Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Dewasa ini pemberantasan vektor ditekankan pada agent yang bersifat ramah lingkungan yaitu menggunakan pemberantasan biologis misalnya Bacillus thuringiensis israellensis (Bti). Saat ini penggunaan Bti masih dalam taraf laboratorium sehingga perlu dilakukan peneltian lapangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas Bti dalam memberantas Ae. aegypti di container luar rumah di Kelurahan Cempaka Putih Barat. Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan intervensi Bti. Data pretest diambil pada tanggal - tanggal 28 Maret 2010 dan postest pada tanggal 25 April 2010. Survei dilakukan dengan single larva method terhadap semua container di luar rumah. Hasilnya menunjukkan didapatkan 12 container positif larva dari 37 container. Setelah pemberian Bti jumlah container positif larva menurun menjadi 1 container positif larva. Pada penelitian ini tidak dapat dilakukan uji McNemar karena container tidak diperlakukan sama yaitu container TPA diberikan Bti sedangkan pada container non-TPA tidak dan data pada container TPA saja tidak memenuhi syarat uji McNemar. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan Bti bentuk cair tidak efektif menurunkan keberadaan larva Ae. aegypti di luar rumah di Kelurahan Cempaka Putih Barat. Nowadays, the control of the vector agent is emphasized to the environmental friendly agent for example uses biological control Bacillus thuringiensis israellensis (Bti). Today the use of Bti is still in its early stages of a laboratorium study so we need to do field study. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Bti in control Aedes aegypti in containers outside the house in Cempaka Putih Barat Village. The study uses an experimental design with Bti intervention. Pretest data were taken on March 28, 2010 and posttest on April 25, 2010. The survey was conducted with a single method larva of all containers outside the home. The results founded 12 positive larva containers from 37 containers. After Bti application, numbers of positive containers decreased become 1 positive larva container. McNemar test could not be done because all of containers were not treated the same. TPA container was given Bti while non-TPA container was not given Bti. TPA container alone does not qualify for McNemar test. In conclude, liquid form Bti is not effective to reduce the presence of larvae of Ae. aegypty outside the house in the Village of Cempaka Putih Barat.

Abstrak :
Infeksi jamur nosokomial di rumah sakit terhadap pasien dengan kondisi imun yang rendah dapat memberikan dampak yang mengancam nyawa. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan kecenderungan infeksi jamur nosokomial oleh jamur udara semakin meningkat. Keterbatasan data profil jamur udara di lingkungan rumah sakit dapat menghambat pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan infeksi jamur nosokomial karena sumber infeksi tidak teridentifikasi. Penelitian ini menyelidiki keberadaan dan profil jamur udara di lingkungan luar empat rumah sakit di Jakarta, serta merupakan bagian dari penelitian multisenter aspergilosis invasif di ICU rumah sakit di Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan cawan petri berisi agar saboraud yang dibiarkan terpajan udara selama 15 menit. Proses identifikasi dilakukan setelah masa inkubasi untuk melihat profil jamur yang diisolasi: Aspergillus sp, Candida sp, Penicillium sp, Rhodotorula sp, Scedosporium sp, Paecilomyses sp, Fusarium sp, Dematiaceae sp, Mycelia sterilia, Cylindrocarpon sp, dan Curvularia sp. Profil jamur yang diisolasi pada dua cawan medium atau lebih di Rumah Sakit Persahabatan: Dematiaceae dan Aspergillus fumigatus; Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo: Dematiaceae, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, dan Penicillium; Rumah Sakit UKI: Dematiaceae, Penicillium, Mycelia sterilia, Rhodotorula, Aspergillus flavus dan Candida tropicalis; sedangkan di Rumah Sakit Sulianti Saroso: Aspergillus niger, Dematiaceae, Mycelia sterilia, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cylindrocarpon, dan Aspergillus flavus. ......Nosocomial fungal infections in immunocompromised patients may pose a serious threat in mortality. Evidence suggests that the trend of nosocomial fungal outbreak in hospitals were increasing with almost all nosocomial fungal outbreak was caused by airborne fungi. However, the limited knowledge regarding airborne fungi profile rendering hospitals unable to identify the source of infections and hindering hospitals to provide optimal prevention and management towards nosocomial fungal infections. This study explored the presence and profile of airborne fungi in the outdoor environment of four hospitals in Jakarta and is a part of multicenter study on invasive aspergillosis in ICU patients at several hospitals in Jakarta. In each hospital, air samples were collected via saboraud agar in petri dish opened for 15 minutes. Identification process was carried in Mycology laboratory after incubation period to identify the isolated airborne fungal profiles which are Aspergillus sp, Candida sp, Penicillium sp, Rhodotorula sp, Scedosporium sp, Paecilomyses sp, Fusarium sp, Dematiaceae sp, Mycelia sterilia, Cylindrocarpon sp. and Curvularia sp. The profile of airborne fungal species isolated on two or more media plates at Persahabatan Hospital were Dematiaceae and Aspergillus fumigatus Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were Dematiaceae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium UKI Hospital were Dematiaceaeas, Penicillium, Mycelia sterilia, Rhodotorula, Aspergillus flavus and Candida tropicalis while at Soelianto Saroso Hospital were Aspergillus niger, Dematiaceae, Mycelia sterilia, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cylindrocarpon, and Aspergillus flavus.

