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Herdiyanti
Peran Modal Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Aktivitas Mata Pencaharian Sebagai Strategi Penghidupan Pasca Timah (Studi Masyarakat Desa Delas, Kecamatan Air Gegas, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan) = Role of Social Capital on Changes in Livelihood Activities As Livelihood Strategy (Livelihood) after mine working of Tin (Study from Delas Village Community, Air Gegas Subdistrict, South Bangka, Bangka Belitung Island)
Abstrak :
Peran Modal Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Aktivitas Mata Pencaharian Sebagai Strategi Penghidupan (Livelihood) Pasca Timah (Studi Terhadap Masyarakat Desa Delas, Kecamatan Air Gegas, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung)

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang peran modal sosial terhadap perubahan aktivitas mata pencaharian sebagai strategi penghidupan pasca timah. Teori yang digunakan dalam mengkaji fenomena sosial ini dengan menggunakan konsep modal sosial dari Michael Woolcock sehingga analisa kajian semakin tajam dan komprehensif untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang dituangkan dalam tulisan ini. Jenis dan pendekatan penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus serta menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di lapangan mengenai peran modal sosial terhadap perubahan aktivitas mata pencaharian sebagai strategi penghidupan pasca timah. Masyarakat mengalami perubahan aktivitas mata pencaharian dari sector tambang ke agraris (bertani dan berkebun). Beragam asset penghidupan dimiliki oleh masyarakat Desa Delas. Pemanfaatan modal sosial terhadap asset penghidupan yang dimiliki dimanfaatkan secara kolektif. Hubungan sosial yang terbangun antar warga Desa Delas menjadi semakin erat sehingga menumbuhkan rasa saling percaya, sistem norma sosial yang dilestarikan, hubungan timbale balik, tingkat partisipasi, proaktif, serta hubungan kerjasama semakin berkembang dengan adanya nasib dan tujuan yang sama. Berkembangnya kreatifitas warga menyebabkan kemunculan diversifikasi penghidupan seperti usaha tambak ikan.

Implikasi perubahan aktivitas mata pencaharian yang terjadi pastinya sangat berpengaruh terhadap sistem penghidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Desa Delas. Kini, sector pertanian dan perkebunan menjadi berkembang kembali karena strategi mensiasati hidup yang dilakukan masyarakat telah berhasil dilakukan melalui dorongan kekuatan modal sosial yang dibangun. Memanfaatkan asset penghidupan yang dimiliki, untuk melangsungkan penghidupan berkelanjutan. Peran modal sosial pada masyarakat Desa Delas menjadi analisa terhadap kondisi yang terjadi di Desa Delas. Menguatnya elemen modal sosial seperti bonding, bridging dan linking dalam kehidupan masyarakat membuat pola pikir masyarakat menjadi terbuka dan berkembang. Modal sosial menjadi factor pendukung terhadap perubahan aktivitas mata pencaharian dalam mensiasati strategi penghidupan pasca timah.

Keyword : Perubahan aktivitas mata pencaharian, modal sosial dan penghidupan (livelihood). ......This study describes the role of social capital on changes in livelihood activities as livelihood strategy after mine process of Tin. The theory use in social phenomena preparation by using the concept of social capital from Michael Woolcock study analyzes the increasingly sharp and comprehensive to answer the problem formulation as outlined in this paper. The type and the research approach is qualitative research that uses a case study approach and using data collection methods such as observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis technique using is descriptive qualitative.

Based on survey on the role of social capital to changes in livelihood activities as livelihood strategy after mine working of Tin. Society undergoing significant changes related to the shift in livelihood activities of the mining sector to agriculture (farming and gardening). Utilization of social capital on livelihood assets owned collectively utilized. Social relations between residents of Delas Village woke to become stronger so that foster mutual trust, social norms are preserved system, reciprocity, participation rates, and proactive as well as the growing cooperation relationship with their fate and the same objectives to be achieved. Develoving the creativity of citizens led to the emergence of livelihood diversification such as fish farming.

