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Abstrak :
This book provides a comprehensive overview of concrete block paving (CBP). Starting with the basics, such as the history, applications, advantages and limitations of CBP, it then discusses in detail the structural behavior, construction process, and design support conditions, covering topics like specifications for blocks and laying patterns, field performance and mix design for ICBP. Lastly, it examines good CBP practices and maintenance.

Abstrak :
Jaringan pipa transmisi dibutuhkan untuk mentransportasikan gas dengan volume besar. Pada proses perancangan didapatkan nilai diameter pipa adalah sebesar 30.022 inch untuk mengalirkan gas sebesar 203 MMSCFD bertekanan gas inlet 600 Psia dan tekanan outlet 375 Psia dengan kecepatan fluida 17.932 ft/s dibawah nilai kecepatan erosional sehingga pipa tidak akan terjadi vibrasi. Pemilihan diameter pipa harus optimal karena apabila semakin besar diameter pipa tekanan dan temperatur akan menurun dari kondisi awal inlet, sehingga fluida membentuk hydrat, wax dan asphaltene. Diameter pipa terlalu kecil mengakibatkan tekanan dan temperatur yang diterima end point sangat besar yang mempengaruhi keandalan material pipa sehingga dinding pipa cepat terkikis serta akan terjadi thermal expansion ditambah pada operasinya fraksi mol Hydrogen Sulfide dan Carbon Dioxide memiliki konsentrasi hingga 25 dari fluida yang dialirkan. Material pipa Seamless Steel API 5L X65 dengan ketebalan 0.361 inch. Berat total pipa 5071.66 N/m dan resultan gaya hidrodinamis sebesar 1591.1 N/m membuktikan bahwa pipa dalam keadaan stabil. Headloss yang ditimbulkan akibat dari Valve dan Fittings adalah 8035.61 ft dan terjadi penurunan tekanan Pressure Drop sebesar 283 Psia yang dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan spesifik serta panjang dari pipa tersebut. Jari-jari radius overbend yang ditumpu oleh stinger harus lebih besar dari 21 m agar tidak terjadi buckling atau propagasi pada pipa. Unit Pipelay Vessel menggunakan kapal dengan spesifikasi DWT 11300 berkapasitas angkut pipa seberat 4000 ton.

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Transmission pipelines are needed to transport large volumes of gas. In the design process, the diameter of the pipe is 30.022 inch for gas flow of 203 MMSCFD, with inlet pressure of 600 Psia and outlet pressure of 375 Psia so the fluid velocity of 17,932 ft s below the point of erosional velocity, so the pipe will not generate vibration. The choice of pipe diameter should be optimal because as the diameter gets bigger, the pressure and the temperature of the pipe will decrease from its inlet initial condition. That will cause the fluid to form hydrate, wax and asphaltenes. If the diameter of the pipe is too small, it rsquo s going to cause a huge pressure and high level of temperature that will be received by the end point. It will affect the reliability of the pipe material, causing the pipe wall to erode quickly. In addition, there will be a thermal expansion in addition the operation of the mole fraction Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide has a concentration up to 25 of the fluid flowed. Material of Seamless Steel pipe API 5L X65 with thickness of 0.361 inch. With a total weight of 5071.66 N m and the resultant hydrodynamic force of 1591.1 N m, it proves that the pipe is stable. The headloss caused by Valve and Fittings is 8035.61 ft and there is a pressure drop of 283 Psia that is influenced by a specific speed of fluids. The radius overbend supported by the stinger must be greater than 21 m in order to avoid buckling or propagation on the pipe. Pipelay Vessel Unit uses ship with specification of DWT 11300 that has the capacity of carrying 4000 ton of pipe.

Abstrak :
Sebagai salah satu tindakan preventif atas penyebaran penyakit pada produk agrikultur, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) mengeluarkan suatu kerangka kerja untuk mengelola risiko biologis di berbagai negara, yang disebut Biosecurity. Salah satu tujuan biosecurity ialah meningkatkan keberlanjutan produksi. Sementara itu di Indonesia, para peternak rakyat terus menghadapi risiko kerugian akibat faktor-faktor internal maupun eksternal. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa setelah 22 bulan, penerapan kerangka kerja biosecurity mampu meningkatkan produktivitas serta pertumbuhan sehingga berkontribusi positif terhadap laba operasi. ......As one of the actions to prevent the transmission of disease among agricultural products, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) issued a framework to manage biological risks in various countries, entitled Biosecurity. One of its purpose is to improve the continuity of production. Meanwhile in Indonesia, individual farmers are constantly faced with the risk of being at loss caused from both internal and external factors. This research found that after 22 months of practice, the application of biosecurity framework had rendered an increase in productivity and growth, which in turn resulted in a positive contribution to the operating profit.