Abstrak :
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Kelurahan Paseban, Jakarta Pusat merupakan salah satu zona merah DBD pada bulan Maret 2009 sehingga perlu dilakukan pemberantasan vektor DBD, Aedes aegypti. Untuk dapat memberantas vektor DBD dengan tepat, perlu diketahui tempat berkembang biak, angka kepadatan dan penyebarannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan larva di container luar rumah di Paseban Barat dan Paseban Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 2-3 Mei 2009. Penelitian berupa survei larva di 100 rumah di Paseban Barat dan Paseban Timur. Container luar rumah yang ditemukan dibagi berdasarkan wilayah Paseban. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi square’s test untuk mengetahui hubungan wilayah dengan keberadaan larva Ae.aegypti di container luar rumah. Dari 100 rumah yang disurvei di Paseban Barat didapatkan house index 12%, container index 5,98% dan breteau index sebesar 18 sedangkan dari 100 rumah di Paseban Timur didapatkan house index 27%, container index 15,04%, dan breteau index sebesar 40. Dari seluruh container luar rumah di Paseban Barat, hanya satu container yang positif larva sedangkan di Paseban Timur container yang positif larva sebanyak 14 buah. Pada chi square’s test didapatkan nilai p=0,000 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara keberadaan larva Ae.aegypti di container luar rumah di Paseban Barat dan Paseban Timur. Disimpulkan bahwa kepadatan dan penyebaran vektor DBD di Paseban Timur lebih tinggi daripada Paseban Barat; dan keberadaan larva Ae.aegypti di container luar rumah di Paseban Timur lebih tinggi daripada Paseban Barat. ......Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Indonesia. Paseban District, Central Jakarta became a DHF red zone at March 2009 so that the DHF vector, Aedes aegypti, must be eradicated. In order to control the vector well; the breeding places, larval density and larval spreading must be known. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of Ae.aegypti larvae in outdoor containers in West Paseban and East Paseban. This study did at 2-3 May 2009. It was a larvae survey in 100 houses in each West Paseban and East Paseban. The outdoor containers were divided into two categories based on Paseban area, West Paseban outdoor containers and East Paseban outdoor containers. The data were analyzed by chi square’s test to know the correlation between Paseban area and the existence of Ae.aegypti larvae in outdoor containers. From 100 houses surveyed in West Paseban, the house index was 12%, the container index was 5,98% and the breteau index was 18. From 100 houses surveyed in East Paseban, the house index was 27%, the container index was 15,04% and the breteau index was 40. From all outdoor containers found, there was one larval positive container in West Paseban and there were fourteen larval positive containers in East Paseban. From chi square’s test, the p = 0,000 which means there is correlation between Paseban area and the existence of Ae.aegypti larvae in outdoor containers. The conclusions were the larval density and larval spreading in East Paseban was higher than West Paseban; and the the existence of Ae.aegypti larvae in outdoor containers in East Paseban was higher than West Paseban.

Abstrak :
Pemberantasan vektor DBD dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara antara lain pemberantasan biologik menggunakan bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas Bti konsentrasi 2 ml/m2 dan 4 ml/m2 dalam menurunkan keberadaan larva Ae. aegypti di TPA luar rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan intervensi Bti formulasi cair konsentrasi 2 ml/m2 dan 4 ml/m2. Lokasi penelitian adalah di RW 03, Kelurahan Paseban, Jakarta Pusat. Data sebelum intervensi diambil pada tanggal 13 Januari 2010 dan sesudah intervensi pada tanggal 14 Februari 2010. Survei entomologi dilakukan dengan single-larval method di TPA luar rumah yang berada di 100 rumah di RT 11-18 (Bti konsentrasi 2 ml/m2) dan 100 rumah di RT 5-10 (Bti konsentrasi 4 ml/m2). Data diolah dengan program SPSS versi 11.5 dengan analisis menggunakan uji Fisher. Setelah pemberian Bti jumlah TPA positif di RT 11-18 (Bti konsentrasi 2 ml/m2) menurun dari 9 menjadi 7 TPA tetapi terdapat kenaikan pada TPA toren, sedangkan di RT 5-10 (Bti konsentrasi 4 ml/m2) 2 TPA positif menjadi negatif. Disimpulkan bahwa Bti formulasi cair dengan konsentrasi 4 ml/m2 lebih baik dalam menurunkan keberadaan larva Ae.aegypti di TPA luar rumah dibandingkan konsentrasi 2 ml/m2. Controlling of dengue vectors can be done in various ways such as using biological control by using bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) concentration 2 ml/m2 and 4 ml/m2 in reducing the presence of Ae. aegypti in containers outside the house. This study used an experimental design with intervention of the Bti concentrations of 2 ml/m2 and 4 ml/m2. The observation was done in RW 03, Paseban, Central Jakarta. The data before the intervention was taken on January 13, 2010 and after intervention on February 14, 2010. Entomology survey conducted by single-larval methods in the container outside the house located at 100 houses in RT 11-18 (Bti concentration 2 ml/m2) and 100 houses in RT 5-10 (Bti concentration 4 ml/m2). The data were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 with the analysis using the Fisher?s test. After treatment with Bti the number of positive water containers in RT 11-18 (Bti concentration 2 ml/m2) decreased from 9 to 7 water containers, but there is an increase in "toren". In RT 5-10 (Bti concentration 4 ml/m2) 2 positive water containers decrease to negative. In conclusion, Bti concentrations 4 ml/m2 is better to reduce the presence of Ae. aegypti in water containers outside the house than concentration 2 ml/m2.