Implications of changes in livelihood activities that occur certainly affects the livelihood systems socioeconomic Delas village. Now, the agricultural and plantation sectors into growing back because the strategy that made people anticipate living has been successfully carried out through a power boost social capital built. Utilizing livelihood assets owned, as well as developing back so that people are able to develop sustainable livelihoods. The role of the social capital of the communities in Delas be an analysis of what leads to a description of the changes in livelihood activities as a livelihood system of the community in Delas.  The strengthening of social capital elements such as bonding, bridging and linking in society make the public mindset to be open and growth.Social capital is the contributing factor to changes in livelihood activities in after mine working of Tin anticipate livelihood strategies.

Keyword: livelihood activity change, social capital and livelihood (livelihood)

Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Efrianita
Gambaran Kerentanan (Vulnerability) dan Sumber Penghidupan (Livelihood) Masyarakat Sekitar Lahan Pertambangan Timah (Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung = Preview Vulnerabilities (Vulnerability) and Livelihoods (Livelihoods) Around Public Land Mining Tin (Case Study in South Bangka Bangka Belitung Province)
Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas tentang bagaimana regulasi penambangan yang ada di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan Propinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dihubungkan dengan tingkat kerentanan sosial dan sumber penghidupan masyarakat. Thesis ini ingin melihat gambaran kerentanan (Vulnerability) dan Sumber Penghidupan (Livelihood). Sampel diambil sebanyak 387 responden di wilayah Bangka Selatan dengan menyebar kuesioner dan menggunakan metode simple random sampling untuk responden menggunakan analisis bivariat untuk melihat signifikansi level dan pearson correlation dengan menggunakan bantuan software. Hasilnya adalah adanya Kerentanan (Vulnerability) dan Sumber Penghidupan (Livelihood) masyarakat sekitar lahan pertambangan timah di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. ......This thesis discusses how existing mining regulation in South Bangka Bangka Belitung province associated with the level of social vulnerability and livelihoods. This thesis would like to see a picture of vulnerability (Vulnerability) and Livelihoods (Livelihoods). Samples were taken as many as 387 respondents in the South Pacific region by spreading the questionnaire and using simple random sampling method to respondents using bivariate analysis to look at the significance level and Pearson correlation using statistical software. The result is the existence of Vulnerability (Vulnerability) and Livelihoods (Livelihoods) surrounding communities tin mining land in South Bangka Regency.
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mochamad Ananda Radya Mikola
Strategi Penghidupan Pedagang Kaki Lima Yang Mengalami Relokasi Dari Kawasan Malioboro, Kota Yogyakarta = Livelihood Strategies of Street Vendors Who Have Been Relocated From Malioboro Area, Yogyakarta City
Abstrak :
Pedagang kaki lima merupakan salah satu usaha yang dilakukan oleh sebagian besar orang dalam mencari rejeki untuk memenuhi kehidupan sehari-harinya. Kota Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu kota yang menjadi destinasi wisata favorit yang ada di Indonesia karena beragamnya objek wisata yang menarik. Kawasan Malioboro merupakan kawasan inti dengan pusat keramaian dan jumlah wisatawan terbesar di kota Yogyakarta, yang terdiri dari Jalan Malioboro dan Jalan Margo Mulyo dimana terdapat pedagang kaki lima yang berjualan. Adanya relokasi yang diberlakukan oleh Gubernur Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berdampak pada pedagang kaki lima terutama terhadap pendapatan mereka. Dampak tersebut tentunya membuat pedagang kaki lima harus melakukan strategi penghidupan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sehari-hari dengan memanfaatkan aset-aset yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini berisfat kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur, observasi, dokumentasi, wawancara kuesioner, dan wawancara mendalam untuk menganalisis dampak terhadap pendapatan pedagang kaki lima malioboro dengan melihat perbedaan karakteristik tempat berdagang sebelum dan sesudah relokasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya relokasi tersebut memberikan dampak yang besar yaitu penurunan pendapatan yang didapatkan oleh pedagang kaki lima. Adapun pedagang kaki lima melakukan strategi penghidupan yang beragam berdasarkan kondisi aset-aset mereka. Sebagian besar pedagang dalam merespon terhadap dampak yang timbul dengan melakukan strategi konsolidasi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sehari-hari. ......Street vendors are one of business that made by most people who are searching for profits to fulfill their daily lives. Yogyakarta city is one of the cities which has become a favorite tourist destination in Indonesia because of its various interesting tourist objects. The Malioboro area is the core area with the center of the crowd and the largest number of tourists in Yogyakarta city, which consists of Jalan Malioboro and Jalan Margo Mulyo, places for some street vendors selling. The relocation imposed by the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta has some impacts on street vendors, especially on their income. This impact certainly makes street vendors have to carry out livelihood strategies to fulfill their daily needs by utilizing the assets they have. This research is qualitative in nature using literature study methods, observation, documentation, questionnaire interviews, and in-depth interviews to analyze the impact on the income of street vendors in Malioboro by looking at the differences in the characteristics of places to trade before and after relocation. The results of this study indicate that the relocation has a big impact, namely a decrease in the income earned by street vendors. The street vendors carry out various livelihood strategies based on the condition of their assets. Most street vendors respond to the impact that arises by carrying out a consolidation strategy to fulfill their daily needs.
