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Abstrak :
Salah satu upaya meningkatkan produksi bioetanol adalah melalui efisiensi fermentasi. Penelitian terkait upaya peningkatan efisiensi fermentasi yang meninjau tentang proses pencampuran bahan baku belum ditemukan dan hal ini sangat terkait dengan kondisi hidrodinamika dalam fermentor sebagai unit pemroses. Kondisi hidrodinamika suatu system dipengaruhi oleh desain dan kondisi operasi unit pemroses serta fluida kerja. Dengan desain dan kondisi operasi fermentor yang optimal maka proses pencampuran menjadi efisien distribusi bahan baku merata dan kondisi ini berpengaruh terhadap kinerja mikroorganisme yang terlibat sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil produksi bioetanol. Untuk mendapatkan desain dan kondisi operasi fermentor yang optimal diperlukan detail informasi tentang aliran di dalamnya kondisi hidrodinamika . Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan detail informasi dan fenomena hidrodinamika proses pencampuran molase-air dalam fermentor skala industri dengan diameter 7 m dan tinggi 15 m. Pada kasus dengan sistem geometri skala industri, maka metode komputasi lebih efisien. Namun pada pelaksanaannya, untuk menerapkan model dan strategi solusi yang sesuai fenomena nyata, diperlukan kajian terkait karakteristik medan aliran dalam sistem, karakteristik dan perilaku pencampuran fluida kerja serta pengaruh parameter pengadukan terhadap fenomena pencampuran. Untuk melakukan kajian terhadap faktor-faktor tersebut perlu dilakukan scale down dari geometri skala industri menjadi geometri skala kecil diameter 0,28 m dan tinggi 0,52 m . Metode komputasi dinamika fluida pada penelitian ini mengaplikasikan kode komersial Ansys fluent 17.1. Metode eksperimen untuk karakterisasi reologi fluida kerja adalah menggunakan Rheometer Brookfield dan untuk pelacakan partikel serta perilaku pencampuran bahan baku adalah metode visualisasi. Detail informasi dan fenomena hidrodinamika proses pencampuran dalam fermentor bioetanol skala industri telah didapatkan dan didiskusikan. Model Large eddy simulation LES lebih sesuai untuk menggambarkan turbulensi dalam sistem. Model Sliding-mesh SM dan Eulerian menghasilkan prediksi yang lebih mendekati hasil eksperimen. Waktu pencampuran mixing time pada fermentor skala industri adalah 114 detik.

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One of the efforts to increase bioethanol production is through the efficiency of fermentation. The related Study as the efforts to improve the efficiency of fermentation by reviewing the mixing process of raw materials have not been found, and this is strongly related to hydrodynamic conditions in the fermentor as a processing unit. The hydrodynamic condition of a system is influenced by the design and operating conditions of the unit process and the working fluid. With an optimum fermentor design and condition, the mixing process becomes efficient uniform distribution of raw material and this condition has an effect on the performance of the microorganism involved so that it can increase bioethanol production. In order to obtain the optimal fermentor design and operating conditions, detailed information on the flow hydrodynamics condition is required. Based on this background, the purpose of this research is to obtain detailed information and hydrodynamic phenomena of molasses-water mixing process in industrial scale fermentor with diameter 7 m and height 15 m. In the case of industrial-scale geometry systems, the computational method is more efficient. However, in the implementation, to apply an appropriate model and solution strategy to represent the real phenomena, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the flow field in the system, the characteristics and the mixing behavior of the working fluid and the effect of the agitation parameters on the mixing phenomenon. To conduct a study of these factors, need to scale down the geometry of the industrial scale into small-scale geometry diameter 0.28 m and height 0.52 m . The commercial code Ansys fluent 17.1 was applied to study of the fluid dynamics computationally. The experimental tools for the rheological characterization of working fluids are to use the Brookfield rheometer and the methods for particle tracking, and the mixing behavior of the raw material is a visualization method. Detailed information and hydrodynamic phenomena of the mixing process in industrial scale bioethanol fermenters have been obtained and discussed. Large eddy simulation model LES is more suitable for describing turbulence in the system. The Sliding-mesh SM and Eulerian models produce predictions that are closer to the experimental results. The mixing time on an industrial scale fermentor is 114 seconds.

Abstrak :
This book gathers the proceedings of the 11th workshop on Direct and Large Eddy Simulation (DLES), which was held in Pisa, Italy in May 2017. The event focused on modern techniques for simulating turbulent flows based on the partial or full resolution of the instantaneous turbulent flow structures, as Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) or hybrid models based on a combination of LES and RANS approaches. In light of the growing capacities of modern computers, these approaches have been gaining more and more interest over the years and will undoubtedly be developed and applied further. The workshop offered a unique opportunity to establish a state-of-the-art of DNS, LES and related techniques for the computation and modeling of turbulent and transitional flows and to discuss about recent advances and applications.