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"ABSTRAKKota Malang merupakan kota terbesar kedua dengan luas 110,6 Km2 di Provinsi Jawa Timur, pertumbuhan kota dengan adanya kegiatan pendidikan meningkatkan pembangunan di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan penggunaan tanah pada tahun 1996-2016 di Kota Malang. Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan pengunaan tanah di Kota Malang tahun 1996-2016. Mensintesa dan membuat model prediksi penggunaan tanah di Kota Malang pada tahun 2030 dengan pendekatan aplikasi metode markov chain Celullar Automata.Metode yang dapat mengkaji fenomena perubahan penggunaan tanah kaitannya dengan pertumbuhan kota di Kota Malang adalah metode markov chain cellular automata. Metode markov chain cellular automata mampu memprediksi perubahan penggunaan tanah akibat pertumbuhan sebuah kota. Hasil prediksi pertumbuhan perkotaan dengan melihat dominansi lahan terbangun memiliki luas 8860,87 ha sedangkan lahan pertanian dan tegalan terus berkurang diangkibatkan adanya pertumbuhan perkotaan. Hasil prediksi tahun 2030 mengenai perubahan penggunaan tanah lahan tidak terbangun sebesar 2.145,13 dibandingkan tahun 2016 sebesar 3400.06 ha artinya terjadi perubahan penggunaan tanah sebesar 1,254.93. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari penerapan metode markov chain cellular automata ini maka diharapkan temuan ini dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam merancang RTRW Kota Malang yang berkelanjutan. Sehingga keseimbangan ekologis, keseimbangan lingkungan dan ketahanan pangan dapat terjaga dan memenuhi syarat sebuah Kota yang memiliki daya dukung dan daya tampung lingkungan.

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ABSTRACTMalang is the second largest city with an area of 110.6 km2 in the province of East Java, the growth of the city with their educational activities to promote development in the city of Malang. This study has the objective to analyze the land use change in 1996 2016 in the city of Malang. Analyzes the factors that influence changes in land use in the city of Malang in 1996 2016. Synthesize and create predictive models of land use in Malang in 2030 with the approach ofapplicationmethod Markov chainCelullar Automata.This method to examine the phenomenon of land use changes in relation to the growth of the city of Malang is amethod of Markov chaincellularautomata.method Markov chain cellular automata is able to predict changes in land use due to the growth of a city. The result of urban growth predictions by looking at the dominance of developed and undeveloped land has an area of 8860.87 ha of agricultural land and moor while declining impact to their urban growth. The prediction results in 2030 regarding changes in land use land is not awakened at 2145.13 compared to 2016 amounted to 3400.06 ha it is mean changes in land use amounted to 1,254.93. Based on the results of the application method of cellular automataMarkov chain it is expected that these findings can be taken into consideration in designing a sustainable RTRW Malang. So that the ecological balance, food security and environmental balance can be maintained and qualify a city which has a carrying capacity and environmental capacity."

"Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan dari lahan sawah menjadi kawasan industri dan permukiman di Kabupaten Karawang. Keberadaan industri juga menarik masyarakat untuk beralih profesi dari sektor pertanian ke sektor industri. Selain konversi lahan pertanian, industri juga menyerap lebih banyak air yang membuat air untuk pertanian berkurang. Hal tersebut terjadi karena pengelolaan air yang kurang efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan penggunaan lahan, mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis dampak dari pembangunan kawasan industri pada lingkungan, dampak kawasan industri pada kondisi sosial dan ekonomi, serta menyusun strategi perlindungan lahan sawah berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis spasial, korelasi, MDS, dan analisis stakeholders. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa perubahan lahan pertanian sebagian besar berubah menjadi kawasan industri. Perubahan lingkungan karena industri menyebabkan penurunan luas lahan sawah dan produksi padi, dan jaringan irigasi. Selain itu, keberlanjutan petani pada dimensi sosial dan ekonomi berada pada kategori kurang berkelanjutan. Strategi yang direkomendasikan untuk perlindungan lahan pertanian adalah dengan memprioritaskan sosial dan ekonomi petani.