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2023
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Monica Mahardhika Pratiwi
Keberlanjutan Mata Pencaharian Nelayan Perikanan Tangkap di Pesisir Pantai Depok Desa Parangtritis Kabupaten Bantul = Livelihood sustainability of small-scale fishermen in coastal area of Depok Beach, Parangtritis Village Bantul Regency
Abstrak :
Aktivitas perikanan tangkap laut di pesisir selatan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, khususnya di kawasan Pantai Depok mengalami perkembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keberlanjutan aset mata pencaharian dan strategi mata pencaharian nelayan di Pantai Depok tahun 2020 menggunakan Pendekatan Mata Pencaharian Berkelanjutan (SLA). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis spasial. Wilayah penelitian dibagi menjadi dua berdasarkan jarak tempat tinggal nelayan dari pantai Depok yaitu kurang dari 500 meter dan lebih dari 500 meter. Berdasarkan perhitungan rentang skala, mata pencaharian nelayan yang tinggal kurang dari meter dari Pantai Depok termasuk kurang berkelanjutan, sedangkan aset nelayan yang tinggal di lebih dari 500 meter dari Pantai Depok termasuk berkelanjutan. Strategi mata pencaharian yang dilakukan adalah migrasi dan diversifikasi mata pencaharian. ......Marine fisheries activities on the southern coast of Special Region of Yogyakarta province, especially in the Depok Beach area, has gradually developed. This research aims to analyze the livelihood sustainability level and livelihood strategy of small-scale fishermen at Depok Beach in 2020 based on Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA). The methods used in this research are quantitative descriptive analysis and spatial analysis. Study area divided into two groups based on the distance of fishers’ house from Depok Beach, i.e. less than 500 meters and more than 500 meters from the Depok Beach. Based on the calculation of the scale range, livelihood of fishermen in living in less than meters from Depok Beach considered less sustainable, while assets of fishers living in more than 500 meters from Depok Beach are sustainable. The livelihood strategies are diversification and migration.
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Slamet Widodo
Strategi nafkah berkelanjutan bagi rumah tangga miskin di daerah pesisir
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kemiskinan, strategi nafkah yang dijalankan oleh rumah tangga miskin serta menyusun strategi nafkah berkelanjutan berdasarkan kondisi yang ada di masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Kwanyar Barat, Kecamatan Kwanyar, Kabupaten Bangkalan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode PRA, FGD dan pengamatan berpartisipasi dengan melibatkan rumah tangga miskin di daerah penelitian. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya akses terhadap modal terutama modal finansial merupakan penyebab kemiskinan. Akses yang terbatas terhadap modal finansial menyebabkan nelayan tidak mampu mengakses modal fisik berupa teknologi penangkapan yang lebih modern. Kondisi ini semakin diperparah dengan adanya konflik perebutan sumber daya dengan nelayan dari daerah lain. Strategi nafkah yang dilakukan oleh rumah tangga nelayan miskin terdiri atas strategi ekonomi dan strategi sosial. Strategi ekonomi dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pola nafkah ganda, pemanfaatan tenaga kerja rumah tangga dan migrasi. Sedangkan strategi sosial dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan ikatan kekerabatan yang ada. Lembaga kesejahteraan tradisional juga mempunyai peran yang penting bagi rumah tangga miskin dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Modal sosial mempunyai peran yang cukup penting dalam strategi nafkah rumah tangga miskin dan dapat menjadi salah satu pokok perhatian dalam upaya penyusunan strategi nafkah berkelanjutan.
