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Abstrak :
The dynamic nature of meteorological data and the commercial availability of diverse photovoltaic systems, ranging from single-junction silicon-based PV panels to concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems utilizing multi-junction solar cells and a two-axis solar tracker, demand a simple but accurate methodology for energy planners and PV system designers to understand the economic feasibility of photovoltaic or renewable energy systems. In this paper, an electrical rating methodology is proposed that provides a common playing field for planners, consumers and PV manufacturers to evaluate the long-term performance of photovoltaic systems, as long-term electricity rating is deemed to be a quick and accurate method to evaluate economic viability and determine plant sizes and photovoltaic system power production. A long-term performance analysis based on monthly and electrical ratings (in kWh/m2/year) of two developed CPV prototypes, the Cassegrain mini dish and Fresnel lens CPVs with triple-junction solar cells operating under the meteorological conditions of Singapore, is presented in this paper. Performances are compared to other conventional photovoltaic systems.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas dampak perbedaan motif Merger dan Akuisisi (M&A) terhadap kinerja jangka panjang dan kualitas laba perusahaan pasca M&A serta peran moderasi Corporate Governance, baik pada tingkat perusahaan maupun tingkat negara terhadap hubungan antara motif M&A dan kinerja jangka panjang. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menganalisis pengaruh motif M&A terhadap tingkat pengungkapan transaksi M&A serta dampak dari tingkat pengungkapan tersebut bagi kinerja jangka panjang serta kualitas laba perusahaan pasca M&A. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemisahan persepsi motif M&A dari investor menjadi motif sinergi dan agensi berdasarkan reaksi investor saat pengumuman M&A dilakukan serta menggunakan variabel akuntansi. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara lintas negara dengan menggunakan sampel kasus M&A yang terjadi di 11 negara Asia selama periode 2002-2012. Dengan menggunakan metode cross-sectional ordinary least square, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa M&A bermotif sinergi menghasilkan kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan M&A motif agensi, dan mekanisme Corporate Governance yang diterapkan perusahaan terbukti dapat lebih memaksimumkan dampak positif tersebut. Temuan lain dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa motif M&A juga menjadi faktor penting yang menjelaskan tingkat pengungkapan informasi M&A yang kemudian terbukti secara signifikan menentukan kualitas laba perusahaan pasca M&A. Penelitian ini tidak dapat membuktikan pengaruh motif M&A terhadap kualitas laba, pengaruh tingkat pengungkapan M&A terhadap kinerja jangka panjang serta peran moderasi Corporate Governance tingkat negara pada hubungan antara motif M&A dan kinerja jangka panjang.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Merger and Acquisition (M&A) motives to the long-term performance and earnings quality of companies post M&A, and the moderating effect of Corporate Governance, both in firm-level and country-level, to the relationship between M&A motives to the long-term performance. In addition, this study also analyses the influence of M&A motive to the M&A transaction disclosure level and then analyses how the M&A disclosure level can determine the long-term performance and the earnings quality post M&A. This study uses M&A transactions in 11 Asian countries during 2002 until 2012 as research sample. Using cross-sectional ordinary least square method, this study proves that the M&A motives have significant positive influence to the long-term performance post M&A and the significant moderating effect of Corporate Governance at firm-level in maximizing the influence between it. Other findings in this study show that the M&A motives have a significant positive influence on the level of M&A disclosure which is then proven to be one of the significant factors that determining the quality of earnings post M&A. In the other side, this study fails to prove the significant impact of the M&A motive to the earnings quality post M&A, the influence of the disclosure level to the long-term performance and the moderating effect of the Corporate Governance at country-level to the relationship between the M&A motives and the long-term performance post M&A.