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In recent years, there has been land-use changes from the paddy field to the industrial and housing in Karawang. Industries also attracted people to switch professions from farming to the industrial. Besides land conversion, transfer in water usage also increased for industrial needs. This is caused by poor water management in terms of distribution and control of water usage. The purpose of the study are to  analyze land use changes, to identify and analyze the impact of industrial estate development, to analyze social and economic changes, and to arrange sustainable rice field protection strategies. The study uses the Spatial analysis, Correlation analysis, Multi-Dimensional Scaling and stakeholders analysis. The results found changes in agricultural land mostly turned into industrial estates. Changes in the environment due to industry caused a decrease in paddy fields and rice production also in irrigation channels. In addition, the sustainability of farmers in the social and economic dimensions is in the less sustainable category. The recommended strategy for protecting agricultural land is to prioritize farmers' social and economy."

"Sungai Ciliwung merupakan salah satu sungai di Pulau Jawa yang tercemar oleh limbah dari aktivitas rumah tangga, komersial/industri serta pertanian. Pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk akan memicu adanya perubahan tata guna lahan. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk dan perkembangan aktivitas manusia di berbagai sektor, pencemaran air sungai menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi oleh manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis spasiotemporal terhadap konsentrasi dan beban pencemar air Sungai Ciliwung serta korelasinya dengan tren perubahan tata guna lahan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor dominan yang memengaruhi beban pencemaran sungai tersebut. Analisis dilakukan terhadap parameter pencemar organik dan nutrien (BOD, COD, DO, TSS, NH3, NO2, NO3 dan Total Fosfat) dengan menggunakan data debit dan kualitas air Sungai Ciliwung dari BBWS Ciliwung – Cisadane. Secara spasial, konsentrasi dan beban pencemar organik dan nutrien dari hulu ke hilir cenderung menunjukkan peningkatan dari hulu hingga ke hilir. Sedangkan secara temporal, konsentrasi pencemar organik (BOD dan COD) memuncak di tahun 2018 kemudian mengalami penurunan hingga tahun 2020. Kemudian, konsentrasi pencemar nutrien (NH3, NO3, T-P) dan TSS paling tinggi adalah pada tahun 2020. Tren beban BOD, NH3, NO2dari tahun 2016 – 2020 meningkat, sedangkan tren beban COD, TSS, NO3, dan Total Fosfat dari tahun 2016 – 2020 menurun. Bila dilihat dari tren perubahan tutupan lahan dan nilai koefisien korelasi, peningkatan persentase lahan permukiman menyebabkan meningkatnya beban pencemar. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dari hasil uji korelasi yang positif kuat-moderat antara keduanya. Sedangkan hasil uji korelasi persentase lahan pertanian dengan beban pencemar menunjukkan korelasi negatif moderat dengan lahan pertanian. Dari hasil uji tersebut dapat diperkirakan bahwa limbah aktivitas pertanian secara kuantitas tidak lagi signifikan terhadap pencemaran di badan air bila dibandingkan dengan kegiatan domestik. Selain itu, rata-rata rasio BOD/COD didapatkan kurang dari 0,3 (bersifat non-biodgradable) sebagai indikator adanya pencemaran dari kegiatan non-domestik seperti kegiatan komersil/industri dan TPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antropogenik yang paling dominan memengaruhi beban pencemar organik dan nutrien di DAS Ciliwung dalam penelitian ini adalah kegiatan domestik (secara khusus akibat limbah greywater), serta limbah kegiatan komersil/industri yang tidak memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan namun langsung dibuang ke saluran air dan mengalir ke badan air.