This research aims at knowing the factors causing poverty in research area, knowing livelihood strategy by poor households and constructing sustainable livelihood strategy based on the real condition in community. This research is conducted in Kwanyar village, Kwanyar subdistrict of Bangkalan Regency. Data were collected with PRA, FGD method and participative observation involving poor households in research area. Data were analysed with descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that poverty is caused by lack of access to capital, particularly financial capital. This becomes a matter in which fishermen cannot access physical capital as modern catching technology. Livelihood strategy which is conducted by poor household of fishermen consists of economic and social strategies. Economic strategy is conducted with double livelihood pattern, utilizing households worker and migration. Otherwise, social strategy is perfomed with kinship pattern. Traditional welfare organization has also important role for poor households in fulfilling daily needs. In addition, social capital also contributes significantly for livelihood strategy in that area and it becomes one of attentions in arranging sustainable livelihood strategy.
[place of publication not identified]: Universitas Trunojoyo. Fakultas Pertanian, 2011
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Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sulista
The sustainability of livelihoods of villages around the tin mine in Bangka Islands
Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Massive tin mining activities in Bangka Belitung Islands Province have caused a detrimental effect that reduces the livelihoods of the people living around the mining area. On the other hand, there has been a shift in livelihoods from agrarian communities to mining communities that increase anxieties on the livelihoods in the future. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about the sustainability of the switched people livelihoods which concentrated in villages around the tin mining area. The study utilized qualitative methods, collected data through interviews and focus group discussions on community leaders, village government officials, and mining actors to analyze aspects of vulnerability and household livelihood strategies based on a sustainable livelihood framework. The results of the study reveal that household groups that work with mining owners and mining tailings have the most vulnerable livelihood resources because their main source of income from tin mining activities is only able to meet their daily needs. Furthermore, the group has very limited land and social relationships that rely solely on elements of kinship and moneylender services when faced with financial difficulties. However, most of these households began to respond to the end of the post-tin economy in the pepper plantation and trade sub-sector. In addition, business opportunities in the sub-sector of livestock, horticulture, and capture fisheries for coastal villages have been utilized by mining owners as the alternative livelihoods.
Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Dalam Negeri, 2019
351 JBP 11:1 (2019)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Lutfiana Nur Azizah
Strategi bertahan hidup nelayan kecil dalam menghadapi krisis pada mata pencahariannya (studi pada nelayan tangkap lepas pantai di Desa Batu Ampar, Kecamatan Palmatak, Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau) = Survival life strategy of small fishermen in facing crisis of their livelihood (study of offshore fishing fishermen in Batu Ampar Village, Palmatak District, Anambas Island Regency, Riau Island Province)
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Permasalahan umum yang dihadapi nelayan pulau terluar Indonesia antara lain terbatasnya infrastruktur perikanan, terbatasnya sumber daya ikan akibat penangkapan lebih (over fishing), perubahan iklim dan ketidakstabilan harga penjualan ikan. Kondisi tersebut juga dialami oleh nelayan kecil Desa Batu Ampar dalam melakukan aktivitas, penangkapan ikan secara tradisional di laut lepas. Dalam menghadapi krisis melaut, nelayan kecil Desa Batu Ampar melakukan berbagai upaya untuk bertahan hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan strategi bertahan hidup nelayan kecil Desa Batu Ampar dalam menghadapi krisis pada mata pencahariannya serta hambatan dalam strategi bertahan hidup. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Melalui pemilihan informan secara purposive sampling, wawancara dilakukan dengan 10 informann. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nelayan kecil Desa Batu Ampar dapat melakukan upaya-upaya untuk bertahan hidup, diantaranya adalah bekerja keras dalam melaut, menggunakan alat bantu penangkapan, berkomunikasi dengan nelayan-nelayan lain, mendekati kawasan pengeboran migas, mengakses bantuan, meminjam uang, mengikuti sosialisasi dan pelatihan usaha, melakukan kerjasama dengan pengusaha ikan, berkebun dan melakukan budidaya ikan. Dalam strategi bertahan hidup,  nelayan kecil Desa Batu Ampar juga dihadapkan oleh beberapa hambatan. Diantaranya adalah tidak berupaya untuk beraktivitas di wilayah tangkap lain, kesulitan untuk bekerja di luar aktivitas melaut, adanya batasan di kawasan pengeboran migas, angin kencang dan badai, kekurangan sumber daya ikan, kesulitan dalam mengakses bantuan, ketidakstabilan dan keterbatasan penjualan ikan serta mengalami kerugian dari aktivitas nelayan luar daerah.
