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"Indonesia was founded on the ideal of the 'Sovereignty of the People', which suggests the pre-eminence of people's rights to access, use and control land to support their livelihoods. Yet, many questions remain unresolved. How can the state ensure access_to land for agriculture and housing while also supporting land acquisition for investment in industry and infrastructure? What is to be done about indigenous rights? Do registration and titling provide solutions? Is the land reform agenda - legislated but never implemented - still relevant? How should the land questions affecting Indonesia's disappearing forests be resolved?The contributors to this volume assess progress on these issues through case studies from across the archipelago: from large-scale land acquisitions in Papua, to asset ownership in the villages of Sulawesi and Java, to tenure conflicts associated with the oil palm and mining booms in Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra. What are the prospects for the 'people's sovereignty' in regard to land?"

"Indonesia was founded on the ideal of the 'Sovereignty of the People', which suggests the pre-eminence of people's rights to access, use and control land to support their livelihoods. Yet, many questions remain unresolved. How can the state ensure access_to land for agriculture and housing while also supporting land acquisition for investment in industry and infrastructure? What is to be done about indigenous rights? Do registration and titling provide solutions? Is the land reform agenda - legislated but never implemented - still relevant? How should the land questions affecting Indonesia's disappearing forests be resolved?The contributors to this volume assess progress on these issues through case studies from across the archipelago: from large-scale land acquisitions in Papua, to asset ownership in the villages of Sulawesi and Java, to tenure conflicts associated with the oil palm and mining booms in Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra. What are the prospects for the 'people's sovereignty' in regard to land?"

"ABSTRACTMassive tin mining activities in Bangka Belitung Islands Province have caused a detrimental effect that reduces the livelihoods of the people living around the mining area. On the other hand, there has been a shift in livelihoods from agrarian communities to mining communities that increase anxieties on the livelihoods in the future. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about the sustainability of the switched people livelihoods which concentrated in villages around the tin mining area. The study utilized qualitative methods, collected data through interviews and focus group discussions on community leaders, village government officials, and mining actors to analyze aspects of vulnerability and household livelihood strategies based on a sustainable livelihood framework. The results of the study reveal that household groups that work with mining owners and mining tailings have the most vulnerable livelihood resources because their main source of income from tin mining activities is only able to meet their daily needs. Furthermore, the group has very limited land and social relationships that rely solely on elements of kinship and moneylender services when faced with financial difficulties. However, most of these households began to respond to the end of the post-tin economy in the pepper plantation and trade sub-sector. In addition, business opportunities in the sub-sector of livestock, horticulture, and capture fisheries for coastal villages have been utilized by mining owners as the alternative livelihoods."

"Suatu perceraian tidak berakibat hilangnya kewajiban orang tua untuk tetap memberi nafkah kepada anak-anaknya sampai dewasa. Meskipun telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan namun masih banyak orang tua yang tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya terhadap nafkah anak. Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana akibat hukum putusnya perkawinan karena perceraian terhadap nafkah anak, faktor-faktor apa saja yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menentukan kewajiban bapak memberikan nafkah anak, apakah pertimbangan Hakim Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Barat dan Depok dalam Putusan No.605/Pdt.G/2010/PAJB, dan Putusan No. 226/Pdt.G/2008/PA Dpk telah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku, upaya hukum apa yang dapat ditempuh jika tidak dilaksanakannya putusan pengadilan dan apakah ada sanksi yang mengatur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan penelitian kepustakaan dengan data sekunder yang ditunjang dengan wawancara. Di dalam Hukum Islam, UU No.1/1974, dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam apabila terjadi perceraian maka nafkah anak ditanggung oleh ayah menurut kemampuannya, jika ayah tidak mampu maka ibu ikut memikulnya. Faktor-faktor yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menentukan nafkah anak adalah dilihat dari kemampuan ekonomi ayah berkaitan dengan pekerjaan, gaji dan tanggungan lainnya. Putusan Pengadilan Agama Nomor 605/Pdt.G/2010/PAJB dan Nomor 226/Pdt.G/2008/PA Dpk telah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku yaitu berdasarkan Hukum Islam, UU No.1/1974 dan KHI. Upaya yang dapat ditempuh oleh ibu jika ayah tidak membayar biaya nafkah maka ibu dapat memohonkan kepada Ketua Pengadilan Agama yang memutuskan proses perceraian untuk mengeluarkan surat perintah sita eksekusi. UU No.1/1974 maupun KHI tidak ada ketentuan yang mengatur masalah sanksi yang dapat diterapkan terhadap ayah yang tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya memberi nafkah. Khusus Pegawai Negeri Sipil berdasarkan PP No.10 Tahun 1983 Jo PP No.45 Tahun 1990, jika terjadi perceraian maka sepertiga dari gaji ayah akan dipotong untuk nafkah anak.

