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Abstrak :
Energi listrik di Indonesia adalah suatu kebutuhan yang sangat mendesak karena telah diambang krisis. Pemerintah memutuskan membangun pembangkit listrik yang berharga murah. Proyek yang dimenangkan oleh konsorsium Cina, di tenderkan lagi kepada mitra lokal dengan data yang sangat terbatas dengan menggunakan kontrak lump sum. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mencari faktor-faktor risiko utama yang berpengaruh pada saat menetapkan jenis kontrak lump sum pada proyek un-definitive design, serta mencari dampak yang timbul. Metode penelitian yang dipakai menggunakan survai dan studi kasus. Kesimpulannya proses tender, kontrak dan konstruksi sangat berpengaruh pada kontrak lump sum dan faktor-faktor risiko utama akan menurunkan kinerja biaya proyek.

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The power energy is urgently required for Indonesia to avoid crisis. The Indonesia government decides to build a relatively low cost Power Plants. Project obtained by Chinese consortium then subsequently to be tendered to the local partner with inadequate data and applying lump sum contract. The objective of this thesis is to locate the main risk factors affecting at the time of establishing the type of lump sum contract on un-definitive design project as well as to locate the impact and the solution to minimize those impact. The survey and case study are used for this research method. The conclusion can be drawn that tender, contract and construction process have an effect for the lump sum contract and main risk factor will reduce the project cost performance.

Abstrak :
This study compares two major types of contracts in public procurement, i.e. unit price and lump sum contracts, in terms of the gap between the winner's bid price and owner’s estimated price (OEP) in resulted price gap during the tender process, taking the case of government procurement in Indonesia. Using Indonesian e-tendering data of 2018-2021, this study employs an Ordinary Least Square regression to assess whether there is a difference in the price gap between the two types of contracts. This study finds that the average price gap in unit price contract is significantly higher than that of lump sum contracts. With the help of the transaction cost economics approach, this study discussed that the higher average price gap in unit price contracts is related to a lower information cost and lower risk of having a change order for the contract faced by the bidders. While in a lump sum contract, the winner's bid price is closer to OEP because bidders are faced with design risks that require higher information costs and contract adaptation during the execution phase. The study also found that the use of a unit price contract is significantly related to a longer tendering time due to a longer period in evaluating the bid.

Abstrak :
Studi ini membandingkan dua jenis kontrak utama pada pengadaan publik, yakni kontrak harga satuan dan lumsum, dalam mempengaruhi selisih harga antara harga penawaran dan harga perkiraan sendiri (HPS) pada kasus pengadaan pemerintah di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data e-tendering periode 2018-2021, studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif Ordinary Least Square regression untuk mengevaluasi selisih harga pada kedua jenis kontrak. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata selisih harga pada kontrak harga satuan secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan selisih harga pada kontrak lumsum. Dengan pendekatan ekonomi biaya transaksi, studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa selisih harga yang lebih tinggi pada kontrak harga satuan berkaitan dengan biaya yang lebih rendah untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait harga input dan desain proyek sehingga menghasilkan risiko permintaan perubahan kontrak yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrak lumsum. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa penggunaan kontrak harga satuan secara signifikan berpengaruh pada waktu tender yang lebih lama karena periode evaluasi penawaran yang lebih panjang. ......This study compares two major types of contract in public procurement, i.e. unit price and lump sum contracts, in producing the gap between bid price and owner’s estimated price, taking the case of government procurement in Indonesia. Using Indonesian e-tendering data of 2018-2021, this study employes an Ordinary Least Square regression to evaluate the price gap between the two types of contracts. This study found that the average price gap in unit price contract is significantly higher than that of the lump sum contracts. With the help of the transaction cost economics approach, this study discussed that the higher the average price gap in unit price contracts is related to a lower cost of ascertaining information related to the price of the inputs and concluding the design of the projects, which later results in a lower risk of having a change order for the contract, compared to the lump sum contract. The study also found that the use of unit price contract is significantly related to a longer tendering time, due to a longer period in evaluating the bid.