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"Product manufacturing cost estimation in the early stages of the design process is useful for accelerating product time to market, reducing costs, and increasing quality in order to obtain products with a high level of competitiveness in the free market. Complexity and machining cost are important variables to estimate the final cost of the product. However, current cost estimation models only consider their calculations based on the design which has been determined beforehand, so that it is difficult to apply a cost estimation model early on in the design process because of minimal information. Therefore, in this research, a new method to produce a cost estimation model during the early stage of the design process is proposed. The new model was developed by correlating the cost calculation with the complexity of the machining process based on product features. By using this model, the designers are able to put through design changes quickly by modifying revisions at the manufacturing stage. In this paper, the development and implementation of the proposed cost estimation model which involves the milling process is known as the SPMF (Single Product Multi-Features) Product model is explained in detail. The proposed method shows that the SPMF Product model can be used to produce a manufacturing cost estimation based on process complexity."

"This book introduces the materials and traditional processes involved in the manufacturing industry. It discusses the properties and application of different engineering materials as well as the performance of failure tests. The book lists both destructible and non-destructible processes in detail. The design associated with each manufacturing processes, such Casting, Forming, Welding and Machining, are also covered."

"Salah satu metode analisa kegagalan proses pembuatan suatu produk dalam aktifitas manufaktur ada lab metode FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), Tujuan penerapan FMEA adalah untuk mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi, meminimalkan ataupun menghilangkan potensi kegagalan yang sangat berpengaruh dalam kualitas dan produktifitas yang berkelanjutan. membuat urutan priorltas pennasalahan kegagalan dan menentuk:an tindakan koreksi yang tepat agar didapatkan kualitas produk yang tinggi dan pemenuhan kepuasan pelanggan. Mengingat pentingnya metode analisa kegagalan dan pengaruhnya (FMEA) ini maka perlu dilak:ukan perencanaan dan dokumentasi yang baik dengan mengacu pada standar QS9000 dan tinjauan (revie1v) yang berkelanjutan. Dengan penerapan FMEA, khususnya Wltuk proses permesinan komponen propeller shaft ini, dapat diketahui potensi kegagalan, pengaruh, penyebab, dan membuat suatu prioritas permasalahan berdasarkan tingkat resiko kegagalan dan melakukan tindakan pencegahan dan peninjauan yang berkelanjutan.

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One of several methode to analize failure is using an FME'A (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis )methode. An FMEA is described as a aystematic activities to recognize and evaluate potential failure of a process/product and its effect, to identify actions that could eliminate or reduce the occuring of failure, and decide an effective corroctive actions as it must done to reach maximum quality and satisfy the customer needs. As it is veJy important so tl!at aU the FMEA documents must be planned and documented reffer to standard manual QS9000. Understanding of FMEA specially in case of machfm'ng process of propeller shaft parts it can be use to make a problem:; priority list base on tisk priority level so thai a contimms improvement and review can be done to support the activities of FMEA in manufacturing/machining process."