakarta dalam mengembangkan jurnalisme berdasarkan inisiatif masyarakat jauh sebelum topik citizen journalism/jurnalisme warga muncul sebagai bahan riset dunia akademisi. Elshinta memiliki 100.000 pendengar yang setia menyumbangkan berita sejak tahun 2000. Studi ini membandingkan pengalaman Elshinta dengan situs jurnalisme warga populer di Korea Selatan Ohmynews dan mencoba mengidentifikasi katalis jurnalisme warga di kedua negara tersebut. Studi kasus ini dilengkapi wawancara dengan wartawan dari Ohmynews dan Elshinta.Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa dengan penetrasi internet di Indonesia rendah, budaya lisan kuat di Indonesia, dan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, kesuksesan Elshinta dalam melibatkan pendengarnya dalam berita dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor sebagai berikut: (a) dominannya budaya lisan (b) rendahnya tingkat baca sehingga ada ketergantungan tinggi terhadap radio sebagai sumber informasi dan hiburan, (c) popularitas telepon seluler sebagai alat komunikasi. Meski demikian, televisi dan media cetak di Indonesia agak enggan menerapkan jurnalisme warga dengan alasan (a): ketakutan kehilangan reputasi sebagai institusi media yang kredibel dan juga kehilangan kepercayaan dari pemasang iklan, dan (b) konflik antara berita yang tidak teredit dari warga dengan kode etik jurnalistik dan Undang Undang Pers. Kendala yang lain untuk mengembangkan jurnalisme warga di media yang mainstream adalah rendahnya pemakaian handycam oleh para amatir, lambatnya akses internet, rendahnya kemampuan menulis dan kurangnya interaktivitas dari situs internet di Indonesia.

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This paper examines the experience of Radio Elshinta in Jakarta with people-initiated journalism long before the descriptor "citizen journalism" emerged as a topic of research in academic level. Elshinta has 100,000 listeners, most with no formal training in journalism, contributing to its news broadcast since 2000. This study compares Elshinta's experience with a popular online citizen media portal Ohmynews in South Korea and attempts to identify the catalysts of ?citizen journalism? in the two countries. The case study is complemented by interviews with journalists from Ohmynews and Elshinta.The study concludes that despite the low penetration of internet in Indonesia, the predominantly oral culture and low level of education, the main factors for Elshinta?s productive engagement with its listeners are (a) the predominantly oral culture in Indonesia; (b) low literacy, thus they rely on radio as the primary source of information and entertainment; and (c) the popularity of mobile phones for interpersonal communication. However, Indonesian television and printed media have been slow in catching up with people-initiated journalism because of: (a) fear over losing its reputation as credible media organizations, and thus commercial trust; and (b) conflict between unedited reports by untrained reporters with the professional code of ethics and Press Law. Other obstacles in broadering people-initiated journalism in Indonesian mainstream media are the slow uptake of amateur handy-cam images by TV stations, slow internet access, lack of writing skills, and lack of interactivity in existing online news sites."

"ABSTRAKMedia jurnalis telah mengalami perubahan yang drastis akan perkembangan teknologi yang pesat. Informasi berita tidak lagi hanya disebarkan melewati media korporasi yang besar, adapun media alternatif yang dapat memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat yang luas. Pada jaman ini, konsumen berita bisa menjadi produsen, dengan kredibilitas yang dipercaya oleh publik. Dalam lingkungan media ini, adapun kesulitan untuk membedakan kedua sumber berita yang lebih berfungsi untuk digunakan konsumen. Karya ilmiah ini bermaksud untuk menjabarkan unsur-unsur yang telah membuat jurnalis independen sebagai sumber yang populer dibanding dengan media-media berita yang sudah ternama.