Abstrak :
Pemberantasan vektor DBD dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara antara lain menggunakan biolarvasida berupa bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui efektivitas Bti dalam menurunkan jumlah container positif larva Aedes aegypti di luar rumah di daerah zona merah DBD yaitu Kelurahan Paseban, Jakarta Pusat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan intervensi aplikasi Bti cair dengan konsentrasi 4 mL/m2. Survei entomologi dilakukan di 100 rumah di Paseban pada tanggal 14 Februari 2010 menggunakan single larval method. Pada survai entomologi pertama, Bti diaplikasikan di container di luar rumah lalu dievaluasi pada survei kedua pada tanggal 14 Maret 2010. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan program SPSS versi 11.5 dan dianalisis dengan uji Fisher?s exact. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua container positif larva di daerah perlakuan menjadi negatif setelah diberikan Bti, namun penurunan juga terjadi di daerah kontrol, yang tidak diberikan Bti. Disimpulkan bahwa Bti cair dapat menurunkan jumlah container positif larva Ae. aegypti di luar rumah di kelurahan Paseban. ......There are many alternatives to control DHF vectors, one of these is a biolarvicide using bacteria. The aim of this study was to observe the effectiveness of Bti in decreasing containers with larvae Aedes aegypti outside houses in Paseban villages as DHF red zones. This study used an experimental design with Bti application on 4 mL/m2 concentration as the intervention. Entomological survey was conducted in 200 houses in Paseban on February 14th 2010 using single larval method. On the first entomological survey, Bti was applied on permanent water containers and the results were evaluated on the second survey on and March 14th 2010. The data obtained were processed using SPSS for Windows version 17.0 and analysed using Fisher?s-exact test. The results showed a change concerning containers in intervention area, which turned larvae-negative after Bti application, but a change of containers also happened in control area, which also turned larvae-negative without Bti application. Thus Bti can be used in decreasing containers with larvae Ae. aegypti outside houses in Paseban.

Abstrak :
Potensi pencemar luar rumah (mis. industri meubel/kayu dan jalan raya) mempengaruhi kualitas udara dalam rumah, serta meningkatkan risiko ISPA pada anak balita. Di Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur ditemukan kasus ISPA sebesar 1.446 atau 17,55% dari total jumlah kasus. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ISPA anak balita menurut kualitas udara dalam rumahnya di Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur tahun 2013. Besar sampel ditentukan menggunakan rumus Lemeshow (1997), dan didapat 120 sampel menggunakan teknik multistage sampling. Proporsi ISPA adalah sebesar 60%. Anak balita ISPA pada rumah dengan kualitas udara (PM10 dan NO2) tidak memenuhi syarat adalah sebesar 30 (83,3%) dan 71 (60,7%). Pada analisis multivariat, variabel ventilasi, penghuni rumah merokok, dan pemberian vitamin A, memiliki hubungan paling kuat dengan ISPA anak balita. Disimpulkan pajanan PM10 dengan konsentrasi tidak memenuhi syarat berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA, disamping variabel ventilasi, penghuni rumah merokok, dan pemberian vitamin A yang berfungsi meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap kejadian infeksi pada anak balita. Perlu dilakukan upaya penyehatan perumahan/pemukiman, promosi kesehatan (kampanye anti rokok), serta pemberian suplemen vitamin A pada anak balita ......Potential outdoor pollutant sources (eg. furniture/timber industry and roadway) can affect indoor air quality in house, and increase acute respiratory infection (ARI) risk in children under five. In Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur, found 1.446 ARI cases or 17,55% to its total cases. This research use a cross sectional design, which aim to picture children under five’s ARI by its indoor air quality in house in Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur, in 2013. Sample size was determined by Lemeshow (1997) equation, then 120 samples had choosen using multistage sampling. 60% ARI’s proportion was reported in this research. There was 30 (83,3%) and 71 (60,7%) of unmeet standart indoor air quality in house (PMjo and NO2), children under five with ARI was reported. House ventilation, smoker in house, and vitamin A suplementation, had more significant relationship with children under five’s ARI incident according to multivariate analysis result. It conclude that unmeet standard PM10, have significant relationship with children under five ARI incident, beside house ventilation, smoker in house, and vitamin A suplementation which can increase children under five immunity to any infection. Due to the research results, it advisable to measure a housing health programme, anti smoking campaign (health promotion programme), and vitamin A suplementation fo children under five programme