ABSTRACT Common problems faced by fishermen, especially in the outer islands of Indonesia are limited fisheries infrastructure, limited fish resources due to over fishing, climate change and instability in the sale price of fish. This condition is also experienced by small fishermen in Batu Ampar Village who are the outermost island fishermen in carrying out traditional fishing activities on the high seas. In dealing with the crisis, the small fishermen of Batu Ampar village made various efforts to survive. The research aims to describe survival life strategies of small fishermen of Batu Ampar Village in facing the crisis of their livelihood and obstacles in survival strategies. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and descriptive type of research. Through the selection of informants by purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 informants. The results showed that small fishermen in Batu Ampar Village could make efforts to survive. They worked hard in the sea, using fishing aids, communicating with other fishermen, approaching oil and gas drilling areas, access assistance, borrow money, take part in business socialization and training, collaborate with fish entrepreneurs, gardening and conducting fish farming. In the survival life strategy, the small fishermen of Batu Ampar Village were also faced with several obstacles. They did not try to do activities at other fishing grounds, difficult to work outside of fishing activities, limitations in oil and gas drilling areas, strong winds and storms, shortages of fish resources, difficulties in accessing assistance, instability and limited fish sales and losses from activities of fishermen outside region.

 

 

Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T52515
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bahrianoor
Peran modal sosial dalam memenuhi sumber penghidupan Masyarakat Dayak Ngaju: studi kasus pada Masyarakat Dayak Ngaju Desa Manusup di Kabupaten Kapuas Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah = The role of the social capital to fulfill the life source of the people of Dayak Ngaju: study of case on people of Dayak Ngaju in Village Manusup at Kabupaten Kapuas Province Central Borneo / Bahrianoor
Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas peran modal sosial dalam memenuhi sumber penghidupan pada Komunitas Adat Dayak Ngaju di Manusup Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial mempunyai peran penting dan berfungsi dalam memperluas hubungan kerjasama, baik hubungan dalam kebutuhan sosial maupun hubungan dalam kebutuhan sumber penghidupan. Hubungan dalam kebutuhan sosial berfungsi melahirkan solidaritas sosial yang terbentuk melalui institusi sosial keadatan maupun agama. Sedangkan hubungan dalam kebutuhan sumber penghidupan berfungsi menopang ketahanan ekonomi dengan cara membuka interaksi dalam penguatan jaringan yang saling menguntungkan, baik yang bersifat bonding, bridging dan linking capital. Bonding capital berperan membentuk kebersamaan dan kerekatan hubungan emosional dan mampu memperkuat pertalian intarnal. bridging capital mampu membuka jalan dan menstimulasi perkembangan komunitas. Sedangkan linking capital membawa manfaat yang besar terhadap kemajuan desa Manusup, yaitu kemajuan sarana pendidikan desa dan pengembangan potensi keahlian yang dimiliki dalam mendapatkan sumber penghidupan.
