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"Penerapan magnesium sebagai implan merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan dari natur biomaterial dari magnesium sendiri. Berbagai usaha untuk meningkatkan resistansi terhadap laju korosi yang terlalu besar, yang menjadi kelemahan dari magnesium telah dilakukan, contohnya adalah penggunaan metode ECAP. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai proses manufaktur dari implan berbahan dasar magnesium ECAP, secara khusus implan jenis miniplate. Metode fabrikasi micro-forming, terbukti dapat dengan akurat memfabrikasi miniplate sesuai dengan design yang diajukan, dengan rerata error terbesar ada pada bagian thickness atau ketebalan plat. Error yang ada cukup kecil pada angka 12.43. Bagian yang paling krusial, yaitu hole, memiliki akurasi serta presisi yang baik, dengan rerata error 1.43 , yang paling kecil dari seluruh detail yang diukur. Kalkulasi yang telah dibuat berdasarkan physical properties dari magnesium juga terbukti sesuai dengan trial yang dilakukan sehingga hasil cukup akurat.

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The use of magnesium as an implant material is the utilization of magnesium's nature as a biomaterial. Lots of methods are developed in an effort to inhibit magnesium's high degradation rate, which is one of magnesium's weakness. One of such method is the ECAP. This research is focused on the manufacturing process of magnesium ECAP based implant, especially the maxilla miniplate. The micro forming fabrication method is proven to be accurate enough to fabricate the miniplates according to the original design, with the largest error being the thickness of the plate. plat. The largest error occurred in this research is 12.43, which is quite small. The most crucial part, the hole, proved to be quite accurate and precise, with 1.43 average error, which is the smallest error in the detail. The calculation based on the physical properties of magnesium is also accurate enough to be used as the basis for the manufacturing's parameters."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang Pada penatalaksanaan fraktur maksilofasial secara internal fiksasi diperlukan pemasangan alat miniplate dan screw sampai terjadi penyembuhan tulang Magnesium memiliki potensi sebagai miniplate dan screw pada tulang rahang dengan syarat bersifat biokompatibel dan biodegradasi sehingga tidak diperlukan operasi kembali untuk pengambilan miniplate dan screw Proses equal channel angular pressing ECAP merupakan salah satu metode untuk mengontrol laju korosi logam magnesium dan meningkatkan sifat mekanisnya Untuk pembuatan desain miniplate dan screw dari magnesium ECAP dengan merujuk dari desain safety factor bahan titanium yang biasanya telah digunakan perlu disesuaikan dengan material properti magnesium agar dapat mencegah kerusakan Tujuan menganalisa perbandingan desain miniplate dan screw logam magnesium ECAP terhadap titanium Metode Untuk penelitian ini kami menggunakan metode finite elemen yaitu formulasi perpindahan untuk menghitung perpindahan komponen strain dan tekanan di bawah beban internal dan eksternal Kemudian desain miniplate dan screw dari magnesium ECAP dilakukan analisa simulasi pembebanan yang dianalisa menggunakan teori Von Misses Hasil Hasil desain miniplate dan screw magnesium ECAP yang diharapkan dapat digunakan pada penatalaksanaan fraktur maksilofasial telah dilakukan simulasi pembebanan dengan dilakukan analisa desain menggunakan teori Von Misses kemudian desain direkayasa untuk mengurangi stress yang diterima desain rekayasa magnesium ECAP dibuat menjadi dua tipe yaitu tipe 1 dengan menambah jumlah screw menjadi 8 screw dengan berat total miniplate dan screw sebesar 118 212 mg dan tipe ke 2 dengan merubah diameter head screw menjadi 2x lebih besar dari bentuk semula sehingga berat totalnya sebesar 169 414 mg Kesimpulan Desain alternatif miniplate dan screw magnesium ECAP tipe 1 dapat lebih efektif untuk digunakan pada penatalaksanaan fraktur maksilofasial ABSTRACT Background In the internal fixation management of maxillofacial fractures the placement of miniplate and screw is necessary until bone repair takes place Magnesium has the potential as a miniplate and screw for the jaws with it rsquo s biocompatibility and biodegradability so that a follow up surgery to remove the miniplate and screw is not necessary The equal channel angular pressing ECAP process is a method to control the corrosion rate of magnesium and increase the mechanical properties In the making of miniplate and screw design from ECAP magnesium referring the safety factor of the titanium design that is already being used adjustments must be made with the characteristics of magnesium so damage can be avoided Objectives to analyze the comparison between magnesium ECAP miniplate and screw design against titanium Methods For this research we used the finite element method which is displacement formulation to calculate component movement strain and pressure under the internal and external load Afterwards the magnesium ECAP miniplate and screw design undergoes a loading simulation which is analyzed with the Von Misses theory Result Design of miniplate and screw magnesium ECAP which expected to be used in the management of maxillofacial fractures has been tested with the stress simulation using Von Misses theory then the design engineered to reduce stress received Engineering design of magnesium ECAP divided into two types type 1 by increasing the number of screw into 8 screws with a total weight miniplate and screws with a total weight miniplate and screw amounted to 118 212 mg and type 2 by changing the diameter of the head screw becomes large than its original shape so that the total weight of 169 414 mg Conclusion Design alternative of miniplate and screw magnesium ECAP type 1could be more effective to be used in the management of maxillofacial fracture ;Background In the internal fixation management of maxillofacial fractures the placement of miniplate and screw is necessary until bone repair takes place Magnesium has the potential as a miniplate and screw for the jaws with it rsquo s biocompatibility and biodegradability so that a follow up surgery to remove the miniplate and screw is not necessary The equal channel angular pressing ECAP process is a method to control the corrosion rate of magnesium and increase the mechanical properties In the making of miniplate and screw design from ECAP magnesium referring the safety factor of the titanium design that is already being used adjustments must be made with the characteristics of magnesium so damage can be avoided Objectives to analyze the comparison between magnesium ECAP miniplate and screw design against titanium Methods For this research we used the finite element method which is displacement formulation to calculate component movement strain and pressure under the internal and external load Afterwards the magnesium ECAP miniplate and screw design undergoes a loading simulation which is analyzed with the Von Misses theory Result Design of miniplate and screw magnesium ECAP which expected to be used in the management of maxillofacial fractures has been tested with the stress simulation using Von Misses theory then the design engineered to reduce stress received Engineering design of magnesium ECAP divided into two types type 1 by increasing the number of screw into 8 screws with a total weight miniplate and screws with a total weight miniplate and screw amounted to 118 212 mg and type 2 by changing the diameter of the head screw becomes large than its original shape so that the total weight of 169 414 mg Conclusion Design alternative of miniplate and screw magnesium ECAP type 1could be more effective to be used in the management of maxillofacial fracture ;Background In the internal fixation management of maxillofacial fractures the placement of miniplate and screw is necessary until bone repair takes place Magnesium has the potential as a miniplate and screw for the jaws with it rsquo s biocompatibility and biodegradability so that a follow up surgery to remove the miniplate and screw is not necessary The equal channel angular pressing ECAP process is a method to control the corrosion rate of magnesium and increase the mechanical properties In the making of miniplate and screw design from ECAP magnesium referring the safety factor of the titanium design that is already being used adjustments must be made with the characteristics of magnesium so damage can be avoided Objectives to analyze the comparison between magnesium ECAP miniplate and screw design against titanium Methods For this research we used the finite element method which is displacement formulation to calculate component movement strain and pressure under the internal and external load Afterwards the magnesium ECAP miniplate and screw design undergoes a loading simulation which is analyzed with the Von Misses theory Result Design of miniplate and screw magnesium ECAP which expected to be used in the management of maxillofacial fractures has been tested with the stress simulation using Von Misses theory then the design engineered to reduce stress received Engineering design of magnesium ECAP divided into two types type 1 by increasing the number of screw into 8 screws with a total weight miniplate and screws with a total weight miniplate and screw amounted to 118 212 mg and type 2 by changing the diameter of the head screw becomes large than its original shape so that the total weight of 169 414 mg Conclusion Design alternative of miniplate and screw magnesium ECAP type 1could be more effective to be used in the management of maxillofacial fracture "