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ABSTRACTThe nature of Journalism has dramatically changed following the growth of technological advances. Information is spread through sources that are not necessarily originated in the mainstream sphere of journalism. News consumers are now producers, with potential credibility that to some extent has been a primary consumption of news resource for the public. A blur has thus been created to distinguish between these two main resources. This paper indicates the factors that has made independent journalists a popular source as an alternative to mainstream media. "

"Tesis ini membahas Perang Informasi Media Massa Mainstream Eropa dengan studi kasus konflik Ukraina-Rusia tahun 2013-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan sumber data dari hasil analisa artikel, wawancara ahli media dan perang informasi dan data statistik yang diambil dari situs-situs resmi. Analisa penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori hegemoni, teori agenda setting dan teori sekuritisasi. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media massa mainstream di Eropa saat terjadinya konflik Ukraina-Rusia terlibat dalam perang informasi. Metode perang informasi yang digunakan media Belanda, Perancis, Jerman, Inggris, Georgia adalah ofensif karena konten artikel menyerang Rusia. Ukraina dan Rusia yang terlibat konflik langsung menggunakan metode ofensif dan defensif bertahan . Belarus menggunakan metode ofensif karena informasinya menyudutkan negara-negara Eropa yang menyerang Rusia. Perang Ukraina-Rusia bertransformasi menjadi perang informasi karena dipengaruhi kepentingan politik dan bisnis. Strategi yang digunakan diantaranya propaganda dan manipulasi informasi.

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This thesis elaborates the Information Warfare on Europe's Mainstream Mass Media Case Study Ukraine Russia Conflict year 2013 2017. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods with sources of data from the articles analysis, experts interviews and statistical data taken from the official websites. The research analysis is using hegemonic theory, agenda setting and securitization theory. From the research results, it can be concluded that the information warfare in mainstream mass media in Europe was occurred during the Ukrainian Russian conflict. The information warfare methods used by the Dutch, French, German, British, Georgian media are offensive because of its article content that is attacking Russia. Ukraine and Russia are involved in direct conflict by using offensive and defensive methods defense. Belarus used the offensive method because its information cornered the European countries that attacked Russia. The Ukrainian Russian war has transformed into an information warfare because of the influence of political and business interests. The strategies used include propaganda and information manipulation."

"Film-film bertemakan LGBTQ + semakin populer di kalangan warga Amerika, dan karakter-karakter LGBTQ + semakin sering diperlihatkan di film-film Hollywood sejak abad ke-21. Media umum Amerika sedang meningkatkan keragaman dalam representasi masyarakat, termasuk meningkatkan visibilitas cerita dan karakter LGBTQ +. Salah satunya adalah Call Me by Your Name (2017). Film ini telah memenangkan banyak penghargaan dan diterima dengan baik tidak hanya oleh penonton queer tapi juga penonton heteroseksual. Namun, terdapat masalah dalam penggambaran identitas dan hubungan homoseksual dalam Call Me by Your Name karena adanya unsur heteronormativitas. Penelitian ini disusun dalam bentuk studi pustaka menggunakan analisis tekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap heteronormativitas dalam karakterisasi, plot, dan sinematografi Call Me by Your Name, serta menjelaskan bagaimana penggambaran homoseksualitas sebagai identitas seksual dan hubungan homoseksual dalam film ini berkontribusi pada kesuksesannya. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa Call Me by Your Name gagal menampilkan representasi homoseksualitas secara positif karena melanggengkan heteroseksisme dan memberikan gratifikasi kepada penonton heteroseksual.

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LGBTQ+ movies have gained more popularity among American audience, and LGBTQ+ characters have been more visible in Hollywood movies since the twenty-first century. American mainstream media has been working on the diversity of representations, including bringing up the visibility of LGBTQ+ narratives and characters. One of them is Call Me by Your Name (2017). The movie has won numerous awards and been well received by not only queer but also heterosexual audience. However, its portrayals of homosexual identity and relationship are problematic due to the presence of heteronormativity. This research is written in a form of library research using textual analysis. This research aims to find heteronormativity in its characterization, plot, and cinematography, and to elaborate how its heterosexist portrayals of homosexuality as a sexual identity and a homosexual relationship contribute to its success. The findings show that Call Me by Your Name fails to offer a positive representation of homosexuality because it perpetuates heterosexism and gratifies heterosexual audience."

"ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas hubungan antara framing media dan bagaimana media mainstream dan alternativemenggambarkan masalah pemboman Rumah Sakit MSF di Kunduz, Afghanistan. Teori-teori ilmu komunikasidigunakan dalam analisa perbandingan isi artikel-artikel media mainstream dan media alternative dalam waktu satubulan setelah pemboman Rumah Sakit MSF. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kedua media mainstream danalternative menggambarkan perspektif yang berbeda pada masalah yang sama. Media mainstream menggambarkanpemboman sebagai kerusakan tambahan akibat penyerangan terhadap tentara Taliban dan sebuah kesalahan yangmendorong Militer Amerika Serikat untuk melakukan investigasi sendiri yang akan berjalan dengan transparan.Namun, media alternative menggambarkan peristiwa sebagai pembantaian yang dilakukan dengan sengaja. Selainperbedaan pada isi artikel, perbedaan juga terlihat pada bagaimana kedua media menulis artikel mereka. Artikelmedia mainstream tidak terlihat bias dengan menghindari kata-kata sifat dan tidak terdapat pendapat atauargumentasi penulis , sedangkan dalam artikel media alternative terlihat sangat bias dengan banyaknya kata-katasifat dan pendapat atau argumentasi penulis.ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between media framing and the way both mainstream and alternative mediaportray MSF Hospital bombing issue. Communication theories are used in a comparative content analysis thatexamines the articles written by mainstream and alternative media sources within a month after MSF Hospital bombing. The research finds that both mainstream and alternative media portray different perspectives on a similarissue. Mainstream media portrays the bombing as a collateral damage and a mistake, and toward this mistake U.S.will do their own investigation that will run unbiased and transparent. However, alternative media portrays theevent as a massacre that is done intentionally. Moreover, the way they construct their articles are different.Mainstream media article stay away from bias by avoiding any adjective words and not including author opinion orargumentation, while in alternative media article, there are a lot of adjective words and author opinion orargumentation.;This article examines the relationship between media framing and the way both mainstream and alternative mediaportray MSF Hospital bombing issue. Communication theories are used in a comparative content analysis thatexamines the articles written by mainstream and alternative media sources within a month after MSF Hospital bombing. The research finds that both mainstream and alternative media portray different perspectives on a similarissue. Mainstream media portrays the bombing as a collateral damage and a mistake, and toward this mistake U.S.will do their own investigation that will run unbiased and transparent. However, alternative media portrays theevent as a massacre that is done intentionally. Moreover, the way they construct their articles are different.Mainstream media article stay away from bias by avoiding any adjective words and not including author opinion orargumentation, while in alternative media article, there are a lot of adjective words and author opinion orargumentation.;This article examines the relationship between media framing and the way both mainstream and alternative mediaportray MSF Hospital bombing issue. Communication theories are used in a comparative content analysis thatexamines the articles written by mainstream and alternative media sources within a month after MSF Hospital bombing. The research finds that both mainstream and alternative media portray different perspectives on a similarissue. Mainstream media portrays the bombing as a collateral damage and a mistake, and toward this mistake U.S.will do their own investigation that will run unbiased and transparent. However, alternative media portrays theevent as a massacre that is done intentionally. Moreover, the way they construct their articles are different.Mainstream media article stay away from bias by avoiding any adjective words and not including author opinion orargumentation, while in alternative media article, there are a lot of adjective words and author opinion orargumentation.;This article examines the relationship between media framing and the way both mainstream and alternative mediaportray MSF Hospital bombing issue. Communication theories are used in a comparative content analysis thatexamines the articles written by mainstream and alternative media sources within a month after MSF Hospital bombing. The research finds that both mainstream and alternative media portray different perspectives on a similarissue. Mainstream media portrays the bombing as a collateral damage and a mistake, and toward this mistake U.S.will do their own investigation that will run unbiased and transparent. However, alternative media portrays theevent as a massacre that is done intentionally. Moreover, the way they construct their articles are different.Mainstream media article stay away from bias by avoiding any adjective words and not including author opinion orargumentation, while in alternative media article, there are a lot of adjective words and author opinion orargumentation."

