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Abstrak :
Photoacoustic measurement in an imaging system is a unique method as it uses optical disturbance but observes its effect acoustically. Acoustical observation increases the quality of a measurement by reducing the scattering effect that often occurs in optical research. However, a few problems, such as cost and complexity, hinder development of a photoacoustic system. This report presents a design of a photoacoustic system using a laser diode and a commercial microphone as the acoustic emission source and sensor, respectively. Analysis of the photoacoustic signal received by the microphone was performed with software-based Fourier transformation, which makes the photoacoustic system simpler and lower in cost. By measuring the amplitude of the signal, the system accurately detects surface micrometer cracks. The report shows that the system is capable of producing a photoacoustic image of an object with micro-cracks on its surface. The results indicate that the photoacoustic imaging system developed in the experiment is a more promising way to generate images of cracks than optical imaging

Abstrak :
A study on the design and construction of measurement system of electric current of power line has been carried out. The electromagnetic induction on inductor placed near a power line was used as modulator signal of laser diode. The modulator signal in frequency signal form is obtained by converting the amplitude of induced voltage into frequency signal by voltage-to-frequency converter. The optical light of laser diode modulated by the frequency signal was transmitted by optical fiber. At the output of the fiber, the optical light was detected and converted by optical detector into electrical signal. The electrical signal was then demodulated and amplified by a receiver to be measured by a frequency counter. The experimental result shows a linear property of induced voltage as a function of current in the power line; the frequency as a function of voltage and current is also linear; the frequency on transmitter is the same with the frequency on receiver. It is concluded that the system designed and constructed in this study is applicable for remote measurement of electric current of power line.

Abstrak :
[Pada umumnya sensor Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) bekerja berdasarkan pengamatan karakteristik respon spektral FBG terhadap besaran yang ingin dideteksi. Pada tesis ini dipelajari kemungkinan pemanfaatan respon intensitas FBG untuk mengamati besaran yang ingin dideteksi, khususnya regangan statis dan dinamis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas transmisi dan refleksi FBG berbanding lurus dengan regangan statis dan dinamis. Berdasarkan karakteristik FBG tersebut, dilakukan rancang bangun sensor getaran FBG untuk mendeteksi getaran pada frekuensi rendah. Sensor ini dibuat dengan cara menempelkan sebuah FBG pada kantilever berbahan perunggu dengan dimensi 85x3x0,5 mm. Hasil pengukuran pada rentang temperatur 25 ? 450C menunjukkan bahwa sensor ini dapat mendeteksi getaran dalam rentang frekuensi 7?10 Hz. Rentang frekuensi ini termasuk dalam rentang frekuensi aktivitas penggalian, sehingga dapat diterapkan pada sistem deteksi tindakan vandalisme pada jalur pipa minyak.;In general, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor works based on the observation of spectral response characteristic to detect the desired parameter. In this thesis, we studied the possibility of using the FBG intensity response characteristic to detect the desired parameter, especially in static and dynamic strain. Experiment result show that the transmitted and reflected intensity have linier relationships with static and dynamic strain. Based on these characteristics, we developed the FBG sensor to detect low frequency vibration. This sensor is designed by attaching the FBG on the bronze cantilever with dimensions of 85x3x0.5 mm. Measurement results show that the sensor is able to detect vibrations in the frequency range of 7-10 Hz at a temperature range of 25-450C. The measured frequency range is still within the frequency range of digging activity, therefore this vibration sensor can be applied on oil pipelines vandalisation detection system.;In general, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor works based on the observation of spectral response characteristic to detect the desired parameter. In this thesis, we studied the possibility of using the FBG intensity response characteristic to detect the desired parameter, especially in static and dynamic strain. Experiment result show that the transmitted and reflected intensity have linier relationships with static and dynamic strain. Based on these characteristics, we developed the FBG sensor to detect low frequency vibration. This sensor is designed by attaching the FBG on the bronze cantilever with dimensions of 85x3x0.5 mm. Measurement results show that the sensor is able to detect vibrations in the frequency range of 7-10 Hz at a temperature range of 25-450C. The measured frequency range is still within the frequency range of digging activity, therefore this vibration sensor can be applied on oil pipelines vandalisation detection system., In general, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor works based on the observation of spectral response characteristic to detect the desired parameter. In this thesis, we studied the possibility of using the FBG intensity response characteristic to detect the desired parameter, especially in static and dynamic strain. Experiment result show that the transmitted and reflected intensity have linier relationships with static and dynamic strain. Based on these characteristics, we developed the FBG sensor to detect low frequency vibration. This sensor is designed by attaching the FBG on the bronze cantilever with dimensions of 85x3x0.5 mm. Measurement results show that the sensor is able to detect vibrations in the frequency range of 7-10 Hz at a temperature range of 25-450C. The measured frequency range is still within the frequency range of digging activity, therefore this vibration sensor can be applied on oil pipelines vandalisation detection system.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) menjadi kunci utama komponen dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) dalam sistem komunikasi fiber optik.