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A divorce shall not deprive the parent’s obligation to provide their children livelihoods up to adulthood. Notwithstanding regulated in various laws and regulations there are still many parents who do not carry out such obligations. The main issue of this study is to study the legal consequences of divorcement because on children living, what factors that are being considered by judge in determining father’s obligation in providing children livelihoods, whether the consideration of Jakarta Barat and Depok Religious Court Judges in Verdict No.605 / Pdt.G/2010/PAJB, and Decision No. 226/Pdt.G/2008/PA Dpk are in compliance with the applicable regulations, what legal action that can be taken if such decision is not being properly implemented and are there any sanctions involved. The research method used within this study is a normative legal research method that is conducted by research literature using secondary data, supported by interviews.

In the Islamic Law, Law No.1/1974 and compilation of Islamic law in the event of divorce, the children livelihood shall be borne by the father in accordance to his ability, if the father is not able to provide such obligation, then the mother shall have the obligation as well. The factors which the judge considered in determining the child livelihoods are seen from the father’s economic ability in connection with the occupation, salary and other dependents. Religious court verdict No. 605/Pdt.G/2010/PAJB Number and No. 226/Pdt.G/2008/PA Dpk are already in accordance with the applicable regulations based on Islamic Law, Law No.1/1974 and KHI. The Legal Action that can be taken by the mother if the father does not fulfill his obligation is by submitting plead to the Chairman of the Religious Court who decided the divorcement process to issue the writs of execution foreclosure. Either Law No.1/1974 or KHI have the provision governing the sanctions that can be applied to the father who does not carry out his obligation to provide livelihoods. Special for Civil Servants based on Government Regulation / PP No. 10 of 1983 Jo PP No.45 of 1990, in the event of divorce then one third of father’s salary shall be deducted for the children livelihoods."

"In the end of 1998, a street brawl in Poso City, the capital of Poso District in Central Sulawesi expanded into a full-scale communal conflict that caused breakdown of authority, damaged public infrastructures and resulted in over 75,000 people to be displaced from their home. Efforts from both government and non-governmental actors to bring peace back to Poso District, as well as to recover the livelihood of the conflict-affected people have been going on from 1998 up to present.

This study would like to find out whether livelihoods of the conflict-affected people are recovered and to identify links between relief and development using sustainable livelihoods approach, especially in the case of CROP Program implemented by Church World Service Indonesia in Poso District, Central Sulawesi.

Household Livelihood Security Analysis was used in this study using in depth interviews with direct program beneficiaries and obtaining secondary data from project documents and articles in journals and reports.

The findings of this study is a Household Livelihood Profile of the beneficiaries of CROP Programs, that contains changes in livelihood system that happened before and after the intervention and efforts to recover impaired livelihoods in a post-conflict setting is presented.

In the end, the study concluded that the CROP Program was able to enhance the livelihood recovery process of household beneficiaries in Poso District through the provision of vegetable seeds, and fish fry as well as fish and farming tools i.e. hoes, sickles and fish nets, which eventually increased and strengthened physical, economic and social resources of the household beneficiaries. In addition, linkages between relief and development are identified through changes in livelihood resources and strategies, appropriate and accurate intervention design that does not harm the existing livelihood resources and strategies of the conflict-affected people as program beneficiaries.

However, commitment of CWS Indonesia to sustain and recover the existing livelihoods resources and strategies of the conflict-affected people should be strengthened by enriching the capacity of its organization resources."