ABSTRACT
The thesis explains the role of the social capital to fulfill the life source at the traditional community of Dayak Ngaju in Manusup, Central Borneo. This research is a qualitative one with a descriptive design. The result shows that social capital has important role and functioned itself to expand official relationship for social and fulfill the life needs. The relation on social needs was meant to born the social solidarity which was build social institution and/or religion, while the relation of life resources was meant to hold the economy hall by opening the interaction on social network mutualism for bonding, bridging and linking capital. Bonding capital rolled as an institution to build togetherness and emotional relationship, and give the internal brotherhood bound stronger. Bridging capital could open the way and stimulate the community development, while linking capital bring big advantages for Manusup?s development, i.e. village?s education and human resources development which had by life resources.;The thesis explains the role of the social capital to fulfill the life source at the traditional community of Dayak Ngaju in Manusup, Central Borneo. This research is a qualitative one with a descriptive design. The result shows that social capital has important role and functioned itself to expand official relationship for social and fulfill the life needs. The relation on social needs was meant to born the social solidarity which was build social institution and/or religion, while the relation of life resources was meant to hold the economy hall by opening the interaction on social network mutualism for bonding, bridging and linking capital. Bonding capital rolled as an institution to build togetherness and emotional relationship, and give the internal brotherhood bound stronger. Bridging capital could open the way and stimulate the community development, while linking capital bring big advantages for Manusup?s development, i.e. village?s education and human resources development which had by life resources., The thesis explains the role of the social capital to fulfill the life source at the traditional community of Dayak Ngaju in Manusup, Central Borneo. This research is a qualitative one with a descriptive design. The result shows that social capital has important role and functioned itself to expand official relationship for social and fulfill the life needs. The relation on social needs was meant to born the social solidarity which was build social institution and/or religion, while the relation of life resources was meant to hold the economy hall by opening the interaction on social network mutualism for bonding, bridging and linking capital. Bonding capital rolled as an institution to build togetherness and emotional relationship, and give the internal brotherhood bound stronger. Bridging capital could open the way and stimulate the community development, while linking capital bring big advantages for Manusup’s development, i.e. village’s education and human resources development which had by life resources.]
2015
T43676
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rendra Permana
Kemiskinan sosial di Wapeko: Analisa kapital sosial (Studi kasus Kampung Wapeko, Distrik Kurik, Kabupaten Merauke – Papua) = Poverty incidence in Wapeko: Social capital analysis (Case study of Wapeko Village, Kurik District, Merauke Regency - Papua).
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini berfokus pada masalah kemiskinan dan kapital sosial di Kampung Wapeko, distrik Kurik, Kabupaten Merauke, Papua. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis gambaran bentuk kapital sosial masyarakat orang asli Papua (Marind) dan transmigran di kampung Wapeko serta fungsi kapital sosial yang terbentuk dari kedua masyarakat tersebut dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di kampung Wapeko. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profesi orang Marind sebagai subsisten (pemburu, peramu), belum mengolah sumber daya alam karena tidak adanya kemampuan teknis dan jaringan dalam pengelolaannya (bertani, berdagang). Mereka hanya mampu memiliki kebutuhan dasar serta akses ekonomi yang sangat terbatas. Kapital sosialnya berupa bonding social capital, menekankan pada norma pembagian – pengelolaan lahan, kekerabatan (marga), pemanfaatan hutan serta konservasi tradisional (sasi). Tipologi bonding social capital menyulitkan mereka dalam menghadapi perubahan kehidupan tradisional menuju modern, kapital sosial yang dimiliki tidak mampu maksimal menggapai kapital sosial dari kelompok lain yang lebih permisif. Kemiskinan yang terjadi pada orang marind terjadi karena tidak dimilikinya bridging social capital. Warga transmigran memiliki bridging social capital dengan norma kerjasama (gotong royong) dan etos kerja pantang menyerah. Tercipta jaringan yang kuat dalam menjalankan beragam variasi mata pencaharian (bertani, berdagang, pegawai). Norma warga transmigran menimbulkan kepercayaan dari orang Marind untuk mengakses pembagian – pengelolaan lahan serta pemanfaatan hutan sehingga memicu bridging social capital diantara dua kelompok tersebut, penguatannya pada kemunculan norma sewa lahan dan perdagangan hasil hutan (pengepul). Penguatan menimbulkan pergerakan kesejahteraan ekonomi di kedua pihak. ......This research focuses on the problems of poverty and social capital in Wapeko Village, Kurik District, Merauke Regency, Papua. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the description of the social capital forms of indigenous Papuans (Marind) and transmigrants in Wapeko village and the function of social capital formed by the two communities in poverty alleviation in Wapeko village. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The results showed that the Marind profession as subsistence (hunters, gatherers), have not processed natural resources due to the absence of technical skills and networks in managing them (farming, trading). They are only able to have basic needs and very limited economic access. The social capital is in the form of social bonding capital, emphasizing the sharing norms - land management, kinship (marga), forest use and traditional conservation (sasi). The typology of social bonding capital makes it difficult for them to face changes in traditional life towards modernity. Their social capital is not able to reach the maximum social capital from other, more permissive groups. Poverty that occurs in marginalized people occurs because they do not have bridging social capital. The transmigrants have a bridging social capital with a norm of cooperation (mutual cooperation) and an unyielding work ethic. A strong network is created in running a variety of livelihoods (farming, trading, employees). The norms of the transmigrants gave rise to the trust of the Marind people to access the distribution - land management and forest use, which triggered bridging social capital between the two groups, strengthening the norms of land leasing and trade in forest products (pengepul). The strengthening led to a movement of economic welfare on both sides.