EDFA L band relatif bekerja pada inversi populasi rendah dimana energi absorpsi dan emisi bekerja pada level energi konvensional dengan menghasilkan penguatan positip. Pola daya laser diode pumping (LDP) menjadi bagian terpenting dalam pengaturan EDFA L band, khususnya untuk menentukan penguatan tinggi dengan noise yang rendah. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan sebuah rangkaian elektronika menggunakan komponen high end technology dengan stabilitas dan akurasi tinggi dengan fitur: laser diode pumping (LDP), termo electric cooler (TEC) dan power meter diatas sebuah rangkaian kompak printed circuit board (PCB) terintegrasi.

EDFA diatur pada forward pumping dengan satu buah LDP 980 nm. Panjang EDFA yang digunakan berukuran 13.5 meter, nilai ini dipilih untuk mengefisienkan daya LDP agar didapat daya keluaran penguatan yang maksimum terhadap daya sinyal masukan minimum. Prototipe dikarakterisasi kemudian diverifikasi menggunakan analisa numerik Matlab untuk menentukan performa sistem penguatan optik EDFA secara keseluruhan.

Parameter unjuk kerja seperti gain dan noise figure (NF) dapat diperoleh dengan mengubah daya laser pompa berturut-turut 53.6 mW, 61.1 mW, 64.83 mW dan 68.25 mW dengan sinyal masukan berturut-turut -20 dBm, -15 dBm, -10 dBm dan -5 dBm. Hasil eksperimen menunjukan bahwa sinyal masukan terkecil -20 dBm dapat dikuatkan hingga diatas 3 dB dengan noise figure (NF) rata-rata dibawah 4 dB.

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ABSTRACT
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) have become major key components for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical fiber communication systems.

An L-band EDFA operates in a relatively low population inversion that a positive net gain is produced for L-band signals while energy absorption occurs at the conventional band. Therefore, pumping scheme has become major issues in L band EDFA to obtain high gain and low noise figure (NF) as well as pump power efficiency. In this research we have developed a high stability and accuracy circuit using high end technology components, the feature such as: laser diode pumping, thermo electric cooler and power meter on a compact printed circuit board (PCB).

EDFA was regulated at forward pumping using simple single pump structure with 980 nm pump laser and short L band EDFA. Length of EDFA is 13.5 meters were used, the purpose is to get short L band length but with efficient pumping power to get good gain output at several pumping and signal power. Prototype has characterized and verified using numerical analysis Matlab to determine performance of EDFA system overall.

The performance parameter such as gain, NF and output power was taken at L band ITU wavelength standard with four different laser diode pumping powers of 53.6 mW, 61.1 mW, 64.83 mW and 68.25 mW respectively. A range of different input signal power ranging was used of -20 dBm, -15dBm, -10 dBm and -5 dBm respectively. Experimentally, the lowest power at -20 dBm can be amplified up to 3 dB within lowest noise figure bellow 4 dB.