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Ciliwung River is one of many rivers on the Java Island which is polluted by waste from domestic, commercial/industrial and agricultural activities. The rapid population growth caused changes in land use. Along with population growth and the development of human activities in various sectors, river pollution became a serious problem for humans. The purpose of this study is to conduct a spatiotemporal analysis of the concentration and pollutant load of the Ciliwung River and its correlation with the trend of land use changes to determine the factors that dominantly influence the river pollution. The analysis was carried out on the parameters of organic pollutants and nutrients (BOD, COD, DO, TSS, NH3, NO2, NO3 and Total Phosphate) using the flow and water quality data of the Ciliwung River from BBWS Ciliwung – Cisadane. Spatially, the concentration of organic pollutants and nutrients increased from upstream to downstream. Spatial variations in organic and nutrient pollutant loads also tend to show an increase from upstream to downstream. Meanwhile, temporally, the concentration and load of organic pollutants (BOD and COD) peaked in 2018 and then decreased until 2020. Then, the concentration and load of nutrient pollutants (NH3, NO3, T-P) and the highest TSS was in 2020. The trend of BOD, NH3, and NO2 loads from 2016 – 2020 increased, while the trend of COD, TSS, NO3, and Total Phosphate loads from 2016 – 2020 decreased. From the trend of land cover changes and the value of coefficient correlation, an increasing percentage of residential land caused an increasing pollutant load. This is indicated by the results of a strong-moderate positive correlation test between those two. While the results of the correlation test of the percentage of agricultural land with the pollutant load showed a negative correlation. From that results, it can be estimated that the waste of agricultural activity is no longer significant in terms of pollution in water bodies compared to domestic activities. In addition, the average BOD/COD ratio was found to be less than 0,3 (non-biodgradable) as an indicator of pollution from non-domestic activities such as commercial/industrial activities or landfill runoff. The results showed that the most dominant anthropogenic activities affecting organic and nutrient pollutant loads in the Ciliwung watershed in this study were domestic activities (particularly due to greywater waste), as well as the waste of commercial/industrial activities that did not meet the established standards but were directly discharged and flowed into a water body."

"The title of the thesis is "Land Use Change Analysis of Rice Field in Kabupaten Karawang in the Years of 1989 and 1997 Using Landsat TM Image". Rapid growth of population and various human activities are main causes of land use change of rice field in Kabupaten Karawang. Geographically, Kabupaten Karawang is located in West Java Province, mostly in flat area; having fertile soil comprises of volcanic alluvium, i.e., sand, ash and clay. The area is popular as one of the national rice producing areas. The observation of this thesis was conducted for analyzing land use changes of the years of 1989 and 1997. Within those time periods with the help of Landsat images the changes of land use on rice fields into developed areas are observe able, reducing the area of the total rice fields. The unit analysis is kecamatan. To estimate the changes, this thesis uses a land use changes models, i.e., L = f(Economy, Population, and Policy), where L indicates land use change from rice field into developed area. L is considered as a dependent variable, representing human dimension. The independent variables are economy, population, and policy. These variables were tested with multiple linier regression analysis. The economic variable comprises of PDRB (Regional Gross Domestics Product) of industry, PDRB of cash crops, and PBB (Property Tax). Population variable consists of total population of the of 0 to 74 years old, total farm labors of 10 to 64 years old, and total non farm labor of 10 to 64 years old. Policy variable involves the region of developed area, the number of SD (elementary school), SMP (junior school), and Puskesmas. The analysis of Landsat 5 TM images shows that the highest changes are in Kecamatan Cilamaya and Telukjambe. The less changes are in Kecamatan Pangkalan and Lemahabang. Statistical analysis was applied to get better understanding of the changes of rice fields into developed areas. An equation was used to observe the growth of changes of rice fields into developed area, and the pattern of land change of rice fields into develop area in the year of 1997 to 1989. From the results of statistical analysis it can be concluded that the pattern of land use change of rice fields into developed area in the year of 1997 to 1989 has a significant correlation with the dependent variables. The equation can be used as a model to analyze the changes of the area of rice fields into developed area."