"Artikel ini membahas hubungan antara framing media dan bagaimana media mainstream dan alternative menggambarkan masalah pemboman Rumah Sakit MSF di Kunduz, Afghanistan. Teori-teori ilmu komunikasi digunakan dalam analisa perbandingan isi artikel-artikel media mainstream dan media alternative dalam waktu satu bulan setelah pemboman Rumah Sakit MSF.Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kedua media mainstream dan alternative menggambarkan perspektif yang berbeda pada masalah yang sama. Media mainstream menggambarkan pemboman sebagai kerusakan tambahan akibat penyerangan terhadap tentara Taliban dan sebuah kesalahan yang mendorong Militer Amerika Serikat untuk melakukan investigasi sendiri yang akan berjalan dengan transparan. Namun, media alternative menggambarkan peristiwa sebagai pembantaian yang dilakukan dengan sengaja. Selain perbedaan pada isi artikel, perbedaan juga terlihat pada bagaimana kedua media menulis artikel mereka. Artikel media mainstream tidak terlihat bias dengan menghindari kata-kata sifat dan tidak terdapat pendapat atau argumentasi penulis, sedangkan dalam artikel media alternative terlihat sangat bias dengan banyaknya kata-kata sifat dan pendapat atau argumentasi penulis.

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This article examines the relationship between media framing and the way both mainstream and alternative media portray MSF Hospital bombing issue. Communication theories are used in a comparative content analysis that examines the articles written by mainstream and alternative media sources within a month after MSF Hospital bombing.The research finds that both mainstream and alternative media portray different perspectives on a similar issue. Mainstream media portrays the bombing as a collateral damage and a mistake, and toward this mistake U.S. will do their own investigation that will run unbiased and transparent. However, alternative media portrays the event as a massacre that is done intentionally. Moreover, the way they construct their articles are different. Mainstream media article stay away from bias by avoiding any adjective words and not including author opinion or argumentation, while in alternative media article, there are a lot of adjective words and author opinion or argumentation."

"Sebagian studi komunikasi perubahan iklim berfokus kepada pembingkaian isu yang dilakukan oleh media arus utama. Penelitian kali ini mencoba berkontribusi dalam studi sejenis dengan melakukan komparasi pembingkaian antara media arus utama dan media niche dalam konteks negara berkembang. Studi diarahkan kepada perbandingan kedalaman, pembingkaian dan penggunaan sumber informasi, dengan metode analisis isi kuantitatif, antara Kompas.com, sebagai media arus utama, dan Mongabay.co.id, sebagai media niche di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kedalaman dan keragaman perspektif peliputan dari media niche. Secara keseluruhan, bingkai dampak dan atribusi pertanggungjawaban, dan sumber informasi yang berasal dari pemerintah Indonesia, cenderung digunakan oleh kedua kanal berita. Perbedaan terlihat dari Mongabay.co.id yang mengikutsertakan suara masyarakat lokal, dan lebih berfokus pada peliputan isu advokasi terkait perubahan iklim. Sedangkan Kompas.com mencoba menyeimbangkan sumber informasi dan cenderung tidak mengambil posisi secara eksplisit.

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Some studies on climate change communication focus on issue framing conducted by mainstream media. This research aims to contribute to a similar study by comparing the framing between mainstream and niche media in the context of developing countries. The study focuses on the depth, framing, and use of information sources, using quantitative content analysis methods, between Kompas.com as mainstream media and Mongabay.co.id as niche media in Indonesia. The results show the depth and diversity of coverage perspectives from niche media. Overall, impact framing, accountability attribution, and information sources from the Indonesian government still tend to be used by both news channels. Differences are observed in Mongabay.co.id, which includes the voices of local communities and focuses more on advocacy  coverage related to climate change. In contrast, Kompas.com attempts to balance information sources and tends not to take explicit positions."