"Latar Belakang: Magnesium ECAP mempunyai sifat mekanis yang baik danpengaruh osteoanabolik, namun magnesium memiliki sifat korosif.Imunohistokimia mengidentifikasi respon proses korosi dengan melihat jejakjaringan sekitar.Metode: Tulang femur dipasang miniplate dan screwdikelompokkan 1-3-5 bulan. Tulang kontrol diambil pada sisi berlawanan. Hasil Imunohistokimia dinilai dengan skoring. Data diuji nonparametrik dengan tingkatkepercayaan 99.Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna kelompok perlakuan dengankelompok kontrol p=0,000 . Peningkatan pembentukan trabekula dan responosteogenesis. Peningkatan revaskularisasi dan reaksi kluster diferensiasi terhadapgas poket hingga bulan ke-3.Kesimpulan: Respon jaringan sekitar tertoleransi dengan terjadinya peningkatan osteogenesis, tidak ditemukannya jaringannekrosis, dan penurunan nilai gas poket.

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Background : ECAP processed magnesium has an excellent mechanicalproperties and osteoanabolic effect. However metal materials are known to havecorrosive nature, and magnesium was no exception. Immunohistochemistry is ableto identify corrosion process response in living organism by looking into its tracesin surrounding tissus.

Methods : The femur bone samples were implanted byECAP processed magnesium miniplate and screw for 1, 3, and 5 months. Theopposing femur was left alone as control samples. Afterwards,immunohistochemical staining results were scored and tested using nonparametrictests with confidence interval of 99.

Results : Significant differences werefound between treatment groups and control groups p=0.000. The increase oftrabeculae formation and osteogenesis responses also revascularisation anddifferentiation clusters to gas voids are observed well into the 3 month samples.

Conclusion : Surrounding tissue responses are tolerated as shown by the increaseof osteogenesis, untraceable necrotic tissues, and the decrease in gas voids score."