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Sustainability Livelihood Approach merupakan sebuah pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mengukur upaya sebuah keluarga untuk melanjutkan sumber mata pencahariannya. Salah satu sumber penghidupan yang saat ini menghadapi masalah adalah menjadi petani pemilik kebun teh. Kebun teh yang dikelola oleh petani secara individu merupakan sebuah fenomena yang dapat ditemukan di beberapa kabupaten di Jawa Barat, salah satunya di Kabupaten Sukabumi.  Sebagai pemilik kebun teh, petani juga memiliki berbagai sumber penghidupan yang lain. Berdasarkan aset kepemilikan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pengembangan sumber penghidupan rumah tangga petani pemilik kebun teh.  Pemberian bobot pada setiap aset dari pendekatan SLA dilakukan berdasarkan kondisi geografis lokasi penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dengan informan yang telah ditetapkan persyaratannya (purposive sampling). Petani yang bertempat tinggal dekat dengan jalan utama memiliki sumber penghidupan dari kegiatan non-pertanian, yang dapat menopang pengelolaan kebun teh. Sedang petani yang memiliki jarak sosial yang dekat dengan pengambil keputusan, mampu mengembangkan kegiatan pertanian lain selain kebun teh, dan juga kebun tehnya.  Petani dengan kepemilikan aset alam yang rendah menghadapi kesulitan untuk melakukan diversifikasi kegiatan ekonomi di dalam desa. Pilihan untuk mempertahankan kebun tehnya adalah dengan melakukan migrasi, bekerja di luar desa. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut maka kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jarak yang dekat, baik jarak fisik maupun sosial, memberi kesempatan petani untuk dapat terus mengelola kebun tehnya, serta membentuk strategi penghidupan sehari-hari.

 

 

 

 

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The Sustainability Livelihood Approach is a method in measuring the efforts of a household to continue its livelihood. One livelihood that is currently facing problems is being a farmer who owns a tea garden. Tea gardens managed by farmers households are a phenomenon that distributes in several districts in West Java, one of which is Sukabumi. As a tea garden owners, farmers also have various other livelihood sources. Based on ownership assets this study aims to determine the livelihood strategy pattern of tea garden owners. The weighting of each asset from the SLA approach is based on the geographical conditions of the research location. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews with informants whose requirements had been determined (purposive sampling). Farmers who liveclose to the main road, support their tea garden by their livelihoods from non-agricultural activities. Meanwhile, farmers who have a close social distance to decision-makers can develop other agricultural activities apart from their tea gardens and also their tea gardens. Farmers with low ownership of natural assets face difficulties to diversify economic activities within the village. The choice to maintain the tea garden is to migrate, by working outside the village. Based on these facts, the conclusions of this study indicate that close distances, both physical and social distance, provide oppurtunities for farmers to be able to continue managing their tea gardens, as well as form a daily livelihood strategy.

 

 

 

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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran mengenai kondisi mata pencaharian suatu masyarakat yang terkenal memiliki mata pencaharian di sektor industri kerajinan batik. Pendekatan mengenai mata pencaharian menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimana manusia bertahan hidup. Secara teoritis, penelitian ini berangkat dari kerangka pemikiran Scoones 2009 tentang mata pencaharian yang perlu diperbaharui, bahwa bukan hanya sekedar melihat bagaimana manusia bertahan hidup tapi diperlukan pandangan yang lebih luas. Seperti perlu juga melihat pengetahuan, perubahan-perubahan terkait strategi bertahan hidup dan hal-hal yang lebih eskternal yang turut membentuk mata pencaharian menjadi dinamis. Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat desa Trusmi Kulon, Cirebon, Jawa Barat melalui pendekatan kualitatif yang menggunakan pengamatan terlibat, wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat desa Trusmi Kulon dalam bertahan hidup juga melakukan migrasi dengan pergi ke kota lalu kembali lagi ke desa selain memanfaatkan berbagai bentuk pengetahuan. Migrasi yang dilakukan tersebut adalah migrasi yang bersifat sementara.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis aims to describe about condition of Trusmi Kulon society as a craftsmen. A person 39 s livelihoods refers to their ldquo means of securities the necessities of life or gaining a living rdquo . Theoritically, this research inspired by Scoones 2009 that livelihoods approaches must be re energising and is not only about how people gaining a living, livelihoods approaches must identify and using more different and hybrid perspectives. Like concerns to knowledge, dynamic related livelihoods strategy and external factors has significant impact to the local livelihoods too. This case takes place in Desa Trusmi Kulon, Cirebon, Jawa Barat through qulitative approach that relies on participant observation, in depth interview, and literature studies. This thesis shows Trusmi Kulon society as a craftsmen make circulation migrationfor gaining their living outside the village area to urban area besides utilizes various form of knowledge that they have."