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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Dwi Handayani
Strategi Adaptasi Petani Kelapa Sawit Selama Peremajaan Kelapa Sawit (Studi Kasus Pada Petani Kelapa Sawit Di Desa Toman Kecamatan Babat Toman Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Provinsi Sumatera Selatan = The Adaptation Strategy ofOil Palm Farmers during Oil Palm’s Replanting Program (Case Study of Oil Palm Farmers in Toman village, Babat Toman district, Musi Banyuasin, South Sumatera)
Abstrak :
Beberapa tahun terakhir, petani kelapa sawit Di Desa Toman yang menggantungkan hidupnya di sektor pertanian kelapa sawit berada pada posisi yang rentan. Di tengah kondisi kerentanan tersebut, mereka harus menghadapi proses peremajaan kelapa sawit yang membuat mereka kehilangan mata pencaharian dan sumber pendapatan utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi adaptasi petani kelapa sawit dalam mempertahankan mata pencahariannya selama masa peremajaan kelapa sawit dengan menganalisa aktivitas, faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat dalam melakukan strategi adaptasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sedangkan pengumpulan data menggunakan Teknik observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan yang terdiri dari pemerintah desa, KUD Makmur, dan petani kelapa sawit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi adaptasi pada petani kelapa sawit dilakukan melalui aktivitas produksi dan aktivitas konsumsi. Aktivitas produksi yang dilakukan petani kelapa sawit seperti nelayan, buruh pabrik dan buruh tani, berternak, bertani sayuran, dan membuka usaha kecil-kecilan, sedangkan aktivitas konsumsi yang dilakukan petani kelapa sawit seperti meminimalisir pengeluaran dan meminjam uang dengan memanfaatkan jaringan sosial. Kemudian adanya faktor- faktor pada petani kelapa sawit dalam melakukan strategi adaptasi yaitu faktor pendukung internal (istri, anak, dan keluarga lainnya), faktor pendukung eksternal (tetangga, pemerintah desa, KUD Makmur, dan PT. PI, serta faktor penghambat (masalah finansial dan minimnya pengetahuan petani kelapa sawit). Hasil penelitian ini juga menyarankan kepada pihak pemerintah desa, petani kelapa sawit, dan KUD Makmur untuk lebih memperhatikan petani kelapa sawit dengan meminimalisir faktor penghambat pada petani kelapa sawit selama masa peremajaan kelapa sawit
In recent years, the economic sustainability of oil palm farmers In the Toman village who have depended on the oil palm agriculture sector is in vulnerable state because of their low income. In addition to that difficult situation, the farmers have to face another issue which is replanting oil palm that took place simultaneously. This research aims to describe the adaptation strategy by the oil palm farmers during the oil palm’s replanting program to maintain their livelihood, by analyzing the supporting and inhibiting factors of the adaption strategy. This research conducted by qualitative approach and applies descriptive research. The data collection conducted through observation and in-depth interview with informants who were composed of the local government, the local cooperative (KUDMakmur), and the oil palm farmers. The result shows that two form of oil palm farmers’s adaptation strategy persist during replanting program to sustain their livelihood which are; first, production activities and second, consumption activities. Production and income activities done by oil palm farmers such as working as fishermen, factory workers and farm laborers, livestock raising, vegetable farming, and opening small businesses; while consumption activities done by oil palm farmers such as reducing expenses and borrowing money by utilizing their social networks. Furthermore, there are contributing factors of oil palm farmers’s adaptation strategy, namely, livelihood asset. The results of this research also suggest the local government, oil palm farmers, and local cooperative (KUD Makmur) to give more attention by minimizing inhibiting factors for oil palm farmers during the replanting program
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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